R&D for ILC Very Forward Calorimeters

W. Lohmann, DESY

• Accelerator and GDE • Black December • New Schedule • New structure for detector R&D • FCAL overview Labs involved: Argonne, BNL, Vinca Inst, Univ. of Colorado, Cracow UST, Cracow INP, JINR, Royal Holloway, NCPHEP, Prague(AS), LAL Orsay, Tuhoku Univ., Tel Aviv Univ. , West Univ. Timisoara, Yale Univ. DESY (Z.) April 27, 2020 Associated: Stanford Univ. IKP Dresden Guests from : CERN FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

Accelerator Design

First stage : 90 – 500 GeV Second stage : up to 1 TeV Luminosity : 500 fb

-1

/ 4years 1 ab

-1

at 1 TeV L ~ 2 x 10

34

cm

-2

s

-1

Polarisation : 80% e

-

50% e

+

(later phase) Beam energy : < 10

-3

uncertainty Options : GigaZ (high lumi running at the Z), e-

g

,

g

-

g April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

• •

The GDE and its Mission (Accelerator)

GDE = Global Design Effort Produce a design for the ILC, including performance assessments, a reliable international costing, an industrialisation plan, a siting analysis Coordinate worldwide prioritized R&D Demonstrate and improve the performance of the components (cavities, cryomodules, RF units) Reduce costs Test and improve reliability Director: B. Barish + 3 regional directors: B. Foster (Europe) M. Nozaki (Asia) M. Harrison (Americas) 480 physicists and engineers worldwide Project Management Office M. Ross (Chair)(Fermilab), N. Walker (DESY), A. Yamamoto (KEK) The RDR (reference design report) for the ILC was released in 2007; Plan was an “Engineering Design Report” in 2010 April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

The GDE and its Mission

April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

The “Black December”

• • • • • In December 2007 STFC (UK) announced withdraw from ILC In US an unrelated move cut the funding for ILC (and particle physics) dramatically Enough US money left to permit GDE common fund to be paid and the GDE organisation to remain in beeing FALC met in January 2008 and confirmed that the physics motivation for a linear collider remains unchanged FALC recognised that funding stability is the key to any international collaborative effort so non of the partners investmants id jeopardized ICFA expressed its deepest concern about the decisions in the UK and the US on spending for long term international science projects ICFA feels an obligation to make policy makers aware of the need for stability in the support of major international science efforts It can’t be business as usual when such a large fraction of recources lost: 40 FTE and £ 4M/year in UK and a reduction from $ 60 M to 15 M in US New plan for the TD phase concentrates and reduces work and lengthens time scales April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

TDP1 and TDP2

TDP-1 (GDE) • • • Prioritized R&D for risk reduction (gradient, Cryomodul performance with beam, RF units) Beam Delivery system, Final focus TDP-2 (GDE) • • • Complete technical design and R&D needed for the project proposal Complete reliable cost role up Project plan developed April 27, 2020 2010 • • • • • Detector design phase I R&D on prioritized areas and critical elements Complete detector specifications Initiate technical design work Update physics performance Develop MDI scenarios 2012 • • • • • FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow Detector design phase II Include LHC results in performance requirements Complete R&D, develop integration into a real detector, technical design for the ILC proposal Complete MDI solution Reliable cost role up and financial plan

Forward region April 27, 2020 Detector Example Muons (instrumented iron) Hadrons (HCAL) Photons, electrons (ECAL) Track measurement (TPC) Flavour tagging (pixel detectors) FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

Requirements on the Detector

Impact Parameter: 1/3 х SLD (secondary vertices) 1/5-10 x LEP Momentum resolution 1/10 x LEP Jet energy resolution 1/3 х LEP, HERA Hermeticity > 5 mrad

A worldwide R&D program is ongoing 0.2 s accelerator delivers ‘bunch’ trains: Timing constraints for Detectors and readout 2820x April 27, 2020 0.95 ms FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow 337 ns

