All About Energy!! - SRP: Salt River Project power and water

Transcript All About Energy!! - SRP: Salt River Project power and water

Electricity!

EXPLORING ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

WHERE DO I GET THESE LESSON PLANS?

 Go to www.srpnet.com/education  Click on Teacher Training  Scroll down to “Sci4Kids Introduction to Electricity and Magnetism Module”

VIDEO SEGMENTS 

Basics of Magnetism



Basics of Electricity



Electric Circuits

BASICS OF MAGNETISM

1 ST MAGNETISM ACTIVITY  “Magnetic Characteristics”  Procedures:  Have students list small objects from the classroom or their desks and the material each is made from  Students predict whether or not they think that object will be attracted to a magnet  Test their predictions with a magnet

WHAT IS MAGNETISM?

  Any material that attracts ferromagnetic materials including iron, steel, cobalt and nickel Can be permanent or temporary

MAGNETISM BASICS Only Certain Types of Materials Exhibit

Magnetism

N S Magnets can be made in a variety of shapes, but all magnets have 2 poles •Opposite poles attract •Like poles repel All magnets have

lines of force

extending from one pole to the other in the 3 dimensional space around them

MAGNETIC LINES OF FLUX Magnetic Field

Magnetic lines do not cross each other.

The lines go from North to South on the magnet.

N magnet S

MAGNETS ATTRACTING EACH OTHER N S Pulling N S

MAGNETS OPPOSING EACH OTHER S N Pushing Apart N S

2 ND MAGNETISM ACTIVITY  Magnetic Lines of Flux

N magnet S

THE EARTH IS A MAGNET

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS?

 North and south poles  “di”-poles  Break the magnet in half and you will have two separate magnets  3 dimensional field of attraction  Transfer magnetic properties

MAGNETIC DOMAINS

WHERE DOES IT COME FROM?

 Nature  Man-made materials from:    Ceramic Alnico (aluminum, nickel, & cobalt) Flexible rubber-like material  Created using current (electricity)

3 ND MAGNETISM ACTIVITY  Make an electromagnet with:  Wire  Iron bolt or nail  Battery 1.5volts

 Paperclips

USES FOR MAGNETS IN EVERYDAY LIFE    Cars  Power locks Homes       Door bells Microwaves TV’s Speakers Earrings Electricity Schools  Whiteboard Magnets

4 TH MAGNETIC ACTIVITY  Paperclip Pick-up  Procedures:  Students made predictions about how many paperclips they can pick up using the fishing pole magnet (1 only, 2, 3 etc.)  Using the fishing pole magnets, students test their predictions (no stacking allowed!)  Students will see that surface area affects the amount of paper clips the magnet can pick up (it’s not simply additive!)

MAGNETISM ACTIVITIES  “Magnetic Characteristics”  “Lines of Flux”  “Electromagnet”  “Paper Clip Pick Up”  Summarize findings & Review class worksheets

BASICS OF ELECTRICITY

4/26/2020 SAFETY NOTE      Always be careful around electricity. Make sure an adult is present during experiments and demonstrations using electricity.

Use only low voltage for demonstrations (6 volts dc or less) Take care to prevent shorts on batteries   Never allow the positive and negative terminals to touch the same metal object (short) Use plastic covers on batteries when not in use Never use electricity from a wall outlet in any of these classroom demonstration. Use the batteries and genecons provided.

• • • • ELECTRICITY BASICS Electricity is…..

The flow of electrons The energy sent out by batteries and generators (current electricity) The shock you can get from rubbing your feet on the carpet (static electricity) A bolt of lightning! (static electricity)

ALL MATTER IS MADE UP OF ATOMS

MATTER

(Diamond, coal)

ELEMENT

(Carbon, Oxygen )

ATOM

(particles)

ATOMS What is an Atom?

  The smallest component in all things Made up of three smaller particles  Protons (+)   Neutrons (no charge) Electrons (-)  Strive for stability  Charged atom = ion

OPPOSITES ATTRACT + + Attraction _ _  Particles with opposite charges attract each other.

CHARGED ATOM (ION) Stable Atom  Stable atoms have equal protons and electron  Stable atoms have no charge  Free electrons will seek positively charged ions to create stability

1 ST ELECTRICITY ACTIVITIES  “Opposites Attract”

STATIC ELECTRICITY  The imbalance of positive and negative charges  Example: a build up of negative charges in a storm cloud will travel to the ground in the form of lightening

STATIC ELECTRICITY   Start with a doorknob – no charge Walk along carpet: strip electrons from carpet that collect in your body… You become negatively charged  Approach the doorknob and the positive charges move toward you. Negative charges move away.

4/26/2020 STATIC ELECTRICITY  When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity.

 Now you and the doorknob have the same charge.

