Transcript Document

Light Sport Aircraft
Airworthiness Requirements
SAAA Authorised Persons Familiarisation training
Southport Queensland
23 September 2006
Uncontrolled Document
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What is an LSA
• New category of aircraft (does not replace any other
existing category)
– Existing registered aircraft are NOT applicable
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Production or kit built (no 51% rule)
MTOW 600 kg (650 kg for sea planes)
Max 2 person
Single engine – Non turbine
Certificated by the manufacturer
Continuing airworthiness controlled by the manufacturer
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LSA Project History
• FAA issues NPRM 31 January 2002
• CASA initiates LSA Project October 2002
• CASA NPRM issued June 25 2003
– 27 responses received
– Overall positive response to the proposal
• FAA LSA aircraft rule commences Sept 1 2004
– ASTM standards not available until March
2005
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LSA Project History
• LSA Project Team conducted a Safety Risk Analysis
of the draft regulations
• Advisory Circulars published for comment on CASA
website July 2005
– AC 21-41 LSA CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS
• http://www.casa.gov.au/rules/1998casr/021/021c41.pdf
– AC 21-42 LSA MANUFACTURER’S REQUIREMENTS
• http://www.casa.gov.au/rules/1998casr/021/021c42.pdf
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LSA Project History
• Amendments to CASRs made 15 December 2005
– LSA aircraft eligible to operate under VH
registration
• Amendments to CAO made 3 January 2006
– LSA aircraft eligible to operate under the sports
organisations (RAA, HGFA, ASRA)
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Light Sport Aircraft Airworthiness Project
Team
• CASA staff
• Industry representation
– Sports organisations
– Manufacturers
– Other specialists,
• Authorised Persons, Reg 35 engineers.
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Light Sport Aircraft Definition
• MTOW 600Kg
– 650Kg for seaplanes
– Lighter-than-air gross weight of 560kg
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2 person
Unpressurised cabin
Stall speed 45 knots Vso
Single engine non-turbine
Fixed undercarriage
– Except glider may have retractable
– Amphibian may have repositionable landing gear
• If glider Vne of 135 CAS
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Variation with FAA definition
• Stall speed
– VS0 45 knots (CASR)
• Stall speed with flaps
– VS1 45 knots (FAA)
• Stall speed in clean configuration
• Never exceed speed Vne for glider
– 120 knots (FAA)
– 135 knots (CASR)
• Propeller
– Fixed pitch or ground adjustable (FAA)
– No requirements (CASR)
• Lighter-than-air
– 560 kg (CASR)
– 300 kg (FAA)
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Light Sport Aircraft Categories
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Fixed Wing
Weight Shift
Powered Parachutes
Gyroplanes
Gliders
Lighter-Than-Air
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What is not an LSA
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Hang gliders
Para gliders
Multi-engine aircraft
Helicopters
Complex aircraft
– Retractable undercarriages
– Turbine engine
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Benefits of LSA
• Purchase costs reduced.
• Improves the entry process for LSA.
• Potential export markets.
– Estimated USA market will be 6,500 aircraft in next 5 years and
800 a year after that.
– Enables Australian manufacturers to have access to USA LSA
market.
• CASA’s minimal involvement.
– More staff available for higher priority work.
– Regulatory responsibilities and requirements transferred to the
manufacturer.
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Responsibilities
• Manufacturer responsible for
– Certification
• Shows compliance with LSA standards
– Continuing airworthiness.
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Approval of major repairs/modifications
Assessment of defects
Issue of Service Directives
Issue of Service Bulletins etc
Database of aircraft owners
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Responsibilities
• CASA responsible for
– approving LSA standards
• Participate with industry in periodically reviewing
LSA standards
– Overseeing authorised persons who issue
certificates of airworthiness
– Registration of aircraft if CASA registered.
– Impose conditions or directions, if necessary,
in the interests of safety.
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Responsibilities
• Authorised Persons responsible for
– Verifying manufacturer’s statement of
compliance
– Ensuring operating instructions, maintenance
manuals etc are available
– Inspecting the aircraft is in a condition for safe
operation
– Issuing a special certificate of airworthiness.
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Responsibilities
• Operator of a Production LSA is responsible for
ensuring
– The maintenance and inspections are in accordance
with the manufacturer’s requirements.
– All major repairs, modifications and maintenance are
approved by the manufacturer
– The aircraft is operated in accordance with the
manufacturer’s operating instructions
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Responsibilities
• Operator of a Production LSA is responsible for
ensuring (cont’d)
– All manufacturer’s service directives are carried out
– The aircraft has a warning placard and passengers
are informed of the warning
– Applicable equipment ADs (if any) are complied with.
• RAA aircraft exempt from ADs (covered by technical manual)
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Proposed amendments to
regulations
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CASR Part 21 Amendment
– Enable qualified LSA manufacturers to certify
aircraft complies with LSA standards
• design, quality assurance, production testing and
continuing airworthiness.
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CASR Part 21 Amendment
– Enable CASA or an Authorised Person (AP) to
issue a special airworthiness certificate for
production LSA.
– Enable CASA or an AP to issue an experimental
certificate for kit built LSA
• Must be produced by a manufacturer of
production aircraft.
