Transcript Lost in translation?
How do we move students on from translating sentences to paragraphs?
Latin at The Westgate School
• • • •
Y9, (2 nd language, missing PE or ICT), 1 hour per week, CLC Book I Y10 Autumn and Spring terms, 2 hours per week, Book II, stages 13 – 20.
Y10 Summer term, 1 hour Lang, 1 hour Lit. CLC Book III, start Set texts.
Y11 Autumn, Spring and Summer terms, 1 hour Lang, 1 hour Lit. CLC Books III to complete plus selected Book IV.
2
1. Growing sentences:
(CLC Stage 9)
1.
coquus
cenam
parabat
.
2.
coquus
laetus cenam
parabat
.
3.
coquus
laetus cenam optimam
parabat
.
4.
coquus
laetus cenam optimam in culina
parabat .
5.
coquus
laetus cenam optimam Quinto in culina
parabat
.
6.
coquus
laetus cenam optimam Quinto et amicis in culina
parabat
.
7.
coquus
laetus cenam optimam Quinto et amicis in culina
parabat
, quod Quintus diem natalem celebrabat.
3
2. Growing sentences, the challenge:
give a mark for each word used correctly – builds the idea that every word needs to
be accounted for in accurate translation.
mercator tunicas novas Metellae et ancillae in taberna ostendebat, quod mater donum filio quaerebat.
(14 marks) in arena gladiatores optimi leones feroces facile superaverunt, quod leones fessi erant et gladiatores non petebant.
(16 marks) 4
3. Thingummy whatsits
At this stage pupils may have a good grasp of simple sentence structure, but stumble over vocabulary.
Sulla, postquam denarios accepit, titulum in muro scripsit.
Sulla, after he accepted a thingummy, wrote whatever in the doodah?
5
4. Focus on endings:
-bat -bant
odd one out
imperfect was/were doing, incomplete action
-it -erunt
perfect did, completed action
Listen to the story Give the signals when you hear imperfect or perfect tense endings
Imperfect – flowing wave, incomplete Perfect – clap once, completed
5. Focus on endings:
recitavit recitabat recitavi recitat recito ambulat vidit sedet odd one out sedent spectabat discesserunt agunt dicis sum es habitas puer servus dominus puellae actores senes gladiatores canis femina miles villam puer mare naves navigabat nautae Choose an odd one out and give a reason.
There may be more than one strong answer. Accept anything pupils can justify.
Pupils then set their own challenge to partner/class.
7
6. Singular or plural subject?
Activity: He/she or they?
• • •
Mini w/boards, or devise a signal – fingers, arms, one pen, two pencils in the other… Read phrases (or just verbs), class listen for ‘t’ or ‘nt’.
Pupils make up 3 challenges of their own.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
per viam
ambulant
.
in arena fortiter
pugnavit
.
hostes barbaros
superabat
.
‘fessi sumus,’
dixerunt
.
in templo
habitabat
feles.
6.
7.
epistolam matri
scripserunt
.
magnos dentes canum
timebant
.
8.
9.
territi
erant
.
trans montes milites
duxit.
10. cenam optimam
consumpserant.
8
7. Clauses
…if they understand clauses, they’re almost home and dry What is the difference between a Cicero speech and a pussycat?
Cicero has pauses at the end of his clauses ....
9
Try them in English first Cinderella, (relative clause) who was more beautiful than her sisters, (postquam clause) after her fairy godmother appeared, (ablative absolute) a dress having been made by magic,
(quod clause)
because her fairy god-mother had special powers, (cum clause ) (purpose clause) when she had done her nails, hair and lashes, in order to dazzle Prince Charming, …went to the ball.
10
WJEC May 2012 9521
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Hannibal
milites in Galliam
duxit
.
Hannibal
sexaginta milia militum in Galliam
duxit
.
Hannibal
sexaginta milia militum, cum multis elephantis trans montes, in Galliam
duxit
.
Hannibal
, postquam fratrem Hasdrubalem reliquit, sexaginta milia militum, cum multis elephantis trans montes, in Galliam
duxit
.
Hannibal
, postquam fratrem Hasdrubalem reliquit ut Hispaniam defenderet, sexaginta milia militum, cum multis elephantis trans montes, in Galliam
duxit
.
11
Ablative Absolutes are difficult to phrase in English
servo laudato
, dominus e villa discessit. ..... the master left the house
The slave having been praised
,
After the slave had been praised
,
After he had praised the slave, When the slave had been praised
,
urbe capta
, milites omnes domos deleverunt.
villa antiqua vendita
, servi villam novam purgaverunt.
cena a servis incensa
, dominus in taberna cenavit.
canibus in via latrantibus
, pueri in ludum festinaverunt.
8. Numbered text
Give pupils 2 minutes to copy and number their preferred translation order. Then they come to the board and add it.
vero!
minime!
etiam Pompeius, qui paucis antea annis amicus Caesaris fuerat, legatum a Caesare missum audire noluit. etiam Pompeius, qui paucis antea annis amicus Caesaris fuerat, legatum a Caesare missum audire noluit. Caesar legiones suas ad flumen Rubiconem duxit; altera ripa fluminis in Italia iacebat. ibi manebat, cogitans quid facere deberet. dum in ripa sedet, subito homo ingens et pulcher ei appropinquavit, harundine canens. tam bene canebat ut mox multi milites festinarent ad eum audiendum. tum homo, tuba ab uno ex militibus rapta, in flumen descendit. classicum canens in alteram ripam transiit. Caesar suis imperavit ut signum deorum sequerentur.
13
9. Analysis of text:
read and pick out …
Sentence 1
Subject?
Main verb?
Ut clause – what kind of ‘ut’ is it?
An extra detail about the subject?
