Transcript Essentials of Public Speaking, 3e: Chapter 1

Persuasive
Speaking:
Individual or
Team
Essentials of
Public Speaking
Cheryl Hamilton
5th Edition
Chapter
12
Cheryl Hamilton, Ph.D.
Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning
Chapter 12 – Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
1.1
Key Ideas
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Definition of Persuasion
Types of persuasive speeches
Preparing a persuasive speech
Effective team presentations
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
1.2
Flashback . . .
The Greek general Pericles was known for the power and
persuasion of his oratory. He convinced . . .
The Delian Defense League to transfer their war
treasury to Athens (for safe keeping).
The Athenians to use this money for peace, not war—
To rebuild the Acropolis (previously destroyed
by the Persians).
To build the Parthenon.
To build the Great Temple of Athena.
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
1.3
Overview of Persuasion
 Persuasion occurs when you ethically but
intentionally organize your communication to
influence the attitudes, behaviors, and
choices of a specific audience (p.277)
 Persuasion is intentional
 Persuasive speakers use
influence not control
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
1.4
Persuasive vs. Informative Speeches
Persuasive speeches include . . .
– Supporting materials that prove
– Language and style involves an emotional appeal
– Forceful, direct, stylistic delivery that supports the
speaker’s credibility
– Organizational patterns such as problem-solution or
motivated sequence that can influence audience
opinion
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
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Parts of an Effective Argument
 The Aim - a position statement or the
conclusion you hope your audience will
reach
 The Evidence – supports the claim with
materials
 The Warrant – justifies the evidence and
shows how it supports the claim
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
1.6
The “Means of Persuasion”
 Ethos – the ethics or character of the speaker
 Pathos – refers to the emotional needs of the
audience
 Logos – the logical proof used to support
arguments
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
1.7
Types of Persuasive Speeches
 Speech to Convince – asks the audience to
agree with the speaker’s position
 Speech to Actuate – urges audience
members to . . .
– Continue doing something
– Stop doing something
– Never start doing something
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
1.8
Types of Persuasive Speeches
 Speech to stimulate or intensify social
cohesion
– Getting the audience more motivated, enthusiastic,
and or productive
– Getting the audience to recommit to a cause
– The key is on vivid emotional appeals and forceful,
dynamic delivery
Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning
Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
1.9
Preparing a Persuasive Speech
 Select the topic
– Select a topic that fits the assignment
– Select a topic that is controversial
– Select a topic you feel strongly about
– Select a topic you already know a lot about (if
possible)
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
1.10
Preparing a Persuasive Speech
 Decide on a position statement
– Statement of Fact: Is something true or false?
– Statement of Value: Is something good or bad; right
or wrong; wise or beautiful
– Statement of Policy: using facts and value
judgements to recommend a policy or solution
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
1.11
Preparing a Persuasive Speech
 Decide on the type of speech
– Convince
– Actuate
– Stimulate or intensify social cohesion
 Analyze audience attitudes toward your
position
– Opinions
– Beliefs
– Values
– Needs
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
1.12
Preparing a Persuasive Speech
 Prepare a rough-draft outline
 Research your topic
– Positions for and against your position
– Answers to major audience objections
– Additional benefits
 Select the best supporting materials
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
1.13
Preparing a Persuasive Speech
 Determine best how to organize main points
– Consider speech type
– Consider type of position statement
– Consider assignment requirements
 Choosing the best persuasive pattern
– Statement of fact – Claim, Cause-Effect-Solution
– Statement of value – Claim, Criteria Satisfaction
– Policy – Motivated Sequence
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
1.14
Using the Motivated Sequence
 Attention Step – grab listener’s attention
 Need Step – focus audience attention on a
specific problem
 Satisfaction Step – present a solution
 Visualization Step – present a future for the
audience (improved or undesirable)
 Action Step – challenge audience to take
action
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
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Plan Introduction and Conclusion
 Plan the introduction
– Attention getter
– Motivation to listen
– Evidence of your credibility
– State purpose and preview main points
 Plan the conclusion
– Summarize main points and position
– Conclude with a memorable ending and challenge
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
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Preparation Outline and Speaking Notes
 Preparation Outline
– Helps you better evaluate organization and arguments
– Formally structured
– Include transitions to link arguments
– List of references
– Brackets to indicate visuals
 Speaking Notes
– Prepare last
– Use few words
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
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Prepare Visual Aids and Rehearse
 Prepare visual aids
– Sketch out possible slides to make
– Prepare visuals according to graphic and text
guidelines
 Rehearse
– Delivery effects credibility
– Practice on your feet
– Practice speaking with a strong enthusiastic voice
– Practice with visual aids
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
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Characteristics of Team Presentations
 A team is composted of 5 – 7 members
 Involves collaborative organization and
presentation of content by team members
 Uses one of the following public discussion
formats:
– Form
– Symposium
– Panel
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
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Effective Team Presentations
 Well-organized, well-supported, smooth
flowing content
 Creative, professional and well-used Visuals
 Smooth polished, and dynamic team
performance
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
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Problem Solving for Teams
 Identify the problem
– When did the problem first arise?
– Who is affected?
– What are the implications?
– When must the problem be solved?
 Analyze the problem
– Determine what is known about the problem
– Determine audience objections about the problem
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
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Problem Solving for Teams
 Establish Criteria for
solutions
 List possible solutions
 Evaluate solutions
against the criteria
 Discuss how to
implement solutions
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
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Team Presentation Formats
 Forum
– Open audience participation
– Team addresses audience issues
 Symposium
– Each tem member present 2 – 20 minute speech on
one aspect of the topic
– Purpose of instruct or persuade
 Panel
– No formal speeches presented
– Team members informally discuss the problem or
issue
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Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
1.23
Persuasive
Speaking:
Individual or
Team
Essentials of
Public Speaking
Cheryl Hamilton
5th Edition
Chapter
12
Cheryl Hamilton, Ph.D.
Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning
Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team
1.24