Transcript HAZARDOUS MATERIALS HANDLING

HANDLING HIGH
PRESSURE CYLINDERS
Sources
• T. Joiner (ed.). 2001. NOAA Diving
Manual - Diving for Science and
Technology, Fourth Edition. Best
Publishing Company, Flagstaff, Arizona.
• Bill High, notes from PSI Cylinder
Inspection Course
• US Code of Federal Regulations Title 49:
172.700
Goal of This Training
• To increase your safety and the safety of
those around you by familiarizing you
with the policies and proper procedures
for handling and filling cylinders
containing high pressure gas
Objectives
• After completing this training module you
will be able to:
– Identify the regulating bodies regulating
hazardous materials training for handling
high pressure cylinders and explain the
regulations as they pertain to scientific diving
– Define a high pressure cylinder as it relates to
diving
Objectives
• After completing this training module you
will be able to:
– Identify and explain cylinder markings for
steel and aluminum scuba cylinders
– List 25 safe handling procedures for high
pressure cylinders
– Define the parts of a fill station and list
procedures for filling high pressure cylinders
common to all fill stations
Regulation
• In the US:
– The Department of Transportation (DOT)
regulates transport of high pressure cylinders
– The Department of Labor, Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
regulates safety in the workplace
Regulation
• The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR
Title 49: 172.700) mandates employees of
companies involved in commerce who
handle compressed gas cylinders to
receive appropriate safety training.
– A new hire should receive this training within
90 days of hiring
– Training should be repeated every three years
Regulation
• Discussions with US DOT have
determined that most organizations
involved in scientific diving are not
involved in commerce and are exempt
from the three year retraining updates
• Local regulations or standards may reimpose this requirement
Regulation
• AAUS and NOAA scientific diving
standards require all scientific divers to
receive hazardous materials training for
handling high pressure cylinders
High Pressure Cylinders
• The capacity of a cylinder is the amount of
gas at surface pressure that can be
compressed into the cylinder at its rated
pressure
– This capacity is usually expressed in standard
cubic feet or standard liters of gas
• Cylinders with capacities from 26 standard cubic
feet to over 100 standard cubic feet are used in
scuba diving
High Pressure Cylinders
• Scuba cylinders are generally made of
steel or aluminum
• Cylinders used in diving fill to working
pressures ranging from 1,800 to 3,500 psi
(124 to 241 bar) or greater
Cylinder Markings
• Data describing the cylinder must be
clearly stamped on the shoulder of the
cylinder
Image courtesy Best Publishing
Cylinder Markings
• The precise manufacturing specifications
of cylinders have been dictated by:
– The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
until 1970
– The Department of Transportation (DOT)
after 1970
– The TC/DOT (Transport Canada and DOT)
most recently dictates specifications for
aluminum cylinders
Steel Cylinder Markings
Image courtesy Best Publishing
Steel Cylinder Markings
• DOT (Department of Transportation –
may also read ICC if cylinder predates
1970)
• 3AA (indicates steel construction)
• Service pressure
• Serial number
• Cylinder manufacturer’s symbol
• Hydrostatic test date
Aluminum Cylinder Markings
Image courtesy Best Publishing
Aluminum Cylinder Markings
• DOT (or ICC)
• 3AL (indicates aluminum construction)
• Service pressure
• Serial number
• Service volume
• Manufacturer
• Hydrostatic test date
Safe Handling Procedures
• Treat all cylinders designed to hold high
pressure gas with respect
• Do not drop cylinders
Safe Handling Procedures
• Wear shoes when working around
cylinders
• Have a clear path to avoid tripping or
knocking over cylinders or other
equipment
Safe Handling Procedures
• Cylinders are heavy and awkward; use
proper lifting techniques and dollies to
minimize the risk of personal injury
Safe Handling Procedures
• Handle charged cylinders carefully –
handling by the valve or body is preferred
– handling by straps or backpack may allow the
cylinder to slip or drop
• Cylinders should be stored at
temperatures not to exceed 130o F (54 C)
Safe Handling Procedures
Photo courtesy Steve Sellers
• Store charged cylinders in an upright
position in a cool shady place and away
from flammable materials
• Secure cylinders properly to prevent
falling or rolling
Safe Handling Procedures
• While in transit, cylinders should be
secured from rolling
Photo courtesy Steve Sellers
– Preferably in a rack in the upright position
Safe Handling Procedures
• Open cylinder valves slowly
• Do not put your body in the gas stream
– High pressure can force gas through the skin
and into the body; bubbles in the circulatory
system could result in an embolism
– Injuries of this nature are not uncommon, so
please keep out of harms way
Safe Handling Procedures
• Cylinders that appear to be damaged by
fire or physical abuse should be removed
from service
Safe Handling Procedures
• Scuba cylinders should receive a visual
inspection by a qualified inspector
annually
• A cylinder with signs of damage or that
has been totally emptied, should receive a
visual inspection before being put back in
service
Safe Handling Procedures
