Transcript Information technology and the health sciences

Information technology and
the health sciences
Pr. François MANIEZ
Directeur du CRTT (Centre de Recherche en Terminologie et
Traduction)
Responsable du Master Langues (Mention Langues
Étrangères Appliquées)
Responsable du Master 2 et du doctorat LTMT (Lexicologie et
Terminologie Multilingues, Traductologie)
Université Lumière Lyon 2, 86 rue Pasteur 69365 Lyon
Cedex 7
04 78 69 72 13 [email protected]
The Institutes for the
Achievement of Human Potential
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medulla oblongata
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TA alternative for myelencephalon;
the truncated cone of nerve tissue
continuous above with the pons and
below with the spinal cord.
bulbe rachidien n. m. spinal bulb,
medulla oblongata
GDT : Partie basse du tronc cérébral
située entre la moelle cervicale et la
protubérance annulaire […].
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http://www.linguee.com/
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A translation tool combining an editorial dictionary and
a search engine with which you can search through
hundreds of millions of bilingual texts for words and
expressions. The Linguee search results are divided
into two sections.
On the left hand side you will see results from our
reliable editorial dictionary. The results are displayed
clearly and offer you a quick overview of the translation
options.
On the right hand side, you will find example sentences
from other sources to provide you with an impression
of how your search expression has been translated in
context.
Linguee will show translations for expressions such as
"strong evidence", "strong relationship" or "strong
opinion", and even for rare expressions or specific
technical terms.
Search for "thoracic wall" on Linguee
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General thoracic surgery is a surgical specialty and is dedicated to
diseases and injuries of the thoracic wall and all the organs in the
chest with the exception of the heart and aorta.
[...] générale est spécialisée dans les maladies et traumatismes de la
paroi thoracique et de tous les organes à l'intérieur de la cage
thoracique, à l'exception du cœur et de l'aorte.
Projection of thoracic viscera on the thoracic wall.
Projections des viscères thoraciques sur la paroi du tronc.
[...] significantly higher assessment in the vicinity of the thoracic
wall using image processing.
Nos évaluations sont nettement meilleures au voisinage de la paroi
thoracique avec le traitement d'image.
Pectoral Anatomy: the great pectoral is shaped like a fan and it
occupies most part of the thoracic wall.
[...] pectoral a la forme d'un éventail et occupe la plus grande partie
de la paroi thoracique.
[...] the body, neither too close to the thoracic wall nor turned out.
Coudes: Dans l'axe du corps, pas trop serrés contre la paroi
thoracique ni en dehors .
Observation #1
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The problems of specialized
translation are not restricted to the
mastery of specialized terminology.
Common words are more likely to
be polysemous and are
consequently another source of
difficulty.
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Pattern
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William J. Gladstone (2002)
(1) évolution caractéristique,
aspect, motif, disposition, schéma,
pattern, scénario, configuration.
(2) modèle, dessin
(3) morphologie d’un tracé, d’un
graphique
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American Heritage Dictionary
1.a. A model or an original used as an
archetype. b. A person or thing
considered worthy of imitation. […] 5. A
consistent, characteristic form, style, or
method.
[Middle English patron, from Old French.
from Medieval Latin patronus, from Latin,
from pater, patr-, father.
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crawling
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William J. Gladstone (2002)
crawl = 0
crawling (adj) : rampant
AHD 1. To move slowly on the
hands and knees or by dragging the
body along the ground; creep.
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The lessons I learned
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Be terminologically prepared!
The accuracy of a translation given by a
simultaneous interpreter very often
cannot be checked by either party.
It is translators’ moral duty not to abuse
the power they are entrusted with
Form is at least as important as content
for the recipient of a written translation
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The Master CISS curriculum
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Language skills (translation, writing)
Knowledge in the medical field
Information Technology
Master 2 de Communication Internationale en
Sciences de la Santé (Google: m2ciss)
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Core medical subjects
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Anatomy
Physiology
Semiology
Immunology
Cellular biology
Statistics
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The role of information technology
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An ally for physicians and medical
writers
An ally, but also a potential threat
for translators (CAT vs. MT)
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Google Translate
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With the increasing availability of nonsurgical
therapies for conditions previously treated by
surgery (peptic ulcer disease and reflux
oesophagitis come to mind), the pool of patients
who may benefit from some of the new
approaches is shrinking.