2 ND ELECTRICITY ACTIVITY  “Fun with Styrofoam”

CURRENT ELECTRICITY  Electric current is the movement of free electrons from atom to atom  To start the free electrons moving an electromotive force is needed.

 Generator  Batteries

3 RD ELECTRICITY ACTIVITIES  Demonstration of Electromotive Force  “Flow of Electrons”

SIMULATING ELECTRIC CURRENT

ELECTRICITY ACTIVITIES  “Flow of Electrons”  “Fun with Styrofoam”  Demonstration of Electromotive Force  Summarize Results & Review Class Worksheets

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

CURRENT ELECTRICITY  Electric current is the movement of free electrons from atom to atom  To start the free electrons moving an electromotive force is needed.

 Generator  Batteries  Must be in a circuit!

WHAT IS A CIRCUIT?

 A circuit is a conductor path for electric current to travel through.

 Current will flow only if the path is a complete loop from negative to positive

1 ST ELECTRICITY ACTIVITY  Make a Simple Circuit  Procedure:  Give students materials to make a circuit and allow them to explore connecting them in different ways to make the light bulb light  Allow students to find all the ways they can make the light bulb light  Discuss what are the necessary components of a circuit.

WHAT MAKES A SIMPLE CIRCUIT?

 1.

A simple circuit consists of: A source - battery or generator 2.

Conductors (path for current to flow) An electric resistor or electric load - light bulb or an electromagnet

OPEN CIRCUIT   A break in the pathway Electricity cannot flow CLOSED CIRCUIT   A complete pathway Electricity is able to flow OPEN AND CLOSED CIRCUITS

CONDUCTORS  Materials that pass electricity easily  Examples:  Copper  Silver  Gold  Aluminum  Most metals

INSULATORS  Materials that resist electricity flow  Examples:  Wood  Rubber  Porcelain  Glass  Air  Cloth  Paper

2 ND ELECTRICITY ACTIVITY Conductor vs. Insulator Experiment

VOLTAGE AND CURRENT

VOLTAGE & CURRENT  Voltage  Electric potential difference between two points  Pushes electrons  Measured in Volts  Comes from batteries, electric outlets, generators  Current  Flow of electrons  Measured in Amps  1 amp = 6,240,000,000,000,000 electrons moving past a point every second

VOLTAGE IS LIKE PRESSURE  Higher voltage pushes electrons to move faster (higher current)  Higher pressure pushes water to flow faster  You can have pressure without flow  You can have voltage without current

CURRENT IS LIKE WATER FLOW

 Flow of water is similar to flow of electrons  The pressure (voltage) determines how fast the water (electrons) move through the pipe (wire)  There is no current without voltage

SERIES CIRCUIT  In Thomas Edison’s day, most lights were connected in series (one after another)  Christmas tree lights are sometimes connected in series  What happens if we add another light bulb?

SERIES CIRCUIT – ADDING BULBS  Do the bulbs get brighter or dimmer?

 Why would they change?

 What if we add a million light bulbs?

2 ND ELECTRICITY ACTIVITY Series circuit demonstration

PARALLEL CIRCUIT  By making a loop for each bulb we can make a parallel circuit  What are the benefits?  What happens if we add another bulb?

PARALLEL CIRCUIT – ADDING BULBS  Will the brightness of the bulbs change?

 Why or why not?  What if we add a million bulbs?

3 RD ELECTRICITY ACTIVITY  Parallel circuit demonstration

2 ND ELECTRICITY ACTIVITY  Battery demonstration + + +

HOW DO YOU GET ELECTRICITY?

HOW IS ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATED?

 Coal Plant Simulation  (Adapted from NEED.org, Primary Energy Stories and More, A Cool Coal Story)

QUESTIONS TO PONDER  What would life be like without electricity?

 Are the electrical outlets in your house installed in series or parallel?

 Can you think of an example of a series circuit in real life?

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ELECTRIC CIRCUIT ACTIVITIES  Battery demonstration  Conductor vs. Insulator demonstration  Series circuit demonstration  Parallel circuit demonstration

REVIEW:  Basics of Magnetism  Exploring Magnets  Magnetic Characteristics  Ferromagnetic materials  Lines of Force/Flux – The Magnetic Field  Electromagnets  Magnets in Everyday Life

REVIEW:  Basics of Electricity:  Safety  Flow of Electrons  Opposite charges attract  Static Electricity  Current Electricity

REVIEW:  Electric Circuits:  Simple Circuits  Open and Closed Circuits  Conductors and Insulators  Series Circuits  Parallel Circuits  Voltage and Current

REFERENCES  www.srpnet.com/education  www.ieee.org

 http://teacher.scholastic.com/dirt/circuits/whatcirc.htm

  www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnets www.creativekidsathome.com/science/magnetexp.html

 www.howstuffworks.com

 www.eia.doe.gov/kids/glossary