Transcript Document
10 COMMON ORTHOPAEDIC INJURIES
I.M. Doctor, M.D.
My Office
My City, State
The information in this presentation was provided to
the presenter by the American Academy of
Orthopaedic Surgeons and may be modified.
Endorsement of this presentation by the AAOS is not
implied or inferred.
Thank you to
A. Herbert Alexander, MD
for his significant contributions to the
content of this presentation.
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What is an orthopaedic surgeon?
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MD or DO who specializes in treatment
and health maintenance of
musculoskeletal system (bones, joints,
ligaments, muscles, tendons, cartilage
and spine)
What is an orthopaedic surgeon?
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The expert in treating the musculoskeletal
system
The expert in maintaining musculoskeletal
health
Educating an Orthopaedic Surgeon
College
Medical School
Orthopaedic Internship
and Residency
Fellowship (optional)
2 Years Practice
TOTAL
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5
(1)
2
16 years!
What do orthopaedic surgeons do?
Diagnose
Treat
Medication
Physical
Exercise
Brace
Surgery
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Prevent
Therapy
Common Orthopaedic Injuries
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2.
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5.
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Ankle Sprain
Plantar Fasciitis
Tennis Elbow
ACL Tear
Meniscus Tear
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10.
Shoulder Dislocation
Rotator Cuff Tear
Stress Fractures
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Distal Radius Fracture
Acute vs. Overuse Injuries
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Acute - sudden trauma such as
sprains, strains, bruises, and
fractures
Overuse - series of repeated small
injuries
Ankle Sprain
Ligament injury
Ankle pain,
tenderness, swelling
Twisting
force
One or more of these ligaments can
be torn or stretched.
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Illustration reproduced with permission from
The Body Almanac, Rosemont, IL American
Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003
Ankle Sprain
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Ankle Sprain
R.I.C.E.
Rehabilitation
Anti-inflammatory
Brace
Illustration reproduced with permission from
The Body Almanac, Rosemont, IL
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003
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Plantar Fasciitis
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Microtears of
plantar fascia
Painful heel
Plantar Fasciitis
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Tape heel, arch
Customized orthotics
Stretching
Massage
Exercises
Plantar Fasciitis - Treatment
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Warm up well before sports or activities
Ice heel, 20-30 minutes after sports or
stretching
Anti-inflammatories
Night splint
Massage
Plantar Fasciitis
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Prepare before running
Wear good, supportive shoes
Arch support
Keep feet strong
Avoid activities that cause heel pain
See orthopaedic surgeon if pain persists
Tennis Elbow
Lateral epicondyle
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Tennis Elbow
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Warm up, stretch before play
Correct, maintained
equipment
Condition beforehand
Evaluate cause
ACL Injury
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Direct blow to knee
Non-contact injury,
with foot planted and an
and attempted change in
direction
Landing on straight leg
Making abrupt stops
ACL Tear
Normal anatomy
Anterior
cruciate
ligament
Patella
Hyperextension
Femur
Anterior
cruciate
ligament
tears
Tibia
Fibula
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Illustration reproduced with permission from The Body Almanac, Rosemont, IL
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003
Femur slips
ACL Tear
Treatment – surgical
Incidence of ACL much higher among female
athletes
Combination
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of causal factors
ACL Tear- Prevention
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Land safely from jumps
Practice cutting
maneuvers
Use little steps to stop
Strengthening exercises
Meniscus Tear
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Helps knee joint carry
weight, glide, and turn
Twisting injury
Football and other
contact sports
Meniscus Tear
Pain
Giving way
Locking
Clicking
Swelling
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Meniscus Tear
Normal meniscus
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Torn meniscus
Normal Shoulder
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Reproduced with permission from Thompson WO, Warren RF, Barnes RP, Hunt S:
Shoulder Injuries in Schenck RC (ed): Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, 3rd
Edition. Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1999
Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation
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Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation
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Intense pain
Shoulder looks out of place or locked in
certain positions
Muscle spasms
Bruises, swelling, numbness, weakness
Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation
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Reproduced with permission from: Soft Tissue Trauma, in Bernstein J (ed):Musculoskeletal
Medicine. Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003
Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation
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Closed grip pull-downs
Rotation exercises
Resistance exercises
Surgery
Rotator Cuff Tear
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Rotator Cuff Tear
Shoulder pain
Worse at night
Weakness
Catching
Limited motion
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Rotator Cuff Tear
Treatment
Rest
Cold & heat
Sling
Physical Therapy
NSAIDS
Injection
Surgery
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Rotator Cuff Tear
Prevention
Avoid repetitive activities with the arm at
shoulder level or higher
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Stress Fractures
Calcaneus
Tibia
Talus
Fibula
Lateral
malleolus
Medial
malleolus
Talus
Ankle joint
(tibiotalar joint)
Metatarsals
Midfoot
(tarsals)
Phalanges
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Illustration reproduced with permission from
The Body Almanac, American Academy
of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003
Stress Fractures
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“Micro-cracks”
Pain
“Overuse”
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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Median nerve
Transverse carpal
ligament
Flexor tendons
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Numbness
Tingling
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Clumsiness
Pain
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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Splint or brace at night
Cortisone injections
Anti-inflammatories
Surgery to release ligament
Distal Radius Fracture
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Also known as wrist
fracture
Fall on outstretched
hand
Snowboarders,
skaters
Nondisplaced - cast
Displaced - surgery
Normal Wrist
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Distal Radius Fracture
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Wrist Fracture – Cast Care
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Keep it dry
Don’t pull out the padding
Don’t stick objects inside
Keep dirt, sand & powder out
Don’t break off or trim edges
Wrist Fracture – Cast Care
Signs of trouble:
Increased pain & feeling cast is too tight
Numbness or tingling in the hand
Burning or stinging
Excessive swelling in the hands and fingers
Loss of active movement of fingers
Loosening
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Overuse Injuries & Boomeritis®
Training errors
Improper technique
Less-than-optimal
environment
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Overuse Injuries
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Change intensity,
duration, frequency
Warm up
Heat before, ice after
Cross train
Technique
®
Boomeritis
Exercise - key, but . . .
Bike accidents prevail
Mortality > children
< 50% wear helmets
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®
Boomeritis
tendinitis
bursitis
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sprains
strains
Treatment
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Treatment
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R.I.C.E.
Alter or stop sports activities
Physical therapy & medication
Surgery may be warranted
When to See the Physician
Inability to play
Decreased ability to play
Visible deformity
Severe pain
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Preventing Sports Injuries
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Know and abide by rules
Wear appropriate protective gear
Know how to use equipment
Never “play through pain”
Preventing Sports Injuries
Skilled Instruction
Wear safety gear!
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Preventing Sports Injuries
Warm up & stretching
are two separate
steps!
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Preventing Sports Injuries
Warm up:
Marching
Walking or jogging
Mimic the sport
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Preventing Sports Injuries
Stretching:
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You should NOT feel pain
Hold stretch 30 seconds
Relax into the stretch
Overuse Injuries
10% Rule
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Don’t Increase Activity
by More Than 10% Per
Week
Resources
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
6300 N. River Road
Rosemont, IL 60018
www.orthoinfo.org
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10 Common Orthopaedic Injuries
What are your questions and concerns?
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10 Common Orthopaedic Injuries
Remember, your orthopaedic surgeon can
help get you back in the game!
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