Avec la disponibilité de thérapies non
chirurgicales pour augmenter préalablement
traitées par des conditions de la chirurgie (ulcère
gastroduodénal et de l'oesophagite de reflux de
l'esprit), le bassin de patients qui bénéficient de
certaines des nouvelles approches peuvent se
rétrécit.
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Google : travauxmaniez
MANIEZ, François (2008) : « Traduction
automatique et ambiguïté syntaxique : le cas de
la coordination dans les groupes nominaux
complexes en anglais médical » in HEIDEN, Serge
et Bénédicte PINCEMIN (dir.) JADT 2008 : actes
des 9es journées internationales d'analyse
statistique des données textuelles, Lyon, 12-14
mars 2008, pp. 765-776. Lyon: Presses
universitaires de Lyon (http://www.cavi.univparis3.fr/lexicometrica/jadt/jadt2008/pdf/maniez.
pdf).
This technique is very
attractive
conceptually, although
many important
questions about the
physiologic function
and duration of
effect of the
expressed gene will
need to be addressed
before its importance
in the modification of
vascular diseases can
be determined.
Cette technique est très
attrayante
conceptuellement, bien
que beaucoup de
questions importantes
au sujet de la fonction
physiologique et de
la durée de l'effet du
gène exprimé doivent
être abordées avant
que son importance
dans la modification
des maladies
vasculaires puisse être
déterminée.
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GT and syntactic ambiguities
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We compared the antiemetic
efficacy and safety of
ondansetron with that of two other
drugs.
Nous avons comparé l'efficacité
antiémétique de l'ondansétron et la
sécurité avec celle des deux autres
médicaments.
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Management algorithms would be more
useful than figures showing anecdotal
responses to cholesterol-lowering
medications or photographs of patients
doing push-ups
Algorithmes de gestion serait plus utile
que des chiffres montrant des réponses
anecdotiques aux hypocholestérolémiants
ou des photographies de patients faisant
push-ups
Le push-up, mouvement vulgairement connu sous le nom de
« pompe », a pour dénomination scientifique le terme
«redressement brachial». Le terme est toutefois peu usité.
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In general, the probability of
physical dependence increases as
the daily dose and duration of
treatment increase.
En général, la probabilité de
dépendance physique augmente à
mesure que la dose journalière et la
durée de l'augmentation de
traitement.
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The acquisition of information on the
overall diagnosis and management of
patients with gastrointestinal bleeding
has become easier with the availability of
this book.
L'acquisition d'information sur le
diagnostic et la gestion globale des
patients atteints de saignements gastrointestinaux est devenu plus facile avec la
disponibilité de ce livre.
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Repeated endoscopic
examinations and analyses of
stools did not reveal pathologic
findings.
La répétition des examens
endoscopiques et des analyses de
selles n'ont pas révélé de résultats
pathologiques.
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The options for treatment include
corticosteroids, cerebrospinal fluid
shunting procedures, and surgical
removal or decompression of cysts.
Les options de traitement comprennent
les corticostéroïdes, les procédures de
triage céphalo fluide, et l'ablation
chirurgicale de décompression ou de
kystes.
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Second, hemochromatosis can be
detected before any clinical signs or
symptoms of disease develop and even
before hepatic iron loading occurs.
Deuxièmement, l'hémochromatose peut
être détectée avant que des signes ou
symptômes cliniques de la maladie de
développer et avant même que la
surcharge en fer hépatique survient.
French for ‘hepatic iron loading’?
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GDT : iron loading test = épreuve
d'hypersidérémie provoquée
G : Aucun résultat trouvé pour
"hypersidérémie hépatique".
G : "hepatic iron loading" hépatique
Il est défini par l'association d'une
surcharge hépatique en fer de type ...
Les mécanismes aboutissant à une
surcharge hépatique en fer sont une
absorption intestinale ..... Implications for
hepatic iron loading in iron overload
states. ...
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"surcharge hépatique en fer" > 3m
"surcharge en fer hépatique" >1,5m
What skills should be mastered?
