Transcript PowerPoint Template

Ubiquitous Sensor Network
Technology
Prof. Ki-Hyung Kim
[email protected]
Ajou University, Korea
Contents
Standardization of Wireless Sensor
Networks
 IETF, SP100, WirelessHART, ZigBee, IEEE 802
Overview IP-USN Research and
Development
1
Overview of Wireless Sensor Network Technologies
Honeywell
Wireless
HART
TrueMesh
Znet
ISA SP100.11a
Smart
mesh
Internet
MintRoute
Xmesh
MultiHop LQI
CENS Route
TinyAODV
L2N
L2N
2
IEEE 802.15
IEEE 802.15 Task Group
< 2008.02 >
802.15 WG for WPAN
Secretary
Publicity Committee
SC wng
TG 1
Study Groups
Task Groups
TG 2
TG 3
TG 4
TG 3a
TG 4a
TG 3b
TG 4b
TG 3c
TG 4c
TG 5
TG6
Standing
Committee
finish
Withdrawn
TG 4d
Working TG
TG4e
4
IEEE 802 WG15 Overview
IEEE 802.15
 15th working group of the IEEE 802 which specializes in Wireless PAN
(Personal Area Network) standards










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

TG1 : Bluetooth based WPAN (finished)
TG2 : Coexistence of WLAN and WPAN (finished)
TG3 : High Rate WPAN (finished)
TG3a : TG3 based Alternative PHY (withdraw)
TG3b : TG3 based MAC Amendment (finished)
TG3c : TG3 based Millimeter Wave Alternative PHY (in progress)
TG4 : Low rate WPAN (finished)
TG4a : TG4 Alternative PHY (finished)
TG4b : TG4 based Revision (finished)
TG4c : TG4 based Chinese amendment PHY (in progress)
TG4d : TG4 based Japan amendment PHY (in progress)
TG5 : TG3 & TG4 based Mesh networking (in progress)
TG6 : Body Area Network (in progress)
5
ZigBee
Zigbee Organization
7
Present Status of ZigBee Alliance
Specification : ZigBee Pro (2007)
 Balloted Specification
 PRO Features
• Features removed from ZigBee-2006 in PRO
– CSKIP address assignment
– Tree routing (table routing remains)
• Features added to PRO
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Mesh network routing
Stochastic address assignment/address conflict resolution
Many to one routing/Source routing
Multicast
Frequency Agility
Fragmentation/Re-assembly
Link Status/Symmetric routes
8
Present Status of ZigBee Alliance
 ZigBee Network Topologies and Routing
 Cluster tree networks provide for a beaconing multi-hop
network
 Mesh network routing permits path formation from any source
device to any destination device via a path formed by routing
packets through neighbors
 ZigBee Routing employs both Mesh Routing and Cluster Tree
Routing
• Routing by default will employ mesh and can fall back to cluster
tree if a route error is generated on the packet
9
Advantages of IP-based Sensor Networks
 상호운용성(Interoperability)
인터넷상의 다른 디바이스 (WiFi, Ethernet, WiBro, Wireless Mesh,
HSDPA 등으로 연결가능)
 이미 검증된 보안(Security) 기술
 인증(Authentication), 접근제어(access control), and
방화벽(firewall)
 Network design
 이미 검증된 응용계층 모델 및 서비스 (Established Application
model and service
 소켓 API 기반의 센서 개발
 DNS, SLP
 통합 네트워크 관리기술 (Integrated Network Management)
 Ping, Traceroute, SNMP등
 전달계층 프로토콜 (Transport Protocols)
 End-to-End Reliable streaming
10
6lowpan Node Architecture
SNMP Mngmt
Service Naming &
Discovery
Sensor App
Socket-lite API
TCP/UDP
IP
ICMP
Adaptation Layer
Fragmentation
/Reassembly
Commissioning
& Bootstrapping
ND
Optimization
Mesh
Routing
IEEE 802.15.4 (a,b)
Sensor Node Hardware
11
Standardization
Activities in IETF
6lowpan Node Architecture
SNMP Mngmt
Service Naming &
Discovery
Sensor App
Socket-lite API
TCP/UDP
IP
ICMP
Adaptation Layer
Fragmentation
/Reassembly
Commissioning
& Bootstrapping
ND
Optimization
Mesh
Routing
IEEE 802.15.4 (a,b)
Sensor Node Hardware
13
6lowpan Standardization Activities
 Rechartering Stage
 1. Produce "6LoWPAN Bootstrapping and 6LoWPAN IPv6 ND Optimizations“