Image courtesy PSI
• Internal inspections, hydrostatic tests, and
repair work should be performed only by
trained technicians
Safe Handling Procedures
• Remove cylinder boot frequently to
inspect for corrosion
– Boots that inhibit rapid draining and drying
should not be used because they allow water
to remain in contact with the cylinder,
forming corrosion
Safe Handling Procedures
• A cylinder that has been condemned
during the visual inspection or hydrostatic
testing process may never be returned to
service
• Condemned cylinders should be made
unserviceable (i.e. cut in two, hole drilled
in the wall, threads destroyed, etc…)
Safe Handling Procedures
• Do not use any cylinder that:
– Is aluminum and has a rounded bottom
– Have the manufacturing codes SP6576,
SP6688, or SP890 stamped into the cylinder
– Have large dents, bulges, or lines of corrosion
– Do not have a proper pressure relief device
(burst disc)
Safe Handling Procedures
• Do not use any cylinder that:
– Have manufacturing codes SP6498, E6498,
SP7042, or E7042 stamped into the cylinder
unless the cylinder is also stamped with the
code 3AL
• These were special aluminum alloys that were
given the 3AL rating at a later date
Safe Handling Procedures
• Do not totally empty a cylinder without
cause
– Always try to leave 300 to 500 psi in the
cylinder
– Empty cylinders should be internally visually
inspected by a trained technician prior to refilling
Safe Handling Procedures
• Regulators or gauges may fail when a
cylinder valve is opened – it is important
to stand to the side rather than in the line
of discharge to avoid the blast effect in
case of failure
Photos courtesy Dave Pence
Safe Handling Procedures
Photo courtesy Steve Sellers
• Do not look directly at the face of any
pressure gauge when turning on the
cylinder because of the possibility of a
blowout
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Diving cylinders and associated high
pressure equipment are manufactured and
tested to standards in order to ensure a
high degree of safety when they are
properly used and maintained
• Manufacturing
standards and
maintenance
requirements do not
eliminate the
possibility of a
catastrophic failure
that could result in
serious injury or
death
Photo courtesy www.sealancers.org
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• An 80 cubic foot cylinder filled to 3000 psi
(207 bar) has in excess of one million
pounds of kinetic energy; sufficient power
to blow apart brick walls or destroy
vehicles
Photo courtesy connected.bc.ca/~baquatics/index.htm
• 90% of all cylinder
explosions occur
during the filling
process
• Operator error has
been linked to
many of these
incidents
Photo courtesy www.sealancers.org
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Properly trained and attentive operators
reduce their risk of being involved in a
catastrophic incident
• Be familiar with the equipment you are
working with and follow inspection
requirements and safe operating
procedures
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• A fill station consists of a source of high
pressure gas, high pressure lines called
whips that connect the gas source to the
cylinders being filled, and valves and
gauges to control and monitor the filling
process
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Fill stations come in a wide variety of
configurations, the specifics of operating a
given system are beyond the scope of this
presentation and require additional
training
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Compressor basics:
– High pressure compressors capable of
producing breathing grade gas intake air,
compress the air through a series of stages to
increase the pressure, and filter the gas to
remove impurities and excess moisture
Photos courtesy Bauerair.com
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Compressor basics:
– Each compressor has its own operational and
maintenance requirements, but items common
to all units include:
• Checking oil levels prior to startup
• Monitoring compressor hours and filter life
• Monitoring the compressor intake to assure a
proper air source, and monitoring stage pressures
• Keeping a log of regular maintenance and
adhering to a maintenance schedule
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Storage banks take two forms:
– A series of cylinders connected by manifold to
produce a desired storage capacity
– Or a single large storage cylinder such as a
recycled submarine ballast tank
• Cylinders connected by manifold have the
advantage of allowing cascade filling
• A single large storage cylinder can offer the
advantage of not requiring periodic hydrostatic
testing
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Storage banks have specific pressure
limitations and are secured to prevent
them from falling
Photo courtesy Steve Sellers
– Banked pressures of 4,500 psi (310 bar) are
common
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Cascade filling involves equalizing the
pressure in the cylinder being filled with
the pressure in a single cylinder in a series
of storage cylinders, moving to the next
cylinder in the series and repeating the
process until the desired pressure is
reached
• Cascade filling is the most economical use
of banked gas
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Fill station valves can be of a metering or
ball valve design
Photos courtesy Global Mfg. Corp.
