Transcript Lesson 2 Part 3 - 308 (Colchester) ATC

Uncontrolled copy not subject to amendment
Principles of Flight
Principles of Flight
Learning Outcome 2:
Understand how the stability of an aeroplane is
maintained in flight and how manoeuvrability
is controlled
Part 3
Principles of Flight
Revision
Questions
What happens to Lift when a Wing is Stalled?
a. Lift Increases as Angle of Attack Decreases.
b. Lift Decreases as Angle of Attack Increases.
c. Lift is Greatly Reduced.
d. Lift Remains unchanged.
Questions
The Critical Angle of Attack is Generally about?
a.
5o.
b. 15o.
o
c. 25 .
d. 35o.
Questions
Which of the following will NOT REDUCE the Stalling Speed?
a. Extra Weight.
b. Larger Wing Area.
c. Flaps Lowered.
d. Flaps Raised.
Questions
Where would you find the information regarding
the Aircraft’s various Stalling Speeds?
a. Pilot’s Notes.
b. Air Traffic Control.
c. Ground Crew.
d. McDonald’s.
High Lift Devices (Flaps)
or
Lift Augmentation
High Lift Devices
Objectives:
1. Describe the principle operation of Trailing Edge Flaps.
2. State the following for Trailing Edge Flaps:
Location, Effects on Lift, Effects on Drag, Types,
Advantages, and uses.
3. Describe the principle operation of Leading Edge Slats.
4. State the Advantages of Slats with reference to:
Stalling Speed, Stalling Angle, and Drag.
High Lift Devices
Why do we need High Lift Devices?
• High Lift Devices come in many shapes and forms.
• They are mounted on the Leading and Trailing edges
of wings.
• They create more Lift at lower speeds to allow lower
take-off and landing speeds.
• The Aircraft nose will be lower, allowing a better view
for the Pilot.
But how do they work?
LIFT AUGMENTATION
Weight (Constant) = Lift (Constant)
= CL½ρV2S
At Minimum Speed
= CLMAX½ρV2MINS
To further reduce the Minimum Speed?
THIS IS THE PURPOSE OF LIFT AUGMENTATION
Raise the Value of CLMAX
METHODS OF LIFT
AUGMENTATION
FLAPS (Trailing Edge & Leading Edge)
SLATS & SLOTS
LIFT AUGMENTATION DEVICES
PLAIN FLAP
50% Increase CLMAX
Critical Angle 12o
LIFT AUGMENTATION DEVICES
SPLIT FLAP
60% Increase CLMAX
Critical Angle 14o
NIMROD
Split Flap
LIFT AUGMENTATION DEVICES
SLOTTED FLAP
65% Increase CLMAX
Critical Angle 16o
LIFT AUGMENTATION DEVICES
THE BLOWN FLAP
80% Increase CLMAX
Critical Angle 16o
LIFT AUGMENTATION DEVICES
FOWLER FLAP
90% Increase CLMAX
Critical Angle 15o
LIFT AUGMENTATION DEVICES
AUTOMATIC SLAT
70% Increase CLMAX
Critical Angle 25o
LIFT AUGMENTATION DEVICES
FIXED SLAT
50% Increase CLMAX
Critical Angle 20o
LIFT AUGMENTATION DEVICES
SLOT
40% Increase CLMAX
Critical Angle 20o
LIFT AUGMENTATION DEVICES
KRUGER FLAP
50% ? Increase CLMAX Critical Angle 25o
LIFT AUGMENTATION DEVICES
“DROOP SNOOT”
FLAP
50% ? Increase CLMAX
Critical Angle 20o
LIFT AUGMENTATION - EFFECTS ON CL
LIFT AUGMENTATION - EFFECTS ON CL
CL
BASIC AEROFOIL SECTION
α
LIFT AUGMENTATION - EFFECTS ON CL
CL
BASIC AEROFOIL SECTION
TRAILING EDGE FLAP
α
LIFT AUGMENTATION - EFFECTS ON CL
CL
BASIC AEROFOIL SECTION
LEADING EDGE FLAP
α
LIFT AUGMENTATION - EFFECTS ON CL
CL
BASIC AEROFOIL SECTION
SLAT OR SLOT
α
LIFT AUGMENTATION - EFFECTS ON CL
CL
BASIC AEROFOIL SECTION
TRAILING EDGE FLAP
LEADING EDGE FLAP
SLAT OR SLOT
α
Flaps
But, what about Drag?
Flaps 60
30o
90
Flap
Lift
Drag
30o
Large Inc
Small Inc
60o
Small Inc
Large Inc
90o
No Sig Inc
V Large Inc
Any
Questions?
High Lift Devices
Objectives:
1. Describe the principle operation of Trailing Edge Flaps.
2. State the following for Trailing Edge Flaps:
Location, Effects on Lift, Effects on Drag, Types,
Advantages, and uses.
3. Describe the principle operation of Leading Edge Slats.
4. State the Advantages of Slats with reference to:
Stalling Speed, Stalling Angle, and Drag.
Questions
What effect does a Trailing Edge Flap have on the Stalling
Speed?
a. Higher.
b. Lower.
c. The same.
d. No difference.
Questions
One type of Leading Edge Flap is:
a. Plain.
b. Slot.
c. Split.
d. Kruger.
Questions
What are some of the High Lift Devices on the Leading
Edge called?
a. Plain Flaps.
b. Ailerons.
c. Slats.
d. Split Flaps.