to define limited extensions to IPv6 Neighbor Discovery [RFC4861] for use specifically in
low-power networks. This document (or documents) will define how to bootstrap a
6LoWPAN network and explore ND optimizations such as reusing the structure of the
802.15.4 network (e.g., by using the coordinators), and reduce the need for multicast by
having devices talk to coordinators (without creating a single point-of-failure, or changing
the semantics of the IPv6 ND multicasts).
This document or documents will be a proposed standard.
 2. Produce "Problem Statement for Stateful Header Compression in 6LoWPANs"


to document the problem of using stateful header compression (2507, ROHC) in
6LoWPANs. Currently 6LoWPAN only specifies the use of stateless header compression
given the assumption that stateful header compression may be too complex. This
document will determine if the assumption is correct and describe where the problems are.
This document will be informational.
14
6lowpan Standardization Activities
 3. Produce "6LoWPAN Architecture"

to describe the design and implementation of 6LoWPAN networks. This document will
cover the concepts of "Mesh Under" and "Route Over", 802.15.4 design issues such as
operation with sleeping nodes, network components (both battery-and line-powered),
addressing, and IPv4/IPv6 network connections. As a spin-off from that document, “
 6LoWPAN Routing Requirements" will describe 6LoWPAN-specific requirements

on routing protocols used in 6LoWPANs, addressing both the "route-over" and "meshunder" approach.
Both documents will be informational.
 4. Produce "Use Cases for 6LoWPAN"
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
to define, for a small set of applications with sufficiently unique requirements, how
6LoWPANs can solve those requirements, and which protocols and configuration variants
can be used for these scenarios. The use cases will cover protocols for transport,
application layer, discovery, configuration and commissioning.
This document will be informational.
15
6lowpan Standardization Activities
 5. Produce "6LoWPAN Security Analysis"