– A metering valve provides for slow and
controlled pressure adjustments
– A ball valve is either open or closed
Metering Valve
Ball Valve
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
Photo courtesy Steve Sellers
• Caution should be taken when using fill
panels employing ball valves, a rapid
pressure spike can increase the risk of a
fire in the presence of gases with high
oxygen content
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• High pressure lines:
Photo courtesy Steve Sellers
– Pipes and hoses that carry high pressure gas
should be secured approximately every two
feet and regularly inspected
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Gauges:
– Gauges that are used on the fill whips and
yokes are not calibrated or tested
Photos courtesy Steve Sellers
– Gauges in the fill panel are tested and
calibrated
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
Photo courtesy Steve Sellers
• The Fill Station Operator has the
responsibility to reject cylinders that do
not meet standards
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Before filling a cylinder:
– Verify it has valid ICC or DOT stampings
– Check for a current Hydrostatic Test Stamp
• Hydrostatic testing must be done every five years
Photos courtesy Steve Sellers
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Before filling a cylinder:
– Verify a current visual inspection sticker
– Verify it has a valve with a pressure relief
device
– Check that there is air/gas in the cylinder
Photos courtesy Steve Sellers
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Before filling a cylinder:
– Check the rated pressure of the cylinder
– Verify it has a valve O-Ring (yoke style
valves)
Photos courtesy Steve Sellers
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Before filling a cylinder:
– Determine if the cylinder has a yoke or DIN
valve and that the fill station has the
necessary adaptors to allow for filling
Photos courtesy Steve Sellers
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Before filling a cylinder:
– Check the pressure in the cylinder and its
contents (air, nitrox, etc.)
• Cylinders containing gas mixtures other than air
should not be allowed to equalize pressure
through the fill whips with cylinders not
containing the same gas; doing so modifies gas
mixtures in all the cylinders and could
compromise the safety of unsuspecting divers
using them
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Before filling a cylinder:
– Verify the general condition of the cylinder
• On steel cylinders, strike the cylinder with a blunt
object; it should sound like a bell, if not, don’t fill it
• No visual signs of dents, bulges, scrapes, or line
corrosion
Photo courtesy Steve Sellers
– Verify the fill setting on the fill panel
regulator (if present)
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Do not fill high-pressure cylinders if the
date of the last hydrostatic test has expired
(five years for steel and aluminum
cylinders) or if more than one year has
passed since the last formal visual
inspection
Photos courtesy Steve Sellers
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Reject cylinders with the following
markings or conditions:
–
–
–
–
–
SP6576
SP6688, SP890
SP6498, E6498, SP7042, E7042
All round bottom aluminum cylinders
Steel, non-galvanized, vinyl coated cylinders
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Only individuals trained in the handling
and filling of high pressure cylinders
should be in the room when cylinders are
being filled
• Maintain an organized fill area, keep a
clear path in and out and secure cylinders
after filling
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Preparing to fill:
– Open cylinder valve to blow out dust/water
– Attach the fill whip to the valve
– Close the whip bleed valve and open the
cylinder valve
– Open the fill whip valve
– Open supply valve
Photo courtesy Steve Sellers
• If filling multiple cylinders containing the same
gas, open all cylinder valves and equalize the
pressure between cylinders
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
Photo courtesy Steve Sellers
• Charge cylinders at 300-600 psig/min (2041 bar/min) to prevent excessive heat
buildup
• Never exceed the maximum allowable
pressure for any particular cylinder
• Never perform maintenance or repairs on
a cylinder valve while the cylinder is
charged
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• A 3000 psi (207 bar) cylinder should take 5
to 10 minutes to fill
• Aluminum alloy cylinders should never
be filled in excess of marked service
pressure, and steel cylinders without a
plus (+) after the current hydrostatic test
date should also not be filled over their
marked service pressure