Research Director

The ILCSC recruited Sakue Yamada to serve as ILC (Detector&Physics) Research Director The RD will be responsible for: - Devising procedures that will result in two contrasting and complementary detector designs (based on “Letter of Intend”, LOI) - Guiding the global detector R&D effort - Form a management structure and appoint a detector advisory group (IDAG) More Details under: http://www.fnal.gov/directorate/icfa/Charge%20for%20the%20ILC%20Research%20Director.pdf

April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

ILC Research Directorate Organisation

April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

LoIs, Plan and Schedule

An LoI must include: - the description of the detector - the list of participants and explanation of the recources - the critical R&D areas - simulation studies to demonstrate the physics performance - the plan for the completion of the technical design To identify LoI groups a call for “expression of interest” was made; Three groups submitted EoIs before march 31, 2008 (ILD, SiD, 4 th .C).

LoIs for detector technical designs are expected in 2009 The critical review of the LoIs submitted will be done by the IDAG IDAG will ‘validate’ detector designs and will give guidance for an advanced development April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

IDAG Members

Experiment & Detector

Michael Danilov ITEP Michel Davier (Chair) Orsay Paul Grannis Stony Brook Dan Green FNAL Dean Karlen Victoria Sun-Kee Kim SNU Tomio Kobayashi Tokyo Weiguo Li IHEP Richard Nickerson Oxford Sandro Palestini CERN

Phenomenology

Abdelhak Djouadi Orsay Rohini Godbole IIS JoAnne Hewett SLAC

Accelerator

Tom Himel SLAC Nobukazu Toge KEK Eckhard Elsen DESY April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

The next important dates

June 4-5 GDE meeting in JINR (Dubna) June 9-12 ECFA LC workshop in Warsaw - first meeting of the IDAG, with plenary presentations of the LoI groups November 16-20 LCWS/GDE workshop in Chicago • •

Summary

The ILC project is moving forward with a new plan stretched to 2012 taking into account the impact of funding cuts in UK and US (to reach the goal foreseen for 2010) Seek for synergies with CLIC Synchronisation between GDE and detector community (led now by S. Yamada) is kept.

Continuation and consolidation of detector designs with LoIs next year April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

The JINR site proposal

April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

The challenges Precise Luminosity measurement Gauge process: e + e e + e ( g )

e + e +

IP

e -

6.10m

L = N / s

e -

Count Bhabha events From theory Goal: Precision <10 -3 Translates into the following requirements Inner acceptance radius: < 10 μm Distance between Cals. : < 600 μm Radial beam position : < 1 mm April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow Q , (rad) Energy (GeV)

The challenges Beamstrahlung is a new phenomenon at the ILC (nm beam sizes) Bunches are squeezed when crossing (pinch effect) Part of the photons converts to e larger angles) + e pairs, deflected to A measurement of photon and pair energy allows a bunch-by bunch luminosity estimate Energy deposition from beamstrahlung in the innermost calorimeter (BeamCal) important for beam-tuning Beam pipe

Ratio of Energies (BCAL)

The ratio is proportional to the luminosity Feedback for beam tuning 0,06 0,04 0,02 0 -300 0,14 0,12 0,1 0,08 -200 200 2 1,5 1 0,5 300 0 -100 0

offset_y/2 (nm)

100 Dose absorbed by the sensors: up to 10 MGy/year ! Radiation hard sesnors needed April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow For LHC people: 1 MGy ~ 10 17 e /cm 2

The challenges Electron veto copability is required from physics down to small polar angles to suppress background in particle searches with missing energy signature (hermeticity) e.g. Search for supersymmetric particles at small D m Exploit longitudinal Shower profile average tile energy subtracted Local deposition from a single high energy electron Local deposition from a single high energy electron April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

IP The Design •Precise measurement of the integrated luminosity (ΔL/L ~ 10

-4

) •Provide 2-photon veto •Provide

2-photon veto

•Serve the

beamdiagnostics using beamstrahlung pairs

•Serve the beamdiagnostics using beamstrahlung photons April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