to define the threat model of 6LoWPANs, to document suitability of existing key
management schemes and to discuss bootstrapping/installation/commissioning/setup
issues. This document will be referenced from the "security considerations" of the other
6LoWPAN documents.
This document will be informational.
16
IETF RL2N BOF
RL2N WG Charter: Overview Work Items
1. Produce use cases documents for Industrial, Connected
Home, Building and urban application networks.
•
•
Describe the use case and the associated routing protocol
requirements.
The documents will progress in collaboration with the 6lowpan
Working Group (INT area).
2. Survey the applicability of existing protocols to L2Ns:
analyze the scaling and characteristics of existing
protocols and identify whether or not they meet the
routing requirements of the L2Ns applications.
•
Existing IGPs, MANET, NEMO, DTN routing protocols will be part
of evaluation.
18
RL2N WG Charter: Overview Work Items (2)
3.
Specification of routing metrics used in path
calculation.
•
4.
Provide an architectural framework for routing and
path selection at Layer 3 (Routing for L2N
Architecture)
•
•
5.
This includes static and dynamic link/nodes attributes required
for routing in L2Ns.
Decide whether the L2Ns routing protocol require a distributed,
centralized path computation models or both.
Decide whether the L2N routing protocol requires a hierarchical
routing approach.
Produce a security framework for routing in L2Ns.
19
Interaction with other WGs
 6lowpan: working on L2Ns over 802.15.4
 MANET: we may be end up using some (adapted) MANET protocols
if the WG think that they satisfy the requirements
 Other industry forums and SDOs.
 Zigbee,
 ITU,
 Bluetooth,
20
Wireless HART
Industrial Automation Background
 Very important functionality
 60 million installed process control sensors
 4 million shipping per year
 ~50% are “smart” today – wired networks
 HART
 Most popular wired sensor network protocol
 HART 1: 1,200 baud digital comm over 4-20mA loops
 Wireless HART
• Ratified as a part of HART7 September 2007
• 802.15.4 based
• Announced vendors: ABB, Emerson, Siemens, …
• Multi-hop Mesh networking
 SP100 wireless
 Draft standard in 2008
 Adopted 6LoWPAN, but defining own routing, transport
 Wireless HART and SP100 are a hybrid of circuit and packet switched
 IEEE 802.15.4E WG created to standardize
22
Examples of Data flows
1.
Low frequency data collection
 1/s to 1/hour; typically < 1/min
 Latency comparable to sample interval
 Typically <50B
 Some time series >10kB
2. Alarms
 <50B
3. Log file upload
 1/day, 1/year
 10kB ..1MB
4. Human diagnostic query/response
 Mean latency important
5. Feedback control
 Max latency important
 Latency from minutes to <1ms (infeasible w/ 15.4 radios)
 Often all of these will be operating in different parts of the
network
23
ISA SP100.11a
Intro to ISA100
ISA100 – Wireless Systems for Industrial
Automation and Process Control
ISA100.11a
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-
Wireless sensor and controls network
Utilizing 802.15.4
DLL provides mesh network using hybrid CSMA and TDMA
Using 6LoWPAN/IPv6/UDPv6 and TFTP
Backbone router inter-connects DLL subnets
25
ISA100.11 reference model
Backbone
Router
DLL subnet
Gateway
(ALG)
Plant
Network
System
Manager
Security
Manager
26
Routing to a Gateway on Backbone
The SP100.11a network is a single
link. Link local addresses can be used
to reach any mote.
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Multi-floor building example with single DLL subnet
28
Packet flow to the gateway with IPv6
29
Plant
Network
Transit
Network
A
Binding update
A
G/W
Backbone
Router
NS(A) multicast
NA(A) : BR1’s MAC @
Backbone
Router 1
Security
Manager
System
Manager
B
A via BR2
Binding update
NA(A): BR2’s MAC @
NS(A) unicast
B
Backbone
Router 2
A via BR1
DLL subnet
ISA100.11a Network
30
IP-USN Research and
Development in Korea
Major Characteristics of IP-USN
 High Interoperability
 Seamless Connectivity to Internet (IPv4/v6 support)
 WiFi, Wireless Mesh, Ethernet, IEEE 802.15.4, RIP, OSPF
 High Reliability
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Automatic Faulty Router Detection and Network Recovery
MAC-assisted End-to-End Transport Protocol (mTCP)
Automatic State Restoration after Reboot
Multi-Router Support
 High Scalability
 Multi-Router Interworking
 Scalable Tree-based Routing Protocol (HiLow)
 Mesh Routing Protocol
 Easy Configuration
 Automatic Neighbor Discovery
 IPv6 Autoconfiguration
 Plug & Sensing Capability
 Management
 SNMP-based Management, ping
 Web-based Monitoring and Management
32
High Interoperability
Seamless Connectivity to Internet (IPv6/v4)
 Support various interfaces
• WIFI, Ethernet, Wireless Mesh, IEEE 802.15.4
 Support Internet standard routing protocol
• RIP, OSPF
 Interoperability test with KOREN
2001:2b8:f2:2::3
DWDM/OADM
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
ATM Switch
서
울
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
Router
Gigabit Switch
2001:2b8:f2:2::3
35Gbps
2.5Gbps
155Mbps
수
원
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
대
전
2001:2b8:f2:2::3
대
구
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
2001:2b8:f2:2::3
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
광
주
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
2001:2b8:f2:2::3
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
33
High Reliability
 Multi-Router Interworking
 Automatic Fault Detection and Network Recovery of 6lowpan routers and
6lowpan nodes
34
Bootstrapping and Commissioning Protocol with Multiple
Routers
35
Bootstrapping and Commissioning Protocol with Multiple
Routers
 Sensor node list on the console of multiple routers
36
High Reliability (2)
 MAC-assisted End-to-End Transport Protocol (mTCP)
 Reduce redundant re-transmission with MAC support
Server
6lowpan
Internet
37
High Scalability (1)
 Large scale sensor network design
 Wireless Subnet
Wireless Subnet A
Wireless Subnet B
Wireless Subnet C
Wireless Subnet D
38
High Scalability (2)
Scalable Tree-based routing protocol
(HiLow)




