Transcript Writing Effectively
Speaking Effectively
Overview
• • • • What is the purpose of learning to speak effectively?
How do you prepare to speak?
What are the types of speaking?
What are methods of presentation?
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Overview
• What are ways of organizing a presentation?
• What are ways to use visual support?
• What are presentation skills?
• Why is it important to practice your speech?
• Giving your speech Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Quick Write
Think about a change you’d make in your school if you were in charge Write down your idea in a sentence and list three or four good reasons why you’d make that change if you could Then arrange the supporting points as you would if you had to make a short speech in class about your suggested change
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Speaking
• Speaking to an audience in public is one of the oldest forms of human communication • An
orator
is someone who is known for his or her skill and power as a public speaker Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Photo courtesy of Clipart.com
Fear of Public Speaking
• Speaking in front of a group is by far most people’s greatest fear • The ability to speak well in front of a group is one of the qualities people admire most • It is an ability that will serve you well Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Photo courtesy of Comstock Images
Fear of Public Speaking
• The person who can communicate ideas clearly has a greater chance of personal and professional success • Chances are that someone will eventually ask you to speak before an audience • Learning the fundamentals of speaking can help you conquer your fear Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Six Steps for Effective Communication
Fight for feedback Draft and edit Organize and outline Support your ideas Research your topic Analyze purpose and audience
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Purpose and Audience
• • Know what your purpose is: – To
inform
– To
persuade
– To
entertain
Analyze the listeners in your audience – Background, expectations, knowledge of topic – Use everyday language Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Types of Speaking
•
Briefings
present information quickly and concisely •
Lectures
are used to teach new material •
Speeches
are given in a variety of situations Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Briefing
• A briefing’s purpose is to
inform
—to tell about a mission, operation, or concept • Briefings also
direct
—enable listeners to perform a procedure or carry out instructions • Or they
persuade
—support a certain solution and lead listeners to accept that solution Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Always be:
A B Cs of Briefing
CCURATE RIEF LEAR Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Graphics courtesy of Clipart.com
Lecture
•
In a lecture, most of the speaking is directed toward teaching
– In
formal lectures
, the communication is generally one-sided –
Informal lectures
allow for verbal interaction between instructor and students Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Photo courtesy of Clipart.com
Speeches
To Inform
use the same kind of organization and support materials as lectures do
Entertaining
speeches may rely heavily on humor and getting people’s attention
Persuasive
speeches are characterized by an appeal to the emotions Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Methods of Presentation
Speaking
From
Memory Reading
From Prepared
Manuscript Speaking Impromptu
With no Specific Preparation
Speaking Extemporaneously
With Preparation And a Few Notes Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Organizing a Presentation
• You must organize your message with the audience in mind • Every speech needs: – an introduction – a body – a conclusion Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Introduction
• Good speakers capture the audience’s attention immediately; you must motivate them to listen • Introductions vary: for an
informative
presentation, it’s helpful to begin with an overview • For
lectures
and
speeches
, you can use attention-getters Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Transitions
• Use words such as
first, next,
or
finally
(to help audience follow development of ideas) • You can also words such as
however
or
on the other hand
(to indicate a change of direction in thought) • And use
in addition
or
moreover
(to indicate a related idea) Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Conclusion
• Most speeches don’t require a long conclusion – With
informative speeches
, you can summarize your main points – For
persuasive speeches
, you might use a motivational statement – In an
entertaining speech
, you could build to a brief, memorable punch line • A key rule is to keep it short and sweet Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Recap
Remember the old rule:
“Tell them what you’re going to tell them; Tell them; Then tell them what you told them.”
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Visual Aids
Visual aids
are objects or displays that illustrate your ideas Types: Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Graphis courtesy of Clipart.com
Presentation Skills
The
image
you project as a speaker is more important than what you say First impressions are based on
nonverbal communication
H ow y ou d re ss H yo ow ur yo ha u w ir ea r
Nonverbal Communication
H ow yo yo urs elf u c arr y H ow y ge ou st u ur se es an d bo dy la ng ua ge Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Presentation Skills
• Keys to a polished delivery include: – your voice, appropriate use of humor, the way you handle your notes, ability to overcome stage fright • If you look well prepared,
YOU
will be the most effective visual aid in your speech • Includes appearance, posture, eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, and movement Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Graphic courtesy of Clipart.com
Movement Challenges
• •
Life rafters:
lectern These speakers cling to the podium or •
Hand washers:
nervousness in their hands—while speaking, they wash and wash These speakers store all their
Caged tigers:
These speakers continually pace from one side of the room or stage to the other Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Graphic courtesy of Clipart.com
Movement Challenges
•
Rockers:
backward and forward, or side to side, or both Rockers unconsciously move •
Pocket maniacs:
These speakers jam their hands in their pockets •
Pen clickers:
These speakers have to be doing something with their hands—they are compelled to manipulate and click any pen in their possession Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Photo courtesy of Clipart.com
Using Your Voice Effectively
• •
Rate
is the speed you speak
Volume
is how loudly or softly you speak;
pitch
is the highness or lowness of a sound • • • A
pause
is a brief halt in your speech
Articulation
is the art of expressing words distinctly;
pronunciation
is the ability to say words correctly
Vocalized pauses
“um,” and “ah” are syllables such as “a,” “uh,” Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Practicing Your Speech
• Read your speech aloud several times • Edit words that are difficult to say • Practice looking at your make
-
believe audience • Provide the punctuation through vocal inflection, variety, and pauses Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Practicing Your Speech
• It’s important to practice the speech in front of a critical listener and ask for feedback – Do your visual aids work? – Are you hitting a smooth flow? – Does your speech sound natural? Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Giving Your Speech
• The big moment has arrived: – Walk to the podium and take out your notes – Take a deep breath – Slowly look around the room – Survey the audience, from left to right – Project confidence Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Photo courtesy of Clipart.com
Giving Your Speech
• •
Begin in a strong, self-assured voice:
– – Keep eye contact with the audience Look for feedback • nods • puzzled looks • and so forth – – Smile!
Use natural gestures to relieve tension
Once you’ve made your main points, you can close with confidence
Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Photo courtesy of Clipart.com
Review
• Studies have shown that speaking in front of a group is by far most people’s greatest fear • The ability to speak well in front of a group is one of the qualities people admire most, and it’s an ability will serve you well in life • Learning the fundamentals of speaking can help you conquer your fear Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Review
• • •
Briefings
present information quickly and concisely
Lectures
are used to teach new material
Speeches
are given in a variety of situations – Some methods of presentation are: • speaking from memory • manuscript reading • impromptu speaking • extemporaneous speaking Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Review
• Clear organization is vital to effective speaking • Every speech needs an introduction, a body, and a conclusion •
“Tell them what you’re going to tell them; tell them; tell them what you told them”
•
Visual aids
are objects or displays that give emphasis to and illustrate your ideas Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Review
• Presentation skills—such as maintaining eye contact, gesturing, and using your voice effectively—will help your speech delivery • Before you speak, your biggest challenge will be to overcome (or at least control) stage fright • Practicing your presentation will help you polish your delivery Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Review
• Although preparing a talk can be hard work, for many people the hardest part is presenting the talk • The more you do it, the better you’ll get, and the faster you’ll work the kinks out of your delivery style • Your audience wants you to succeed Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Summary
• • • • What is the purpose of learning to speak effectively?
How do you prepare to speak?
What are the types of speaking?
What are methods of presentation?
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Summary
• What are ways of organizing a presentation?
• What are ways to use visual support?
• What are presentation skills?
• Why is it important to practice your speech?
• Giving your speech Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Next
• Done—speaking effectively • Next—we’ll learn about interpreting events and experiences Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Graphic courtesy of Clipart.com