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Assure any cylinders filled are properly
labeled with appropriate contents labels
and that any logs have been filled out as
required by local procedures or standards
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• When the filling process is complete, bleed
excess pressure from the fill whips, close
all valves, shut off power to the
compressor, and secure the fill station per
local procedures
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• To help ensure safety during the filling
process, considered the following:
– Placing the fill station away from work areas
– Consulting with an engineer before
constructing a cylinder explosion diversion
device
– Configuring controls away from the cylinder
fill area
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Safety considerations continued:
– Secure high-pressure hoses and fittings at
close intervals
– Locate the fill station away from critical
building structural support and walls;
provide a physical barrier between fill station
operator and cylinders during filling
– Use an energy deflector to send explosive
force in a safe direction
Fill Stations and
Filling Cylinders
• Safety considerations continued:
– Regularly inspect compressor filters and
piping
– Allow only trained, authorized persons to
work at the fill station
– Post operating procedures and safety
instructions
– Proper labeling of all valves, gauges, etc…
Study Questions
• Use the following study questions to
review some of the information presented
in this self study module. When you are
finished you can print out your study
questions results.
Self Study Questions
_____ require all scientific divers to receive
hazardous materials training for handling
high pressure cylinders.
• AAUS and NOAA scientific diving
standards
• CFR Title 29: 1910 Sub Part T
• OSHA
• Individual State's Department of
Transportation
Self Study Questions
_____ require all scientific divers to receive
hazardous materials training for handling
high pressure cylinders.
• AAUS and NOAA scientific diving
standards
• CFR Title 29: 1910 Sub Part T
• OSHA
• Individual State's Department of
Transportation
Self Study Questions
DOT regulations found in 49 CFR 172.700
mandate training requirements for
employees of companies involved in
commerce who handle compressed gas
cylinders.
A. True
B. False
Self Study Questions
DOT regulations found in 49 CFR 172.700
mandate training requirements for
employees of companies involved in
commerce who handle compressed gas
cylinders.
A. True
B. False
Self Study Questions
The codes 3AA 2250 PST 4~08+
stamped into the neck of a cylinder
indicate:
• This is a steel cylinder with a rated working pressure of 2250 psi,
manufactured by Pressed Steel, hydrostatically tested in April of
2008, and capable of being over filled by 10%.
• This is an aluminum cylinder with a rated working pressure of 2250
psi, manufactured by Pacific Scuba Tanks, hydrostatically tested in
April of 2008, and capable of being over filled by 10%.
• The serial number of the cylinder.
• This is a steel cylinder with a rated working pressure of 2250 psi,
manufactured by Pressed Steel; last visually inspected in April of
2008, and capable of being over filled by 10%.
Self Study Questions
The codes 3AA 2250 PST 4~08+
stamped into the neck of a cylinder
indicate:
• This is a steel cylinder with a rated working pressure of 2250 psi,
manufactured by Pressed Steel, hydrostatically tested in April of
2008, and capable of being over filled by 10%.
• This is an aluminum cylinder with a rated working pressure of 2250
psi, manufactured by Pacific Scuba Tanks, hydrostatically tested in
April of 2008, and capable of being over filled by 10%.
• The serial number of the cylinder.
• This is a steel cylinder with a rated working pressure of 2250 psi,
manufactured by Pressed Steel; last visually inspected in April of
2008, and capable of being over filled by 10%.
Self Study Questions
It is June 2008; a fill station operator conducting a pre-filling
survey of a cylinder finds the hydrostatic test dates of 2 98+
and 10 04. The cylinder has a current VIP sticker, all other
required markings, and shows no signs of dents, bulges,
scrapes or line corrosion. The fill station operator:
• can fill the cylinder, but only to the rated working pressure
since the current hydrostatic test mark does not have a +.
• should not fill the cylinder because the current hydrostatic
test mark does not have a +.
• should not fill the cylinder because the current hydrostatic
test has passed the five year limit for the test.
• can fill the cylinder to a pressure 10% greater than the
cylinder's rated working pressure because of the presence of
the + on the cylinder.
Self Study Questions
It is June 2008; a fill station operator conducting a pre-filling
survey of a cylinder finds the hydrostatic test dates of 2 98+
and 10 04. The cylinder has a current VIP sticker, all other
required markings, and shows no signs of dents, bulges,
scrapes or line corrosion. The fill station operator:
• can fill the cylinder, but only to the rated working pressure
since the current hydrostatic test mark does not have a +.
• should not fill the cylinder because the current hydrostatic
test mark does not have a +.
• should not fill the cylinder because the current hydrostatic
test has passed the five year limit for the test.
• can fill the cylinder to a pressure 10% greater than the
cylinder's rated working pressure because of the presence of
the + on the cylinder.
Self Study Questions
It is November 2008; a fill station operator conducting a pre-filling
survey of a cylinder finds the hydrostatic test dates of 2 97 and 10
03. The cylinder has a VIP sticker dated 10/07. It has the stamp
3AL, along with all other required markings, and shows no signs
of dents, bulges, scrapes or line corrosion. (Select all that apply)
• The cylinder is "out of hydro"; it has been longer than five years
since the last hydrostatic test.
• This cylinder is within its second hydrostatic test period.
• The cylinder does not have a current VIP.
• This is a steel cylinder.
• This is an aluminum cylinder.
• The cylinder has a current VIP.
• The fill station operator should fill this cylinder.
• The fill station operator should not fill this cylinder.
Self Study Questions
It is November 2008; a fill station operator conducting a pre-filling
survey of a cylinder finds the hydrostatic test dates of 2 97 and 10
03. The cylinder has a VIP sticker dated 10/07. It has the stamp
3AL, along with all other required markings, and shows no signs
of dents, bulges, scrapes or line corrosion. (Select all that apply)
• The cylinder is "out of hydro"; it has been longer than five years
since the last hydrostatic test.
• This cylinder is within its second hydrostatic test period.
• The cylinder does not have a current VIP.
• This is a steel cylinder.
• This is an aluminum cylinder.
• The cylinder has a current VIP.
• The fill station operator should fill this cylinder.
• The fill station operator should not fill this cylinder.
Self Study Questions
Safe handling procedures for high pressure
cylinders include: (select all that apply)
• Wear shoes when working around cylinders.
• Store charged cylinders in an upright position in a cool shady
place and away from flammable materials.
• Handling cylinders by straps or backpack is preferred to
handling cylinders by the valve.
• Cylinders that appear to be damaged by fire or physical abuse
should be removed from service.
• Scuba cylinders should receive a visual inspection by a
qualified inspector annually.
• Internal inspections, hydrostatic tests, and repair work should
be performed only by trained technicians.
• A cylinder that has been condemned during the visual
inspection or hydrostatic testing process may be returned to
service after repairs have been completed.
Self Study Questions
Safe handling procedures for high pressure
cylinders include: (select all that apply)
• Wear shoes when working around cylinders.
• Store charged cylinders in an upright position in a cool shady
place and away from flammable materials.
• Handling cylinders by straps or backpack is preferred to
handling cylinders by the valve.
• Cylinders that appear to be damaged by fire or physical abuse
should be removed from service.
• Scuba cylinders should receive a visual inspection by a
qualified inspector annually.
• Internal inspections, hydrostatic tests, and repair work should
be performed only by trained technicians.
• A cylinder that has been condemned during the visual
inspection or hydrostatic testing process may be returned to
service after repairs have been completed.
Self Study Questions
_____ is the most economical use of banked
gas.
• Cascade filling
• Single bank filling
• Filling directly from the compressor
• The use of high pressure scuba cylinders
Self Study Questions
_____ is the most economical use of banked
gas.
• Cascade filling
• Single bank filling
• Filling directly from the compressor
• The use of high pressure scuba cylinders
Self Study Questions
Select all that apply to the valve pictured
here:
• This is an example
of a Ball valve
• This is an example
of a Metering valve
• This valve provides for slow
and controlled pressure adjustments
• This valve is either open or
closed providing no means
of pressure adjustments
Self Study Questions
Select all that apply to the valve pictured
here:
• This is an example
of a Ball valve
• This is an example
of a Metering valve
• This valve provides for slow
and controlled pressure adjustments
• This valve is either open or
closed providing no means
of pressure adjustments
Self Study Questions
Match the item with its counterpart:
A. Cascade filling
B. A ball valve
C. A metering valve
D. 4,500 psi
E. Allows for cascade filling
F. A single large storage cylinder such as a recycled submarine ballast tank
G. 300-600 psi or 20-41 bar
H. 5 to 10 minutes
I. About 30 minutes
• Equalizing the pressure in the cylinder being filled with the pressure in a single cylinder in
a series of storage cylinders, moving to the next cylinder in the series and repeating the
process until the desired pressure is reached.
• Is either open or closed.
• Provides for slow and controlled pressure adjustments.
• 310 bar
• A series of storage cylinders connected by manifold to produce a desired storage capacity.
• Can offer the advantage of not requiring periodic hydrostatic testing.
• The rate per minute for filling cylinders.
• The amount of time it should take to properly fill a 3000 psi (207 bar) cylinder.
• The amount of time it will take someone with a surface air consumption of 20 psi/minute
to breathe 2500 psi from a scuba cylinder while diving in 99 feet of seawater.
Self Study Questions
Match the item with its counterpart:
A. Cascade filling
B. A ball valve
C. A metering valve
D. 4,500 psi
E. Allows for cascade filling
F. A single large storage cylinder such as a recycled submarine ballast tank
G. 300-600 psi or 20-41 bar
H. 5 to 10 minutes
I. About 30 minutes
• Equalizing the pressure in the cylinder being filled with the pressure in a single cylinder in
a series of storage cylinders, moving to the next cylinder in the series and repeating the
process until the desired pressure is reached.
• Is either open or closed.
• Provides for slow and controlled pressure adjustments.
• 310 bar
• A series of storage cylinders connected by manifold to produce a desired storage capacity.
• Can offer the advantage of not requiring periodic hydrostatic testing.
• The rate per minute for filling cylinders.
• The amount of time it should take to properly fill a 3000 psi (207 bar) cylinder.
• The amount of time it will take someone with a surface air consumption of 20 psi/minute
to breathe 2500 psi from a scuba cylinder while diving in 99 feet of seawater.
Self Study Questions
Match the item with its counterpart:
A. Cascade filling
B. A ball valve
C. A metering valve
D. 4,500 psi
E. Allows for cascade filling
F. A single large storage cylinder such as a recycled submarine ballast tank
G. 300-600 psi or 20-41 bar
H. 5 to 10 minutes
I. About 30 minutes
• Equalizing the pressure in the cylinder being filled with the pressure in a single cylinder in
a series of storage cylinders, moving to the next cylinder in the series and repeating the
process until the desired pressure is reached.
• Is either open or closed.
• Provides for slow and controlled pressure adjustments.
• 310 bar
• A series of storage cylinders connected by manifold to produce a desired storage capacity.
• Can offer the advantage of not requiring periodic hydrostatic testing.
• The rate per minute for filling cylinders.
• The amount of time it should take to properly fill a 3000 psi (207 bar) cylinder.
• The amount of time it will take someone with a surface air consumption of 20 psi/minute
to breathe 2500 psi from a scuba cylinder while diving in 99 feet of seawater.
Self Study Questions
Match the item with its counterpart:
A. Cascade filling
B. A ball valve
C. A metering valve
D. 4,500 psi
E. Allows for cascade filling
F. A single large storage cylinder such as a recycled submarine ballast tank
G. 300-600 psi or 20-41 bar
H. 5 to 10 minutes
I. About 30 minutes
• Equalizing the pressure in the cylinder being filled with the pressure in a single cylinder in
a series of storage cylinders, moving to the next cylinder in the series and repeating the
process until the desired pressure is reached.
• Is either open or closed.
• Provides for slow and controlled pressure adjustments.
• 310 bar
• A series of storage cylinders connected by manifold to produce a desired storage capacity.
• Can offer the advantage of not requiring periodic hydrostatic testing.
• The rate per minute for filling cylinders.
• The amount of time it should take to properly fill a 3000 psi (207 bar) cylinder.
• The amount of time it will take someone with a surface air consumption of 20 psi/minute
to breathe 2500 psi from a scuba cylinder while diving in 99 feet of seawater.
Self Study Questions
Match the item with its counterpart:
A. Cascade filling
B. A ball valve
C. A metering valve
D. 4,500 psi
E. Allows for cascade filling
F. A single large storage cylinder such as a recycled submarine ballast tank
G. 300-600 psi or 20-41 bar
H. 5 to 10 minutes
I. About 30 minutes
• Equalizing the pressure in the cylinder being filled with the pressure in a single cylinder in
a series of storage cylinders, moving to the next cylinder in the series and repeating the
process until the desired pressure is reached.
• Is either open or closed.
• Provides for slow and controlled pressure adjustments.
• 310 bar
• A series of storage cylinders connected by manifold to produce a desired storage capacity.
• Can offer the advantage of not requiring periodic hydrostatic testing.
• The rate per minute for filling cylinders.
• The amount of time it should take to properly fill a 3000 psi (207 bar) cylinder.
• The amount of time it will take someone with a surface air consumption of 20 psi/minute
to breathe 2500 psi from a scuba cylinder while diving in 99 feet of seawater.
Self Study Questions
Match the item with its counterpart:
A. Cascade filling
B. A ball valve
C. A metering valve
D. 4,500 psi
E. Allows for cascade filling
F. A single large storage cylinder such as a recycled submarine ballast tank
G. 300-600 psi or 20-41 bar
H. 5 to 10 minutes
I. About 30 minutes
• Equalizing the pressure in the cylinder being filled with the pressure in a single cylinder in
a series of storage cylinders, moving to the next cylinder in the series and repeating the
process until the desired pressure is reached.
• Is either open or closed.
• Provides for slow and controlled pressure adjustments.
• 310 bar
• A series of storage cylinders connected by manifold to produce a desired storage capacity.
• Can offer the advantage of not requiring periodic hydrostatic testing.
• The rate per minute for filling cylinders.
• The amount of time it should take to properly fill a 3000 psi (207 bar) cylinder.
• The amount of time it will take someone with a surface air consumption of 20 psi/minute
to breathe 2500 psi from a scuba cylinder while diving in 99 feet of seawater.
Self Study Questions
Match the item with its counterpart:
A. Cascade filling
B. A ball valve
C. A metering valve
D. 4,500 psi
E. Allows for cascade filling
F. A single large storage cylinder such as a recycled submarine ballast tank
G. 300-600 psi or 20-41 bar
H. 5 to 10 minutes
I. About 30 minutes
• Equalizing the pressure in the cylinder being filled with the pressure in a single cylinder in
a series of storage cylinders, moving to the next cylinder in the series and repeating the
process until the desired pressure is reached.
• Is either open or closed.
• Provides for slow and controlled pressure adjustments.
• 310 bar
• A series of storage cylinders connected by manifold to produce a desired storage capacity.
• Can offer the advantage of not requiring periodic hydrostatic testing.
• The rate per minute for filling cylinders.
• The amount of time it should take to properly fill a 3000 psi (207 bar) cylinder.
• The amount of time it will take someone with a surface air consumption of 20 psi/minute
to breathe 2500 psi from a scuba cylinder while diving in 99 feet of seawater.
Self Study Questions
Match the item with its counterpart:
A. Cascade filling
B. A ball valve
C. A metering valve
D. 4,500 psi
E. Allows for cascade filling
F. A single large storage cylinder such as a recycled submarine ballast tank
G. 300-600 psi or 20-41 bar
H. 5 to 10 minutes
I. About 30 minutes
• Equalizing the pressure in the cylinder being filled with the pressure in a single cylinder in
a series of storage cylinders, moving to the next cylinder in the series and repeating the
process until the desired pressure is reached.
• Is either open or closed.
• Provides for slow and controlled pressure adjustments.
• 310 bar
• A series of storage cylinders connected by manifold to produce a desired storage capacity.
• Can offer the advantage of not requiring periodic hydrostatic testing.
• The rate per minute for filling cylinders.
• The amount of time it should take to properly fill a 3000 psi (207 bar) cylinder.
• The amount of time it will take someone with a surface air consumption of 20 psi/minute
to breathe 2500 psi from a scuba cylinder while diving in 99 feet of seawater.
Self Study Questions
Match the item with its counterpart:
A. Cascade filling
B. A ball valve
C. A metering valve
D. 4,500 psi
E. Allows for cascade filling
F. A single large storage cylinder such as a recycled submarine ballast tank
G. 300-600 psi or 20-41 bar
H. 5 to 10 minutes
I. About 30 minutes
• Equalizing the pressure in the cylinder being filled with the pressure in a single cylinder in
a series of storage cylinders, moving to the next cylinder in the series and repeating the
process until the desired pressure is reached.