Sentence 2
Scan the sentence to find a nominative - the subject?
verb for that subject?
object of the verb?
quod clause with an easy main verb?
reason for this? (linked to the main clause?) Britannicus cum familia et amicis sedebat ut cenam consumeret. quod semper timebat ne aliquis se interficere conaretur, unus ex servis omnem cibum vinumque gustavit, priusquam Britannico data sunt.
Now translate the rest…
14
After at first failing to kill Britannicus, Nero makes a successful second attempt.
Britannicus cum familia et amicis sedebat ut cenam consumeret. quod semper timebat ne aliquis se interficere conaretur, unus ex servis omnem cibum vinumque gustavit, priusquam Britannico data sunt. ubi poculum vini nimis calidi, in quod nullum venenum positum erat, ei datum est, Britannicus iussit servum aquam frigidam vino addere. in hac aqua fuit venenum, validius quam antea; quod per totum corpus tam celeriter pervasit ut vox et spiritus statim raperentur. omnes Neronem spectabant: Agrippina sola, quae filium suum bene cognoverat, intellexit Britannicum iam mori.
Vocabulary
familia, familiae (f) family gusto, gustare, gustavi, gustatus I taste poculum, poculi (n) cup
nimis calidus, calida, calidum
too hot venenum, veneni (n)
frigidus, frigida, frigidum
poison cold addo, addere, addidi, additus I add
validus, valida, validum
strong pervado, pervadere, pervasi I spread spiritus, spiritus (m) breath 15
10. Collaboration:
translation is ideal for group work • • • •
Give each pupil a copy of a short text. They read alone, and may ask for I item of vocabulary per head during this time.
Next get into groups and produce best possible translation in 10 minutes.
Swap versions, compare, write(they write) fair copy on the board.
16
Two travelling companions, Aristomenes and Socrates, were attacked in the night by witches
duo viri, Aristomenes et Socrates nomine, per Graeciam forte iter faciebant. ubi ad urbem venerunt, in taberna nocte manebant. in eodem cubiculo dormiebant. subito media nocte, ianua cubiculi magna vi fracta, duae feminae intraverunt. hae feminae sagae erant. ianua in lectum Aristomenis decidit; Aristomenes ipse iam sub lecto se celavit. ille feminas Socrati appropinquantes spectavit. altera facem, altera gladium portabat.
vis (abl. vi) (f) fracta (from frango) saga, sagae (f)
force break witch
lectus, lecti (m) bed alter … alter
one … the other
fax, facis (f)
torch
17
11. Drill 3 rd person sing./plural of key verbs thoroughly:
cape murem
‘What did he do?’
misit dedit dixit duxit constituit sustulit iter fecit cepit potuit maluit venit advenit rediit interfecit voluit progressus est conatus est locutus est
‘What did they do?’
miserunt dederunt dixerunt duxerunt constituerunt sustulerunt iter fecerunt ceperunt potuerunt maluerunt venerunt advenerunt redierunt interfecerunt voluerunt progressi sunt conati sunt locuti sunt 18
12. Vocabulary groups – no substitute for learning
, statim subito igitur cotidie tandem priusquam tamen enim simulac nisi antequam semper 19
13. More practice with confusing pairs of verbs …
amitto-ere-amisi-amissum
:
mitto-ere-misi-missum
: : send : : must/owe : : give
constituo-ere-constitui-constitutum
:
Trips and traps …
:
. reddo-reddere-reddidi-reditum
: give back
10. redeo-redire-redii-reditum
: :
.
20
14. VILE VERBS
These all begin with A…
AAAAhhh…
1. adiuvo, are 2. amitto, ere 3. aperio, ire 4. aufero, erre 5. audio, ire 6. ago, ere 7. appareo, ere 8. advenio, ire 9. accuso, are 10. aperio, ire 1. help 2. lose 3. open 4. steal, take away 5. hear, listen 6. act, do 7. appear 8. arrive 9. accuse 10. open 21
15.Try something different Benedictus XVI ministerio renuntiavit
Inter Consistorium publicum die Lunae (11.2.) in Palatio Apostolico Vaticano habitum, Papa Benedictus XVI cardinalibus praesentibus declaravit se ministerio Episcopi Romae, Successoris Sancti Petri, renuntiare. Dixit se ad cognitionem certam pervenisse vires suas ingravescente aetate non iam aptas esse ad munus Petrinum aeque administrandum. 22
(9524-01) 1. In this passage, Titus fights an inconclusive battle against the Jews. imperator Vespasianus filium suum, Titum nomine, Hierosolyma capere iussit. Iudaei enim, qui a Romanis desciverant, in hanc urbem convenerant. Titus igitur cum tribus legionibus ad urbem contendit. Iudaei contra eum profecti sunt, parati aut hostes vincere aut victi in urbem regredi. tandem Iudaei, quamquam acriter pugnaverunt, plurimis hominibus occisis, in urbem refugerunt. postridie, cum Iudaei iterum pugnare nollent, Romani ad urbem oppugnandam se verterunt.
Names
Vespasianus, Vespasiani
m. Vespasian
Titus, Titi
m. Titus
Hierosolyma, Hierosolymorum
n.pl. Jerusalem
Iudaei, Iudaeorum
m.pl. Jews
Words
descisco, desciscere, descivi, descitus
I revolt, break away (from)
Titus, qui Romam quam celerrime redire cupiebat, victoriam facilem sperabat. difficile tamen erat Romanis urbem capere, quod ingentibus muris munita erat. Iudaei urbem in tres partes diviserant ut eam defenderent. duces Iudaeorum tamen inter se pugnare quam Romanis resistere malebant. maxima parte frumenti propter eorum neglegentiam deleta, cives mox fame mori coeperunt. tot homines mortui sunt ut paucis diebus viae plenae corporum essent.