Transcript Industrialization - Kettering High School

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INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
Life Before the Industrial
Revolution…
New Products
 Steel=
Bessemer Process
 Electricity – Enabled
homes & factories to use
a single power source
Who was Bessemer and what
was the Bessemer process?
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
Henry Bessemer was an English
engineer and inventor
He invented the Bessemer process,
which made steel easier and
cheaper to manufacture


The key principle is removal of
impurities from the iron by oxidation
through air being blown through the
molten iron. The oxidation also raises
the temperature of the iron mass and
keeps it molten.
So why is it important that steel became
easier and cheaper to manufacture?
The Impact of the Railroad
• Railway companies= country’s major
employers
• Spur the growth of other industries
• Increased need to communicate across
long distances
• Need lots of power
ELECTRICITY
How would your life be different
without electricity?
What do you think is the most
important invention ever? WHY?
INVENTORS / INVENTIONS
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Thomas Edison –Light Bulb
Alexander Graham Bell – Phone
Guglielmo Marconi – 1st Radio
Waves.
Internal Combustion Engine –
Oil/Gas
- Gottlieb Daimler
Wright Brothers – Air Plane
NEW PATTERNS
Increased Buying Power
- Increased wages
- Lower prices + lower transportation cost=
increased buying power
Department Stores
World (Global) Economy
Transportation opens up markets to buy
and sell from
The process of developing machine
production of goods is called
1.
2.
3.
4.
Enclosure
Industrialization
Urbanization
Crop rotation
Where did the Industrial
Revolution begin?
1.
2.
3.
4.
United States
Great Britain
France
Germany
Cities had been built on rivers from the very beginning of human civilization.
When the Industrial Revolution began, growing cities were often located close to
?
what other resource
1.
2.
3.
4.
Farmland
Oil Wells
Child Labor
Coal and Iron mines
Why was industrialization in the U.S.
primarily concentrated in the Northeast?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Had the greatest supply of capital and labor
Climate in the North favored industrial
development
Other regions lacked water transportation
The Midwest/South had fewer natural
resources
Large fields surrounded by fences or hedges, in which landowners
experimented with seeding and harvesting methods to boost crop yields,
were called…
1.
2.
3.
4.
Enclosures
Stocks
Entrepreneurs
Farms
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A New Social Order

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New Urban Upper Class aka “THE
NEW ELITE”: Make their $$$ in new
industries
New Middle Class: Modern
corporations swell the middle class
with managers, engineers,
accountants, clerks, and salespeople;
new jobs created
Industrial workers: Hundreds of
thousands move into cities in search
of jobs


1890: 50% of industrial workers live
below the poverty line--- What does this
cause?
Great demand in labor met by
From Europe To America…
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
Where does the Industrial
Revolution start?
How do you think it spreads to
America?
The Industrial Revolution Comes to
America
Urban Life
• People flock to cities to find work
• Skyscrapers dominate the landscape
– Why no skyscrapers before?
• Mass transit
• Tenements
– What were tenements like?
Life during the Industrial Revolution
What were the factories like?
Read the Child Labor packet. When you are finished
answer the following questions IN COMPLETE
SENTENCES on a separate sheet of paper.
• 1. In 2000, how many estimated child
laborers were there?
• 2. Should the US care about child labor?
Why or why not?
• 3. Should we stop child labor? Why or why
not?
• 4. How might we try to stop child labor
today? EXPLAIN.
Which is NOT one of the reasons contributing to making
Great Britain the starting place for the Industrial
Revolution?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Population growth
Ready supply of capital
Plentiful natural resources
Lack of industrial markets
Response Grid
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The _____________ is a social class of people made up of
skilled workers, professionals, businesspeopple, and
wealthy farmers…
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Upper class
Lower class
Urbanites
Middle class
Response Grid
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Which of the following societal changes was brought on by
the Industrial Revolution?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Coal miners moved out of the cities
2. Rural folks moved to cities for factory
jobs
3. Farm wives gained a valuable source
of income
4. Seamstresses were promoted to
management positions
Response Grid
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Countdown
The major feature of industrial cities in Britain was a growing
population. How did population growth affect these industrial cities?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Population growth created more jobs
2. Population growth resulted in more schools
3. Population growth encouraged migration to
rural areas
4. Population growth led to overcrowded,
unsanitary living conditions
Response Grid
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Countdown
In which countries did
industrialization happen?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
In those that had limited trade routes
In those that had largely rural populations
In those that had coal or other power source
In those that wanted to maintain traditional
ways of working
Response Grid
10
Countdown
Participant Scores
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Some questions…
• What was life like in the cities?
• What were the working conditions like in
the cities?
• Why do people move to the cities and
away from the farm?
• Who works in the factories?
• How do people feel about these
conditions?
KARL MARX
COMMUNISM
 1848 Communist Manifesto
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- Co writer Friedrich Engles
Capitalism was cause of horrible living
and working conditions
“Class Struggle” Bourgeoisie vs
Proletariat
- Struggle evolve into violent
revolution between the oppressors and
the oppressed
- Lead to Classless Society and
Bourgeoisie would wither away
SOCIALIST PARTIES
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German Socialist Party –
largest in Germany
Worked to pass laws to
improve working conditions and
fight against capitalism
worldwide
TRADE UNIONS
Workers unite to improve
working conditions
 Strike to get demands met
 Demands
1. higher wages
2. better work conditions
3. right to collective bargain

Labor Unions
• Some want to replace capitalism with
an economic system that workers
controlled
– Many favor socialism. What is socialism?
• The AFL: American Federation of Labor
• The IWW: The Industrial Workers of the
World
• The AFL worked within the system and
focused on skilled workers, while the
IWW opposed capitalism and focused
on unskilled workers
– Matewan and Herrin
MASS
SOCIETY
WOMEN
New job opportunities
- Assembly line work
- Low paid white collar jobs
Secretaries, file clerk, sales clerks
Women are expected to work until
married
UNIVERSAL EDUCATION
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1870-1914 Western countries make
school mandatory for kids ages 6-12
Reasons for EDT
1. Industry needed trained/skilled
workers
2. Educated voters for democracy
NEW FORMS OF LEISURE.
Industrial system gave
people free time.
 Amusement Parks
 Sporting Events
 News papers

Why did the workers support
communism during the Industrial
Revolution?
0%
1.
2.
0%
3.
0%
4.
0%
It promised economic equality
It offered an opportunity to get rich
The poor would work hard enough to
enter the middle class under communism
It promised a more urbanized and
modern society
Response Grid
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Which was the first
professional baseball team?
0%
1.
0%
2.
0%
3.
0%
4.
Brooklyn Dodgers
Cincinnati Reds
New York Yankees
Chicago Cubs
Response Grid
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Which was NOT a new form of leisure
activity during the industrial revoluton?
0%
1.
0%
2.
0%
3.
0%
4.
Newspapers
Swimming pools
Amusement parks
Organized sports teams
Response Grid
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He wrote the Communist
Manifesto.
0%
1.
0%
2.
0%
3.
0%
4.
Marconi
Edison
Lenin
Marx
System in which society owns
and controls all means of
production
1.
2.
3.
4.
Socialism
Capitalism
Classless society
Democracy
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