• Is either open or closed.
• Provides for slow and controlled pressure adjustments.
• 310 bar
• A series of storage cylinders connected by manifold to produce a desired storage capacity.
• Can offer the advantage of not requiring periodic hydrostatic testing.
• The rate per minute for filling cylinders.
• The amount of time it should take to properly fill a 3000 psi (207 bar) cylinder.
• The amount of time it will take someone with a surface air consumption of 20 psi/minute
to breathe 2500 psi from a scuba cylinder while diving in 99 feet of seawater.
Self Study Questions
Match the item with its counterpart:
A. Cascade filling
B. A ball valve
C. A metering valve
D. 4,500 psi
E. Allows for cascade filling
F. A single large storage cylinder such as a recycled submarine ballast tank
G. 300-600 psi or 20-41 bar
H. 5 to 10 minutes
I. About 30 minutes
• Equalizing the pressure in the cylinder being filled with the pressure in a single cylinder in
a series of storage cylinders, moving to the next cylinder in the series and repeating the
process until the desired pressure is reached.
• Is either open or closed.
• Provides for slow and controlled pressure adjustments.
• 310 bar
• A series of storage cylinders connected by manifold to produce a desired storage capacity.
• Can offer the advantage of not requiring periodic hydrostatic testing.
• The rate per minute for filling cylinders.
• The amount of time it should take to properly fill a 3000 psi (207 bar) cylinder.
• The amount of time it will take someone with a surface air consumption of 20 psi/minute
to breathe 2500 psi from a scuba cylinder while diving in 99 feet of seawater.
Self Study Questions
Select all of the items listed that the fill station
operator should do before filling a cylinder:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Verify the cylinder has valid ICC or DOT stampings
Check for a current Hydrostatic Test Stamp
Verify a current visual inspection sticker (within the past year)
Verify the cylinder has a valve with a pressure relief device
Check that there is air/gas in the cylinder
Check the rated pressure of the cylinder
Check the pressure in the cylinder and its contents (air, nitrox, etc.)
Verify the general condition of the cylinder
Open the bleed valve on the fill whip
Close the cylinder valve
Self Study Questions
Select all of the items listed that the fill station
operator should do before filling a cylinder:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Verify the cylinder has valid ICC or DOT stampings
Check for a current Hydrostatic Test Stamp
Verify a current visual inspection sticker (within the past year)
Verify the cylinder has a valve with a pressure relief device
Check that there is air/gas in the cylinder
Check the rated pressure of the cylinder
Check the pressure in the cylinder and its contents (air, nitrox, etc.)
Verify the general condition of the cylinder
Open the bleed valve on the fill whip
Close the cylinder valve
Self Study Questions
Putting part of your body in the air stream
of an open high pressure cylinder valve
can lead to embolism.
A.True
B.False
Self Study Questions
Putting part of your body in the air stream
of an open high pressure cylinder valve
can lead to embolism.
A.True
B.False
Self Study Questions
Preferably, cylinders should be transported
and stored in a secure, upright position.
A.True
B.False
Self Study Questions
Preferably, cylinders should be transported
and stored in a secure, upright position.
A.True
B.False
Self Study Questions
Caution should be taken when using fill panels
employing _____ valves, a rapid pressure
spike can increase the risk of a fire in the
presence of gases with high oxygen content.
• metering
• ball
• J
• K
• yoke
• DIN
Self Study Questions
Caution should be taken when using fill panels
employing _____ valves, a rapid pressure
spike can increase the risk of a fire in the
presence of gases with high oxygen content.
• metering
• ball
• J
• K
• yoke
• DIN
Self Study Questions
Fill Station Operator has the responsibility
to reject cylinders that do not meet
standards.
A.True
B.False
Self Study Questions
Fill Station Operator has the responsibility
to reject cylinders that do not meet
standards.
A.True
B.False
Self Study Questions
Only individuals _____ in the handling and
filling of high pressure cylinders should
be in the room when cylinders are being
filled.
• trained
• interested
• participating
• tasked
Self Study Questions
Only individuals _____ in the handling and
filling of high pressure cylinders should
be in the room when cylinders are being
filled.
• trained
• interested
• participating
• tasked