Transcript WTO TBT SPS - European Food Safety

The WTO Agreements on Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) and
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
&
The role of food irradiation
Josef Brodesser
Food and Environmental Protection Section
Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
A-1400 Vienna, Austria
JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
1
World trade of agricultural products
World trade of agricultural products
9%
( 560 US$
Billions)
Agricultural products
Other products
91%
JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
2
World trade & production by main product groups
0
Total
merchandise
Industry
products
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Percentage
increase
per year
Export rate
Production rate
Agricultural
products
Manufactures
JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
3
Global Trade in Food and Agricultural Commodities (1997)
Total Value: $500 Billion
40 % Europe (EU)
20 % North America
20 % Asia & the Pacific
12 % Latin America
4 % Africa
2 % Middle East
2 % Eastern Europe
JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
Source: WTO, Geneva4(1998)
The World Trade Organization (WTO)
 Is
the only global international organization
dealing with the rules of trade between
nations.
 At its heart are the WTO agreements,
negotiated and signed by the bulk of the
world’s trading nations and ratified in their
Parliaments.
JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
5
Functions of the WTO
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Administering WTO trade agreements
Forum for trade negotiations
Handling trade disputes
Monitoring national trade policies
Technical assistance and training for developing
countries
Cooperation with other international
organizations
JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
6
WTO Agreements
 Application
of Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures (SPS)
 Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT)
JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
7
Sanitary
and
Phytosanitary
Measures
are to
protect
against pests
and diseases
and to
provide safe
food
JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
8
SPS
 Acknowledges
that governments have the
right to take sanitary and phytosanitary
measures necessary for the protection of
human health.

It does not permit Member Governments to
discriminate by applying different requirements to
different countries where the same or similar
conditions prevail, unless there is sufficient
scientific justification for doing so.
JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
9
TBT
 Aims
to ensure that technical regulations and
standards, including packaging, marking
and labeling requirements, and analytical
procedures for assessing conformity with
technical regulations and standards do not
create unnecessary barriers to trade.
JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
10
The SPS Agreement
Recognizes relevant international standards,
guidelines and recommendations of competent
international organizations:
Codex Alimentarius Commission (for food safety
and human health)
 International Plant Protection Convention (for
plant health)
 International Office of Epizootics (for animal
health)

JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
11
Joint FAO/WHO
Codex Alimentarius Commission
Intergovernmental Body - 165 members,
Objectives:
 Ensure food is safe to eat
 Facilitate international trade
JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
12
Codex Alimmentarius
Commission (CAC)
Codex Alimentarius = Food Law
 Food standards
 Codes of practices
 Recommendations
JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
13
Food Hygiene and Safety
Mayor activity of CAC
Committees on:
 Food Hygiene
 Food Additives and Contaminants
 Pesticides Residues
 Residues of Veterinary Drugs
JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
14
CODEX GENERAL STANDARD
FOR IRRADIATED FOOD
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Scope
General requirements for the process
Hygiene of irradiated foods
Technological requirements
Re-irradiation
Labelling
JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
15
RECOMMENDED INTERNATIONAL CODE
OF PRACTICE FOR THE OPERATION OF
IRRADIATION FACILITIES USED FOR THE
TREATMENT OF FOOD
Introduction
 Irradiation plants
 Good radiation processing plants
 Product and inventory control
 Appendix A (dosimetry)
 Appendix B (EXAMPLES of technological
conditions for the irradiation of SOME individual
food items.)

JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
16
IPPC Guidelines for the Use of
Irradiation as a Phytosanitary
Treatment
PLAN
 Review by ICPM Standard Committee (May
2002)
 Comments by member countries (June-September
2002)
 New document revised by ICPM Standard
Committee end year 2002)
 Review and approval by the Plenary Session IPPC
(April 2003)
JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
17
Conclusion
WTO and its Agreements on SPS and TBT
are part of international efforts to
liberalise the world trade in food and
agricultural products.
JOINT FAO/IAEA PROGRAMME
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
18