– Cannot produce a one off kit built aircraft
– There is no 51% rule for kit LSA
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Qualified Manufacturer
• Has a current production certificate for an
aircraft ; or
• Has made a written declaration indicating
– Contracted an experienced engineer in light
aircraft design
– Suitable facility and tools
– Trained, experienced and skilled staff
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LSA Standards
• Consist of
– ASTM consensus standards (approved by FAA)
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design,
quality assurance,
production acceptance test and
continued operational safety system
– Other acceptable design standards
• JAR VLA, BCARS etc
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ASTM standards
• FAA asked ASTM to facilitate consensus
standards for LSA
• Committee of manufacturers, aviation
sports bodies and regulators.
• Each aircraft category responsible for
developing their own standards
• So far 27 standards have been issued
– Listed in Advisory Circular 21-42
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LSA Certificate of Airworthiness
• Two types of Certificate
– Special Certificate of Airworthiness for LSA
• Production Aircraft
– Experimental Certificate for LSA
• Kit built aircraft
• Production aircraft that do not comply with
Continuing AW requirements
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Production LSA
• Special C of A is issued if:
– Aircraft manufactured by a qualified LSA manufacturer
– Applicant gives CASA or AP
• Statement of compliance signed by the manufacturer
• Aircraft operating instructions, maintenance and inspection
procedures and flight training supplement issued by the
manufacturer
– These are returned to the applicant
• If manufactured overseas
– Aircraft manufactured in a Contracting State and is eligible for a C of A
– CASA or AP finds the aircraft in a condition for safe operation
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Statement of Compliance
• Aircraft make, model, serial number and date of
manufacture
• Aircraft complies with LSA standards for
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Design
Manufacture
Production acceptance testing
Continuing airworthiness
• Make available operating instructions, maintenance and
inspection manual and flight training manual
• Aircraft is manufactured by a qualified manufacturer
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Conditions for Special C of A for
LSA
• The special C of A LSA stops being in
force
– If a major modification/repair is not
authorised
• by the manufacturer or
• by a person appointed by CASA if the
manufacturer no longer exists
– If the aircraft does not comply with the LSA
standards
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Modifications
• ASTM Maintenance Standard, F2483 -05,
defines any repair, alteration or maintenance for
which instructions to complete the task are
excluded from the maintenance manual(s)
supplied to the consumer are considered major.
• Major repairs, alterations etc must be approved
by the manufacturer.
– This includes CAR 35 modifications.
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Experimental LSA
• Experimental Certificate under CASR
21.191(j) - Kit built aircraft
• Manufacturer’s statement of compliance
• Assembly instruction from the manufacturer.
• Operating instructions, aircraft maintenance and
inspection procedures and flight training
supplement
• The same make and model as a production aircraft
• Must satisfy the LSA definition
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Experimental LSA
• Experimental Certificate under CASR 21.191(k)
– These production aircraft that no longer satisfy the
LSA requirement applicable for Special C of A
• Not complied with Manufacturer’s CAW requirements, or
• Not complied with safety directives or
• Has unauthorised modifications
– Must still satisfy the LSA definition
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Airworthiness Directives
• In general, CASA will not issue ADs for
LSA models.
• Some specific ADs may still be applicable
to VH registered aircraft
– Aeronautical products
• Type certificate engines and propellers
• Equipment such as transponders, flight
instruments, radio and navigational
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CAO amendments
• Amendments to CAO 95 series have been
issued to allow the sport organisations to
operate
– Production LSA and
– Kit LSA.
• These requirements mirror the LSA
requirements in CASR Part 21
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Operating limitations
• Experimental/kit LSA Category
– No change to current Experimental kit
limitations
• Production aircraft
– Private operations
– Flight training
– Glider towing
– Hire
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Operating limitations Production LSA
• Must not operate unless
– Maintenance has been carried out IAW
manufacturer’s requirements
• Maintenance CAO 95.56 exempts certain requirements in the
regulation for VH aircraft only.
– Aircraft inspected every 12 months
• If undergoing flight training, hire etc every 100 hours
– All major mods/repairs authorised by the
manufacturer
– Placard warning is displayed and each passenger is
informed of the warning
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Operating limitations Production LSA
• Unless approved by the manufacturer the
aircraft must not be operated contrary to
– the operating instructions
– Safety Direction issued by the manufacturer
• This has the same affect as an AD
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Operating limitations Production LSA
• CASA may impose additional operating
limitations in the interests of safety
– CASA must give this to each registered
operator of the aircraft
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Operating limitations Production aircraft
• In the case that a manufacturer no longer
exists
– Major modifications/repairs, safety directives,
maintenance and inspection procedures can
be issued by a person appointed by CASA.
– If no person is appointed by CASA, these
aircraft will have to operate under an
experimental certificate
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Process for operating an LSA
under RAA
• Purchase a Light Sport Aircraft
– Production
– Kit
• Make sure the manufacturer/distributor supplies
– A Statement of Compliance signed by the
manufacturer
– Operating Manual
– Maintenance manual
– Flight test supplement
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Process for operating an LSA
under RAA
• Register the Aircraft with RAA
• Fill out an application for a C of A
• Contact an Authorised person to issue the CofA
– Authorised person will need to ensure it complies with the LSA
requirements and is in a safe condition for operation.
– If it is a kit the AP also needs to ensure that a production aircraft
of the same make and model has been issued with a special C
of A.
• The AP issues a C of A
• Go fly the aircraft
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