No routing table required
Simple Implementation
Robust 1-hop tree restructuring to link failures
Short-cut routing support
39
Easy Configuration
 DHCP support
 Automatic neighbor discovery (IPv6 address
autoconfiguration, short address assignment,
Application profile)
 Plug and Sense (PnS) Support
 Main technology in Web-based Sensor Service Portal
 Zero-Configuration to connect to the Internet and my Server
• Plug and Sense support in especially DHCP environment
• User Permission Management
40
IP-USN Network Management System
41
SNMP based Network Management
•
6LoWPAN Management
– Network Monitoring
•
•
•
SNMP
–
Topology Monitoring
–
Sensor Node Management
Manager
Internet
Network Status Monitoring
PAN ID, Channel
Network Size (Number of Nodes, IPv6 Prefix
information)
•
•
•
Network Topology Monitoring
Neighbor Table Information
Routing Table Information
•
•
•
•
•
Node Information
16bit, 64bit, IPv6 Address
Device type, Sensor type, H/W version
S/W profile, OS, MAC/PHY, Adaptation version
Battery status
Router
SNM
e
P lit
6lowpan
SNMP-Lite
Agent
MIB
42
Web-based Sensor Network Management
 Management
 Configuration Management
•
•
•
•
Topology Management
Device Management
Topology Registration
Device Registration
 Fault Management
 Security Management
• User Management*
• Permission Management*
 Power Management**
 Performance Management*
 Accounting Management**
43
Web-based Sensor Network Monitoring
 Sensor Data Monitoring




