Transcript MPEDA-NACA Technical Assistance on Shrimp Disease and

Responsible aquaculture
management practices
Aquamarkets, Manila
2nd-6th June 2003
Michael Phillips, NACA
Aquaculture for food
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Human populations on the increase
Capture fisheries production is limited
Aquatic meat is still a cheap protein in many
countries
Need to feed people
Aquaculture is essential to contribute to
demand-supply gap!
Globally fastest growing food production sector
Growing attention on aquaculture
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Media, lobby groups, civil society
organizations
Consumer awareness and
preferences
Human health concerns
Environmental issues
Social concerns and equity
Export oriented production for
affluent societies
Equitability of income and
poverty alleviation from export
oriented aquaculture
Food quality and safety concerns
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BSE, FMD, human health concerns
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Veterinary drugs and anti-microbials
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EU and USA regulations
No avian or mammalian material in livestock feed
Restrictions on feeding material from same species
Livestock, aquaculture
Chemical use in aquaculture
Human health repercussions
International rules and obligations
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WTO, SPS agreement
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Human health
Animal health
Doha – “Trade and development”
Fisheries given special attention
FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
Convention on Biological Diversity
CITES
National rules, bilateral agreements
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Labeling for EU, US markets
Responsible aquaculture
management and markets
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Traditionally, the only concern was product
quality and (post-harvest) food safety
Now, increasing recognition of the importance of
the food production process
Therefore, growing emphasis on the importance
of responsible aquaculture management
practices
Increasingly important to implement and have
systems in place that effectively communicate
and assure
Consortium program on
Shrimp farming and the environment
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“To analyse and share experiences on better management of
shrimp aquaculture in coastal areas”
Main partners are the World Bank, NACA, WWF and FAO.
Government, private sector and NGOs participated in activities,
totaling over 100 researchers in 20 countries
Funding - Bank-Netherlands partnership, AVINA and MacArthur
Foundation, FAO, in-kind support substantial
1999 -2002
Consortium program objectives
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Better understanding of key
issues
Encourage debate,
discussion and consensus
around these issues
Identify better management
practices (BMPs)
Evaluate cost, benefits and
barriers for adoption of BMPs
Strategies to support
implementation of BMPs
Special attention being given
to social issues, employment
and poverty
Consortium program structure
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Comprises 35 complementary case
studies on different aspects of
shrimp aquaculture
Over 100 researchers, 20 countries
Case studies on specific topics in:
 Asia
 Africa and the Middle East
 Latin America
Thematic reviews (studies of a
global nature)
Studies involve wide range of
stakeholders and consultations
Terms of Reference and study
reports circulated for public
discussion
Outcome of the consortium work
Issues to be addressed through
better management
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Shrimp farm siting and its impacts on habitats
Shrimp farm design and construction
Water use, quality, and effluent discharge
Shrimp PLs and wild broodstock/PL collection
Responsible use of chemicals, food quality and safety
Feed and feed management
Effluent and solid waste management
Shrimp health management
Employment and social impacts
Shrimp culture, rural development and poverty alleviation
For each of these, the consortium work has identified
“worse” and “better” practices.
On farm economic costs and benefits assessed
Reducing impacts on water resources
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Better practice:
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Minimize release of
nutrients and organic
matter
Reduced water
exchange
Economic benefits:
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Reduced energy costs
Reduce disease risk
Feed and feed management
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Better practice:
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Use of high quality feeds, efficient
use of fish meal
Feed monitoring
Feeding according to demand
Low FCR
Economic benefits:
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Substantial increase in profitability
Major findings
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Impacts can be managed
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Farm level (mostly)
Local area, national levels
Key better management practices can lead to
more profitable farming
Issue is providing incentives, and support for
implementation
Such results provide a basis for international
agreement on BMP principles (including possibly
certification systems)
Improvements in shrimp production:
examples from extensive farms in India
Shrimp crop production (kg.ha-1)
1000
800
600
Demo
400
Previous
crop
200
Ponds
0
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
D1
D2
Challenges ahead
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Much known about better management practice
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Market access moving towards product trace-ability
and certification of responsible practices:
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Implementation is a key factor
Farm to table (or farm to fork) approach
EU/US mandatory requirements for labeling
Aquaculture product certification
Transformation of the sector is a challenge:
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Large numbers of small-scale farmers!
Low investment, low input systems
Creating effective cooperation to support responsible farm
management practices
Providing supporting policy, legal, institutional framework
Participatory process towards agreeing responsible
practice?
Kandleru Creek, AP, India: FCC 432 IRS-1C LISS-III (20/02/01 )
Muttukuru
Kattuvapali
SP
Kr port
M
M
Pattapupalem
M
Venkatareddipalem
Cr mouth
Legend
Kr = Krisnapatnam
M = Mangrove
SP = Salt Pan
SF
Varagali
SF
SF
SF = Shrimp farm
Mn
Momidi
BK = Buckingham
CR = Creek
RF = Reserve Forest
Better farmer organization is a
way forward
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Local groups/“clubs”
can form the base of
the market chain
An example from India
 “Self-made” rules
and regulations:
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Don’t use antibiotics
How to provide such
progressive farming
groups business
incentives through
market access?
Empowering
producers?
Importance of partnerships
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Farmer-farmer
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Farmer-input suppliers
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Partnership along the market chain (for trace-ability) and also to reward
and support market access for farmers adopting better practice
Public-private
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Farmers to hatcheries, nurseries (chemical salesmen!), investors (in
sustainable practice)
Farmer-buyer-processor-exporters-importers-consumers
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Farmer groups have significant opportunities for local organization and
“self-help”
Farmer groups can be a building block for product supply
Farmer-farmer communication networks (complements limited extension)
Regulations and incentives that support better management
Support to communication and awareness building
Inter and intra-regional cooperation
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Harmonization of SPS measures (for trade, aquaculture chemicals)
Participation of stakeholders in standard setting (eg WTO, certification)
Addressing the challenge
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Responsible aquaculture management practice will be a
basic requirement for market access
Implementing better management practice represents an
opportunity to address problems, improve the sectors’
image, promote the sector’s development
Certification, and trace-ability of product will be required
However, the transition in the sector will not be easy.
Fair trade schemes that support sector’s development, and
small-scale farming sector are required
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Support to development of credible certification systems
will be required
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Better understanding of mechanisms and support required
Increased stakeholder participation, transparency, harmonized
approach, more bottom up approach
Need for harmonized, transparent, credible standards
Better partnerships
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For more information
www.enaca.org/shrimp
Thank you!