Transcript Folie 1

AQUA-CSP
Work Packages:
1. Technologies (combination of CSP and desalting technologies)
2. Water and Solar Energy Resources
3. Demand Side Scenario
4. Market Potential 2000-2050
5. Socio-Economic Impacts
6. Environmental Impacts
7. Literature
 Final Report a la MED-CSP and TRANS-CSP by end 2007
WP 2: Resources
Natural Water
AQUA-CSP
Average
Precipitation
mm/year
Farming Systems
1 Irrigated
2 Highland Mixed
3 Rainfed Mixed
Source: FAO 2007
4 Dryland Mixed
5 Pastoral
6 Sparse (arid)
WP 2: Resources
Natural Water
AQUA-CSP
Iraq
Iran
Syria
Lebanon
Morocco
Egypt
Tunisia
Oman
Algeria
Israel
Yemen
Bahrain
Water Poverty Demarcation Line
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Libya
Qatar
UAE
Palestine
Kuwait
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Renewable Water per Inhabitant [m³/cap/y]
3000
3500
AQUA-CSP
WP 2: Resources
Natural Water
WP 2: Resources
Exploitable Natural Water
AQUA-CSP
Renewable and
Exploitable Water
in MENA
Internal
Total
Total
Internal
Renewable
Overlap:
Renewable
Renewable
Renewable
Surface
Surface and
Water
Total
Water
Groundwater
Water
Groundwater
(actual)
Population in
(actual)
(km³/y)
(km³/y)
(km³/y)
(km³/y)
2000 (million) (m³/cap/y)
Dependency
Ratio (%)
Exploitable
Water
(km³/y)
0
3
9
0
97
20.0
7.9
3.6
0.6
49.7
--
81.8
Morocco
Algeria
Tunisia
Libyan Arab Jamahirija
Egypt
North Africa
10.0
1.4
1.5
0.5
1.3
22.0
9.8
3.1
0.2
0.5
3.0
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.0
29.0
11.6
4.6
0.6
58.3
29.2
30.5
9.6
5.3
67.3
14.7
35.6
3.5
104.1
141.9
993
380
475
113
866
733
Israel
Palestine
Jordan
Lebanon
Syrian Arab Republic
Iran, Islamic Rep. of
Iraq
Western Asia
0.5
0.1
0.5
3.2
4.2
49.3
1.2
59.0
0.3
0.0
0.4
4.1
4.8
97.3
34.0
140.9
0.0
0.0
0.2
2.5
2.0
18.1
0.0
22.8
1.7
0.1
0.9
4.4
26.3
137.5
75.4
246.2
6.1
3.2
5.0
3.4
16.8
66.4
25.1
126.0
274
19
176
1297
1563
2071
3005
1954
55
18
23
1
80
7
53
--
1.64
0.06
0.88
2.19
20.6
137.51
75.42
238.3
Oman
Kuwait
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Bahrain
Arabian Peninsula
1.0
0.0
0.1
2.2
0.1
1.5
0.0
4.8
0.9
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.2
4.0
0.0
7.3
0.9
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.1
1.4
0.0
4.4
1.0
0.0
0.1
2.4
0.2
4.1
0.1
7.8
2.4
2.2
0.6
21.5
3.2
17.9
0.7
48.5
413
9
83
112
47
229
171
161
0
100
4
0
0
0
97
--
0.99
0.02
0.05
2.4
0.15
4.1
0.12
7.83
78.4
183.7
30.7
358.1
316.4
1132
--
328.0
Total MENA
WP 2: Resources
Fossil Groundwater
AQUA-CSP
COUNTRY
AQUIFER
SYSTEM
EXTENSION
(km²)
ACCESSIBLE
CURRENT
RESERVES EXTRACTION
(Mm³)
(Mm³/y)
10,220,000
4,500
STATIC
DURATION (y)
Egypt, Libya
Nubian Sandstone
2,200,000
Algeria, Libya,
Tunisia
Saudi Arabia,
Bahrain, Qatar,
UAE
Jordan
North Western
Sahara
Various
1,000,000
1,280,000
2,560
500
250,000
2,185,000
18,200
120
Qa Disi Aquifer
3,000
6,250
170
37
2271
Nubian Sandstone History 1950-2000: 40 Bm³ (0.4%) pumped, water level 60 m
down, 97 % of wells dry
Region
Potential
(million m3/year)
Usage in 2000
(million m3/year)
Reserves
(million m3/year)
Delta
5,220
4,195
1,025
Valley
3,170
1,932
1,238
Western Desert
3,748
817
2,931
90
8
82
210
89
121
80
2
78
12,518
7,043
5,475
Eastern Desert
Sinai
North-West Coast
Total Egypt
AQUA-CSP
WP 2: Resources
Solar Energy for Desalination
Atlas of Direct Normal Irradiance from MED-CSP
AQUA-CSP
WP 2: Resources
Solar Energy for Desalination
Atlas of Exclusion Criteria for CSP from MED-CSP
WP 2: Resources
Solar Energy for Desalination
AQUA-CSP
Case: Yemen
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
18
00
19
00
20
00
21
00
22
00
23
00
24
00
25
00
26
00
27
00
28
00
>
28
00
Desalination Potential [Bm³/y]
Coastal Potential - Yemen (< 20 m a. s. l.)
DNI [kWh/m²/y]
 DNI kWh/m²/y
 Site exclusion for CSP
 Sites below 20 m. a. s. l.
AQUA-CSP
WP 2: Resources
Conclusions
 Water poverty (< 1000 m³(cap/y) in all except 4 MENA countries
 Exploitable natural water 328 Bm³/y
 Plenty fossil groundwater but only small part exploitable
 Huge solar energy resource available in all MENA countries
 CSP-Potential for non-conventional water from seawater desalination available