Realtime Data Monitoring
History Data Monitoring
General Log
Alarm Log
44
IP-USN MIB (1/3)
 LowPan Module
File
lowPan
Variable
Description
lowpanPanId
센서노드가 속한 PAN의 번호
lowpanChannel
센서 노드가 사용하는 채널
lowpanRoutingAlgorithm
현재 사용중인 라우팅 알고리즘
lowpanCompression
패킷 압축 여부
lowpanSupportExtended
EUI64주소를 이용한 라우팅 가능여부
 LowPanRoutingTable Module
File
Variable
Description
lowpanRouteEUI64Address
라우팅 엔트리를 소유한 센서 노드의 EIU64 주소
lowpanRouteID
라우팅테이블에서 해당 Entry의 순차 번호
lowpanRouteDestAddress
최종 목적지주소
lowpanRouteNextHopAddress
최종 목적지를 위한 다음 목적지주소
lowPanRoutingTable
45
page 45
IP-USN MIB (2/3)
 LowPanNodeInfo Table Module
File
lowPanNodeInfoTable
Variable
Description
lowpanNodeEUI64Address
노드의 EUI64 주소
lowpanNodeAssociationPermit
센서노드가 티 노드의 Association을 받아 들일수 있는지에대한 값
lowpanNodeMaxChildren
최대로 가질수 있는 자식 노드의 수
lowpanNodeBeaconOrder
비콘 오더
lowpanNodeSuperframeOrder
슈퍼 프레임 오더
lowpanNodeBattery
배터리 상태 (현재는 0x64 고정)
lowpanNodeHwVersion
하드웨어 버전
lowpanNodeOsVersion
소프트웨어 버전
lowpanNodeRtEntryCount
센서노드가 가질수 있는 최대 라우팅 엔트리의 수
lowpanNodeNtEntryCount
센서노드가 가질수 있는 최대 네이버 엔트리의 수
lowpanNodeMaxHopCount
패킷의 TTL 범위
lowpanNodeRole
노드의 타입 (0: 코디네이터 1:라우터노드 2 : 브릿지 노드)
lowpanNodeIp6Addr
노드에 할당된 IPV6주소
lowpanNodeShortAddress
노드에 할당된 ShortAddress
lowpanNodeAlive
노드에 Alive 상태
46
page 46
IP-USN MIB (3/3)
 LowPanNodeInfo Table Module
File
Variable
Description
lowpanNeighborEUI64Address
네이버 엔트리를 소유한 센서 노드의 EIU64 주소
lowpanNeighborPanID
네이버의 PAN ID
lowpanNeighborNEUI64Address
네이버의 EUI64 주소
lowpanNeighborShortAddress
네이버의 ShortAddress
lowpanNeighborDeviceType
네이버의 Device Type
lowpanNeighborPermitJoin
네이버의 PermitJoin
lowpanNeighborLogicalChannel
네이버의 Logical 채널
lowpanNeighborValidated
네이버 Validated
lowPanNeighborTable
47
page 47
Management with Commercial SNMP NMS System
48
page 48
Web-based USN Management & Monitoring
49
Design of IP-USN Router/Node
50
50
6lowpan Node Architecture
SNMP Mngmt
Service Naming
Sensor APP
Socket-lite-API
TCP / UDP
ICMP
IP
Adaptation Layer
Fragmentation
/ Reassembly
Commissioning &
Bootstrapping
ND Optimization
Mesh Routing
IEEE 802.15.4(a,b)
Sensor Node Hardware
51
6lowpan Router Architecture
IPv4 & IPv6 Dual
Adaptation
Ethernet
Wibro
WiFi
MAC
PHY
MAC
PHY
MAC
PHY
내부
압축
Proxy
외부
압축
ND
SSLP
TA
GAR
MA
LoWPAN
MAC / PHY
Internet
IP-USN
52
Specification of IP-USN Router
HW Spec
SW Spec
Main Core
AT91SAM9260, 180MHz /32bit
IP-USN Sensor Node Device Driver
Memory
16MB Serial Data Flash / 64MB SDRAM
WiBro Device Driver
Ethernet Port
10/100Base-T 1 Port
WiBro Connection Manager
WiBro Module
WiBro Module, USB Type
USIM Card Slot
WiFi Device Driver
WiFi Module
802.11 b/g, USB Type
USB Host Device Driver
Console
RS-232 1 Port
Debug Serial
Port
RS-232 1 Port, Internal
Power
5VDC Input
Battery
NiMH 2200mAh Battery Pack
Low Battery detection circuit
기타
Atmel Internal Watch Dog
Dimensions
167(W)X140(L)X35.5 (T) (mm)
53
53
WiBro Specification
WiBro Specification
Standards
IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX / WiBro
WiBro support
PHY IOT Profiles
TDD, 8.75Mhz BandWith, OFDMA
MIMO(2X1)
MISO( 2 Receiver and single
Transmitter) and H-ARQ
Frequency
2.3GHz ~ 2.4 GHz
IEEE 802.16-2004 & IEEE 802.16e-2005
RX Diversity Support for Mobile WiMAX / WiBro
Downlink : 10 Mbps (max)
Max. Throughput
Uplink : 4 Mbps (max)
Interface
USB2.0 High Speed or 4-Bit mode SDIO Interface
Connector
Board to Board 60Pin connector
Host Interface
54
page 54
Outlook of IP-USN Router
55
page 55
Block Diagram of IP-USN Router
56
page 56
WiBro 다이어그램
57
page 57
PCB Layout of IP-Router
WiBro Module
Block
Ethernet
Block
WiFi
Block
IP-USN
Block
WiBro
UISM
Slot
MPU
Block
58
page 58
Service discovery with SLP(Service
Location Protocol)
59
SLP-based Service discovery
Pervasiveness
Context-aware Discovery
- Context-based ranking
Semantic Discovery
- Semantic representation & Matching
Discovery in ad-hoc Network
- Mobility, Minimizing cost
Discovery in Large-scale network
- Structured Architecture (e.g. DHT)
Discovery in LAN
- JINI, UPnP, SLP, Salutation
Static Discovery Service
- X.500, LDAP
Time
60
Contents
Standardization of Wireless Sensor
Networks
 IETF, SP100, WirelessHART, ZigBee, IEEE 802
Overview IP-USN Research and
Development
61