Sensor R&D  pCVD diamonds: • radiation hardness under investigation (e.g. LHC beam monitors, pixel detectors) • advantageous properties like: high mobility, low ε R = 5.7, thermal conductivity (courtesy of IAF)  GaAs: • semi-insulating GaAs, doped with Sn and compensated by Cr • produced by the Siberian Institute of Technology  SC CVD diamonds: • available in sizes of mm 2  Radiation hard silicon CVD: Chemical Vapor Deposition April 27, 2020 Single crystal CVD diamond FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow polycrystalline CVD diamond GaAs

Sensor R&D Sensor performance as a funtion of the absorbed dose: Electron beam at SDALINAC, 10 MeV, 10-50 nA beam current, 60 -300 kGy/hour Beam exit window April 27, 2020 collimator (I ) sensor box (I Dia , T Dia , HV) Faraday cup (I FC , T FC ) FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

FE Electronics Development • accelerator delivers ‘bunch’ trains: Timing constraints for detectors and readout • • High occupancy in the forward calorimeters - read out after each or a few bunch crossings, fast feedback 2820x 0.95 ms 0.2 s One FE ASIC will contain 32 – 64 channels One ADC will serve several channels (MC simulations Still not finished) AMS 0.35 technology m m April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow 337 ns Cracow UST

FE ASIC Stanford Univ.

• 32 channels per chip all data is read out at 10 bits for physics purposes; • Low latency output, sum of all channels is read out after each bx at 8 bits for beam diagnosis (fast feedback) • Prototype in 0.18 m m TSMC CMOS technology April 2007: High level design complete July 2007-July2008: Layout design August 2008: October 2008: January 2009: Verification complete Prototype ready Prototype tests complete April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

Data transfer ~ 10 signal transfer lines per layer of BeamCal Readout in real time and with low latency (~1 μs) Readout between bunch trains Need one more level in the readout architecture for the interface to FONT and to the detector DAQ.

Design and prototyping effort GamCal data formatter feedback proc.

DAQ FONT April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

Sensors for prototypes - Sensor prototypes designed Contacts to several manufacturers Tower Semiconductors Israel Hamamatsu Canbera Sintef - Fan-out design: thin, low cross talk Design of Sensor plane prototypes, ASICS ready for prototypes in 2009 (EUDET) prototypes of a calorimeter ready for tests in 2010/12 (depending in the support) April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

Conclusions Priority topics within FCAL: • Refine and Complete simulations studies • Large area radiation hard sensors for calorimetry • Precise position measurement of electromagnetic showers • Laser position monitoring • ASICS with high readout speed, large dynamic range, large buffering depth and low power dissipation • Fast feedback for luminosity optimisation, fast data transmission (here we contribute to the CMS beam conditions monitoring) April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

Paris conclusions on LumiCal • • Design studies of the calorimeters relatively advanced Lots of details need further studies - beam-pipe design, how much material in front of LumiCal can be tolerated - realistic detector, including calibration uncertainties, cross talk, noise…..

Practical Issues: Fix Geometry and Segmentation Occupancy per bunch train (> 0.25 mip) Signal spectrum  Input for FE ASICs Working group: Bogdan, Ivanka, Iftach Goal: produce a paper (EUDET note) with the relevant numbers before end of the year, including all processes we know so far at CMS energies 350 and 500 GeV April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

Paris Conclusions on BeamCal • Design studies of the calorimeters relatively advanced Open issues - realistic detector, including calibration uncertainties, cross talk, noise…..

- realistic beam transport simulations - beam-pipe shape - design studies for GamCal BeamCal & LumiCal Geometry: Previous geometry was summarized by Christian.

Geometry group: Christian, Bogdan, Sergey, Iftach, Woitek -Define the ‘acceptance’ areas of the calorimeters -define the space needed for the calorimeters -define the beam-pipe shape And write it down! April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

backup April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

IDAG WWS organizers

Phys.&Exp.Board

Th ’s

Structure of the detector community organsation

PAC

ILCSC

Executive Board RD Regional Contacts

LoI representative Common task representative L o I C L o I B L o I A MDI-D Engineering Tools R&D panel R&D Collab .

Software panel Physics Panel Outreach Panel GDE

FALC

IR Integration

Next Step

April 27, 2020 FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow