Transcript Document
10 COMMON ORTHOPAEDIC INJURIES I.M. Doctor, M.D. My Office My City, State The information in this presentation was provided to the presenter by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and may be modified. Endorsement of this presentation by the AAOS is not implied or inferred. Thank you to A. Herbert Alexander, MD for his significant contributions to the content of this presentation. 2 What is an orthopaedic surgeon? 3 MD or DO who specializes in treatment and health maintenance of musculoskeletal system (bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, tendons, cartilage and spine) What is an orthopaedic surgeon? 4 The expert in treating the musculoskeletal system The expert in maintaining musculoskeletal health Educating an Orthopaedic Surgeon College Medical School Orthopaedic Internship and Residency Fellowship (optional) 2 Years Practice TOTAL 5 4 4 5 (1) 2 16 years! What do orthopaedic surgeons do? Diagnose Treat Medication Physical Exercise Brace Surgery 6 Prevent Therapy Common Orthopaedic Injuries 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7 Ankle Sprain Plantar Fasciitis Tennis Elbow ACL Tear Meniscus Tear 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Shoulder Dislocation Rotator Cuff Tear Stress Fractures Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Distal Radius Fracture Acute vs. Overuse Injuries 8 Acute - sudden trauma such as sprains, strains, bruises, and fractures Overuse - series of repeated small injuries Ankle Sprain Ligament injury Ankle pain, tenderness, swelling Twisting force One or more of these ligaments can be torn or stretched. 10 Illustration reproduced with permission from The Body Almanac, Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003 Ankle Sprain 11 Ankle Sprain R.I.C.E. Rehabilitation Anti-inflammatory Brace Illustration reproduced with permission from The Body Almanac, Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003 12 Plantar Fasciitis 13 Microtears of plantar fascia Painful heel Plantar Fasciitis 14 Tape heel, arch Customized orthotics Stretching Massage Exercises Plantar Fasciitis - Treatment 15 Warm up well before sports or activities Ice heel, 20-30 minutes after sports or stretching Anti-inflammatories Night splint Massage Plantar Fasciitis 16 Prepare before running Wear good, supportive shoes Arch support Keep feet strong Avoid activities that cause heel pain See orthopaedic surgeon if pain persists Tennis Elbow Lateral epicondyle 17 Tennis Elbow 18 Warm up, stretch before play Correct, maintained equipment Condition beforehand Evaluate cause ACL Injury 19 Direct blow to knee Non-contact injury, with foot planted and an and attempted change in direction Landing on straight leg Making abrupt stops ACL Tear Normal anatomy Anterior cruciate ligament Patella Hyperextension Femur Anterior cruciate ligament tears Tibia Fibula 20 Illustration reproduced with permission from The Body Almanac, Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003 Femur slips ACL Tear Treatment – surgical Incidence of ACL much higher among female athletes Combination 21 of causal factors ACL Tear- Prevention 22 Land safely from jumps Practice cutting maneuvers Use little steps to stop Strengthening exercises Meniscus Tear 23 Helps knee joint carry weight, glide, and turn Twisting injury Football and other contact sports Meniscus Tear Pain Giving way Locking Clicking Swelling 24 Meniscus Tear Normal meniscus 25 Torn meniscus Normal Shoulder 26 Reproduced with permission from Thompson WO, Warren RF, Barnes RP, Hunt S: Shoulder Injuries in Schenck RC (ed): Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, 3rd Edition. Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1999 Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation 27 Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation 28 Intense pain Shoulder looks out of place or locked in certain positions Muscle spasms Bruises, swelling, numbness, weakness Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation 29 Reproduced with permission from: Soft Tissue Trauma, in Bernstein J (ed):Musculoskeletal Medicine. Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003 Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation 30 Closed grip pull-downs Rotation exercises Resistance exercises Surgery Rotator Cuff Tear 31 Rotator Cuff Tear Shoulder pain Worse at night Weakness Catching Limited motion 32 Rotator Cuff Tear Treatment Rest Cold & heat Sling Physical Therapy NSAIDS Injection Surgery 33 Rotator Cuff Tear Prevention Avoid repetitive activities with the arm at shoulder level or higher 34 Stress Fractures Calcaneus Tibia Talus Fibula Lateral malleolus Medial malleolus Talus Ankle joint (tibiotalar joint) Metatarsals Midfoot (tarsals) Phalanges 35 Illustration reproduced with permission from The Body Almanac, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003 Stress Fractures 36 “Micro-cracks” Pain “Overuse” Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 37 Median nerve Transverse carpal ligament Flexor tendons Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Numbness Tingling 38 Clumsiness Pain Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 39 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 40 Splint or brace at night Cortisone injections Anti-inflammatories Surgery to release ligament Distal Radius Fracture 41 Also known as wrist fracture Fall on outstretched hand Snowboarders, skaters Nondisplaced - cast Displaced - surgery Normal Wrist 42 Distal Radius Fracture 43 Wrist Fracture – Cast Care 44 Keep it dry Don’t pull out the padding Don’t stick objects inside Keep dirt, sand & powder out Don’t break off or trim edges Wrist Fracture – Cast Care Signs of trouble: Increased pain & feeling cast is too tight Numbness or tingling in the hand Burning or stinging Excessive swelling in the hands and fingers Loss of active movement of fingers Loosening 45 Overuse Injuries & Boomeritis® Training errors Improper technique Less-than-optimal environment 46 Overuse Injuries 47 Change intensity, duration, frequency Warm up Heat before, ice after Cross train Technique ® Boomeritis Exercise - key, but . . . Bike accidents prevail Mortality > children < 50% wear helmets 48 ® Boomeritis tendinitis bursitis 49 sprains strains Treatment 50 Treatment 51 R.I.C.E. Alter or stop sports activities Physical therapy & medication Surgery may be warranted When to See the Physician Inability to play Decreased ability to play Visible deformity Severe pain 52 Preventing Sports Injuries 53 Know and abide by rules Wear appropriate protective gear Know how to use equipment Never “play through pain” Preventing Sports Injuries Skilled Instruction Wear safety gear! 54 Preventing Sports Injuries Warm up & stretching are two separate steps! 55 Preventing Sports Injuries Warm up: Marching Walking or jogging Mimic the sport 56 Preventing Sports Injuries Stretching: 57 You should NOT feel pain Hold stretch 30 seconds Relax into the stretch Overuse Injuries 10% Rule 58 Don’t Increase Activity by More Than 10% Per Week Resources American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 6300 N. River Road Rosemont, IL 60018 www.orthoinfo.org 59 10 Common Orthopaedic Injuries What are your questions and concerns? 60 10 Common Orthopaedic Injuries Remember, your orthopaedic surgeon can help get you back in the game! 61