Transcript Slide 1

CII
Towards optimising safety
for
CSR and sustainability
PPE – Hand Protection
October 5, 2012
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April 12
Hand Protection
Introduction to Hand protection
Hand injury hazards at work sites
Protection suggested
Glove classification
Standards followed
Case Study
Choosing the right glove
Products from Mallcom
Summary
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•Hands are the chief organs for physically
manipulating the environment, used for both
gross motor skills (such as grasping a large object)
and fine motor skills (such as picking up a small
pebble).
•The fingertips contain some of the densest areas of
nerve endings on the body, are the richest source
of tactile feedback, and have the greatest positioning
capability of the body; thus the sense of touch is
intimately associated with hands.
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The hand
A complex tool
A PERFECT DEXTERITY
The back
The
palm
 27 bones, 40 muscles
 3 nerves
 skin.
 1 Accident over 3
concerns hands
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 Around 8 millions
days of work lost per
year
 40% of the total
work accidents
Hand Hazards can be broadly categorized into
 Mechanical hazards
Cutting
Punctures
Crushing
Cuts
Punctures
Pinches
Rotating
Rotating Equipment
Equipment
Vibrating Equipment
 Environmental Hazards
Extreme Temperatues
Electrical Hazards
Vibrating
Equipment
Pinches
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 Contact with skin irritant substances
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Everyday decontamination
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This guard is bolted
open
Guards must cover the blade and only retract as the blade cuts through
material.
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Miter Saws
Guarding - Point of Operation
This shows a
radial arm
saw equipped
with proper
point of
operation
guards
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The point of operation is where the work is actually
performed on the materials – it must be guarded
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When engineering and work control parameters do not
remove the risk of a hazard ………….
Suggested PPE
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Types of Protection
Gloves
Textile
Leather
Work
Natural
Cotton, Woolen
Driver
Seamless Knitted
Synthetic
Synthetic Yarn
Nylon, Polyester, Aramid
Cut & Sewn
Winter
Welder
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Synthetic Coating
Dotting
Classification on the basis of material
Latex
PVA
UHMWPE
Neoprene
PVC
Butyl
Vinyl
Polyethelene
PU
Material in gloves
1. Leather
FULL
GRAIN
DERME
Types of leather:

Cowhide leather
 Goatskin leather: full grain
leather only
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 (Full) GRAIN leather:
external part of the leather

Advantages : dexterity, comfort and
supplesness
 Pigskin leather: lower price
 SPLIT leather:
Internal part of the skin
Lambskin leather: full grain
leather only
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SPLIT
Advantages : lower cost, excellent resistance
to abrasion
Material in gloves
Tanning transforms the rough natural skin of the animals into leather, which is Rot-Proof and NonPermeable and renders the leather supple.
Grain
The grain layer is the outermost external side where the hair used to
be. This grain-textured layer is regarded as the most expensive.
Split
This layer is the rougher internal side of hide. In the glove industry, it
may be subcategoried as:
Side Split
This came from the back and side portions of the animal.
The hide is densest here, yielding consistently durable
grade leather.
Shoulder Split
This came from the shoulder area where the hide is less
uniform in density and appearance. The result is less
durable, but more affordable leather.
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Belly (Economy) Split
The belly area yields the thinnest and least durable
leather.
Material in gloves
Parts & Types of a leather glove
Driver gloves – Designed to resist
vibration and provide maximum
comfort
Palm
Back
Cuff
Welder gloves are designed to give maximum
protection from heat and metal splashes
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Work gloves are designed to give
comfort and ventilation, well
padded on palm and breathable
back.
Winter gloves are designed to
give good protection from cold
Material in gloves
2. Textile
The needle is the main instrument on a
knitting machine
The gauge represents the numbers of
needles in 1 english inch (= 2,54 cms)
 The higher the gauge is, the finer the
glove is (better dexterity and sensibility)
Gauge
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Material in gloves
Cotton
Natural textile fibre
Resistance to abrasion and
tearing
Elasticity
 washable
Cotton
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Polyester
Synthetic fibre
• Very good resistance to
abrasion and tearing
 Could be blend with
wool and cotton
Similar to Nylon
Polyester
Polyamide
Synthetic fibre
 Very good resistance to
abrasion and tearing
 Elasticity and ergonomic
 Washable
Polyamide
Material in gloves
Knitted support
• The higher the gauge better
dexterity and sensibility.
• More thicker the support
better are the mechanical
performances
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Cut & Sewn support
 The support is thin &
comfortable
 Good resistance to tearing
Flocking support
Powder of cotton inside the glove
 Absorption of
transpiration
 Comfort
Material in gloves
Textile knitted gloves - Dotting
Dotting is a process used which bestows its gloves with a
superior grip, thus improving the quality of the finished
products. The inherent Anti-Slip property of such Dotted
Gloves helps in avoiding untoward accidents. This process
involves the imprinting of PVC dots on the gloves, using an
semi-automatic Rotary Screen Printing Machine
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PPE Regulation
CE standards
Objectives:
1) Understand the importance to wear PPE (Law  Compulsory)
2) Identify the differences between the categories of risks
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EN Regulation
89/656/CEE Users/Employers Directive
 Basis Principles:







To avoid risks
To estimate risks that can not be avoided
To fight against the origin of the risk
To adapt work to worker
To follow technological development
To inform and train workers
To give priority to collective protection
Directive compulsory for all EN Members
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EN Regulation
 The standard defines 3
categories of PPE according to
the level of hazards :
I
II
Minors
Intermediate
X
X
X
Technical
documentation
X
X
X
Self-Certification
X
X
X
Categories
Level
User Information
CE Type
Examination
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Quality Control
System
Mark
III
Irreversible/Mortal
X
89/686/CEE
Manufacturers Directive
 General Requirements for PPE:




Design principles (Ergonomics)
Innocuousness (No risks for user)
Comfort and efficiency
Information Supplied
EN Standards - Gloves
EN 420
This standard defines the general requirements for glove design and construction,
innocuousness, comfort and efficiency, marking and information applicable to all protective gloves.
EN 388
Protection against mechanical hazards is expressed by a pictogram followed by four
numbers (performance levels), each representing test performance against a specific hazard.
EN 407
This standard specifies the test methods and the general requirements, the
classification and the marking of gloves for protection against heat and/or fire (flames, contact
heat, convective heat, radiant heat, small metal splashes or large projections of molten metal).
EN 374
This standard specifies the capability of gloves to protect the user against chemicals
and/or micro-organisms.
EN 511 This standard applies to any gloves to protect the hands against
convective and contact cold down to –50 °C.
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EN 420
Requirements
Glove Construction and Design
•Gloves have to offer the greatest possible
degree of protection in the foreseeable
conditions of end use
•When seams are included, the strength of
these seams should not reduce the overall
performance of the glove.
SIZE AND DIMENSIONS AS PER STANDARD EN420
MIN PALM
WIDTH
SIZE
HAND CIRCUMFERENCE
MIN PALM LENGTH
6
152
76
220
7
178
90
230
8
203
102
240
Innocuousness
9
229
115
250
•The gloves themselves shouldn’t cause any
harm to the user
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254
127
260
•pH of the glove should be between 3.5 and
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279
140
270
9.5
•Chromium (VI) content should be below
detection (less than 3 ppm)
•Natural rubber gloves shall be tested on
Cleaning Instructions
extractable proteins as per EN 455-3.
If care instructions are provided, the levels of performance should not be
reduced after the maximum recommended number of cleaning cycles.
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EN 420
 All products need to meet the requirements in directive
89/686/CEE, clearly identified by a standardized label
 Brand logo
 The product reference;
 The size;
 Information tag indicating that instruction manual is
available for the product;
 The standarization pictogram(s) with their
performance ratings
Typical Example
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EN 388
This standard applies to all kinds of protective gloves in respect of physical
and mechanical aggressions caused by abrasion, blade cut, puncture and
tearing.
Test
abcd
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0
1
2
3
4
5
a. Abrasion resistance (cycles)
< 100
100
500
2000
8000
-
b. Blade cut resistance (factor)
< 1.2
1.2
2.5
5.0
10.0
20.0
c. Tear resistance (newton)
< 10
10
25
50
75
-
d. Puncture resistance (newton)
< 20
20
60
100
150
-
TEARING RESISTANCE TEST
ABRASION RESISTANCE TEST
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CUTTING RESISTANCE TEST
0-4
0-4
0-4
0-4
0-4
0-4
EN 407
a b cb d e f
a - Resistance to flammability:
based on the length of time the material continues to burn
and glow after the source of ignition is removed. The seams
of the glove shall not come apart after an ignition time of 15
seconds.
b - Contact heat resistance:
based on the temperature range (100-500 °C) at which the
user will feel no pain for at least 15 seconds. If an EN level 3
or higher is obtained, the product shall record at least EN
level 3 in the flammability test. Otherwise, the maximum
Contact heat level shall be reported as level 2.
c - Convective heat resistance:
based on the length of time the glove is able to delay the
transfer of heat from a flame. A level of performance shall
only be mentioned if a performance level3 or 4 is obtained in
the flammability test.
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0-4
0-4
0-4
0-4
0-4
0-4
EN 407
a b c d efe f
d - Radiant heat resistance:
based on the length of time the glove is able to delay the
transfer of heat when exposed to a radiant heat source. A
performance level shall only be mentioned if a performance level
3 or 4 is obtained in the flammability test.
e - Resistance to small splashes of molten metal:
the number of molten metal drops required to heat the glove
sample to a given level. A performance level shall only be
mentioned if a performance level 3 or 4 is obtained in the
flammability test.
f - Resistance to large splashes of molten metal:
the weight of molten metal required to cause smoothing or
pinholing across a simulated skin placed directly behind the
glove sample. The test is failed if metal droplets remain stuck to
the glove material or if the specimen ignites.
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EN 374
EN 374-1: 2003
- Protective Gloves against microorganisms and chemical risks
EN 374-1: 2003
- Terminology and required performances
EN 374-2: 2003
- Resistance to penetration (1 to 3)
EN 374-3: 2003
- Resistance to permeation (0 to 6)
To carry the chemical pictogram,
products must now meet at
least level 2 of EN 374-2 as well as a performance level 2 when
tested against three of the following chemicals;
For gloves that only meet at least level 2 of EN 374-2, the
following pictogram should be used.
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EN 374
abc
The ‘Chemical resistant’ glove
pictogram must be accompanied
by a 3-digit code. This code refers
to the code letters of 3 chemicals
(from a list of 12 standard
defined chemicals), for which a
breakthrough time of at least 30
minutes has been obtained.
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Code
Letter
Chemical
Cas Number
Class
A
Methanol
67-56-1
Primary alcohol
B
Acetone
67-64-1
Ketone
C
Acetonitrile
75-05-8
Nitrile Compound
D
Dichloromethane
75-09-2
Chlorinated paraffin
E
Carbone disulphide
75-15-0
Sulphur containing organic compound
F
Toluene
108-88-3
Aromatic hydrocarbon
G
Diethylamine
109-89-7
Amine
H
Tetrahydrofurane
109-99-9
Heterocyclic and ether compound
I
Ethyl acetate
141-78-6
Ester
J
n-Heptane
142-82-5
Saturated hydrocarbon
K
Sodium hydroxide 40%
1310-73-2
Inorganic base
L
Sulphuric acid 96%
7664-93-9
Inorganic mineral acid
The ‘Micro-organism’ pictogram is to be used when the glove conforms
to at least a performance level 2 for the Penetration test.
EN 511
•This standard applies to any gloves to protect the hands against convective and
contact cold down to –50 °C.
The ‘cold hazard’ pictogram is accompanied by a 3-digit number:
a. Resistance to convective cold (performance level 0 - 4)
b. Resistance to contact cold (performance level 0 - 4)
c. Permeability by water (0 or 1)
abc
All gloves must achieve at least Performance level 1 for abrasion and tear.
a - Resistance to convective cold:
based on the thermal insulation properties of the glove which are obtained by
measuring the transfer of cold via convection.
b - Resistance to contact cold:
based on the thermal resistance of the glove material when exposed to contact
with a cold object.
c - Permeability by water:
0 = water penetration after 30 minutes of exposure; 1 = no water penetration.
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Choosing the right glove
Typical Use
•Delicate operations
•General handling
•Heavy duty
•Clean room
•Multi-purpose
•Chemical handling
•Laboratory work
•Medical examination
•Food use
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Risks to be covered
•Oils
•Chemicals
•Cuts
•Micro-cuts
•Static electricity
•Hydrocarbons
•Heavy perspiration
•Abrasion
•Tears
•Slips
•Heat & cold
•Chemical splashes
•Viruses and bacteria
Task
Hazard
Protection
Lab work, medical, light
mechanical operations
Mild irritants
Disposable gloves
Lab work, light mechanical gloves
Slippery objects, mild heat or cold
Fabric Gloves
Welding, plasma cutting, brazing,
grinding
Sparks or scraping against rough
surfaces, electricity
Leather gloves (Used in
combination with an
insulating liner when working
with electricity)
Cutting or working with other
sharp instruments
Cuts and scratches
Metal mesh gloves
Working with molten materials
Intense heat
Aluminized gloves
Working with corrosive chemicals
Corrosive oils and solvents
Chemical resistant gloves
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Summary
Hands are a precious asset to guide
our next generation. Guard them
against all odds.
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Thank you!
Preeti Mall
Mallcom (India) Ltd.
E-mail : [email protected]
Toll free : 1-800 3 45 46 47
Images – Courtsey National Safety Council
Wikipedia
OSHAX.org - The Unofficial Guide To the OSHA
www.charleshowes.com
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