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Word processing
Data Base Management programs
(compiling glossaries)
Computer Assisted Translation software
Corpus linguistics
Finding relevant medical and linguistic
information on line
Assessing the linguistic validity of Internet
content
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Corpus building and information
retrieval
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The duplex scan confirmed severe
reflux (grades III and IV) in ...
valves in 4 other limbs. Severe
reflux was seen on the descending ...
descending phlebography, more severe
reflux was found on duplex scanning. ...
0.076).
11 limbs with severe
reflux (grades III or IV) detected ...
while only 2 limbs with severe
reflux on descending phlebography would
have ...
with post-thrombotic changes had severe
reflux on duplex
scan (chi sup ...
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Automatic detection of syntactically
ambiguous structures
The ability of PET to detect cancer is
based on the altered substrate
requirements of malignant cells,
which result from increased
nucleic acid and protein
synthesis and glycolysis.
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Using search engines to access online
multilingual translation corpora
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"acharnement thérapeutique" inurl:europarl.
 over-treatment, aggressive treatment
encarnizamiento terapéutico >32m, accanimento
terapeutico 512m, encarniçamento terapêutico
>1,5m  obstinação terapêutica >9m,
verbissenen Einsatzes der Medizin (1)
Linguee :therapeutic intervention, aggressive
(medical) treatment, therapeutic obstinacy,
artificial prolongation of life, life-prolonging
measures, intrusive medical interventions
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Using search engines to check the
currency of a given phrase
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Search engines can be used to look
for translations of multi-word units
or collocations
Whole « chunks » can be
reproduced by non-native English
speakers for writing or translation
purposes  Do not be afraid to
translate into English.
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Assessing the linguistic validity of
Internet content
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Dispelling a tendency to an overly
naive approach
Much of the content is not peerreviewed
A non-negligible amount of the
scientific information that is
available online is posted by nonnatives
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Detection and search of online
glossaries, translators’ mailing
lists and web sites, medical data
bases
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Glosspost
ProZ
The Unified Medical Language System
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Sources for translation equivalents
60% : paper dictionary
 10% : online data base or
dictionary
 10% : human expert
 20% : found on the Web
Information technology has become
an ally that cannot be ignored by
language specialists who work in the
medical field.
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Polysemy problems in the
definition of a medical term
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the pyramidal region between the upper thoracic
wall and the upper limb, its base formed by the skin
and apex bounded by the approximation of the
clavicle, coracoid process, and first rib […]
Google images : coracoid process
GT : La région pyramidale entre la paroi supérieure
thoraciques et du membre supérieur, sa base
formée par la peau et l'apex délimité par le
rapprochement de la clavicule, coracoïde, et la
première côte.
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approximate
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Function:adjective
Etymology:Late Latin approximatus, past participle
of approximare to come near, from Latin ad- +
proximare to come near
1 : located close together *approximate leaves*
2 : nearly correct or exact *an approximate
solution*
Function:verb
1 a : to bring near or close b : to bring (cut edges
of tissue) together2 : to come near to or be close to
in position, value, or characteristics *a child tries to
approximate his parents' speech*
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approximation
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1 : the act or process of drawing together
2 : the quality or state of being close or
near *an approximation to the truth* *an
approximation of justice*
3 : something that is approximate;
especially : a mathematical quantity that
is close in value to but not the same as a
desired quantity
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process
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Function:noun
Etymology:Middle English proces, from Middle French, from Latin
processus, from procedere
1 a : PROGRESS, ADVANCE *in the process of time* b :
something going on : PROCEEDING
2 a (1) : a natural phenomenon marked by gradual changes that
lead toward a particular result *the process of growth* (2) : a
natural continuing activity or function *such life processes as
breathing* b : a series of actions or operations conducing to an
end; especially : a continuous operation or treatment especially
in manufacture
3 a : the whole course of proceedings in a legal action b : the
summons, mandate, or writ used by a court to compel the
appearance of the defendant in a legal action or compliance with
its orders
4 : a prominent or projecting part of an organism or organic
structure *a bone process*
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the pyramidal region between the upper thoracic
wall and the upper limb, its base formed by the skin
and apex bounded by the approximation of the
clavicle, coracoid process, and first rib […]
région de forme pyramidale située entre la partie
supérieure de la paroi thoracique et le membre
supérieur, et dont la base est constituée par [la
peau / l’épiderme] et le sommet délimité par le
point de rencontre de la clavicule, de l’apophyse
coracoïde et de la première côte.
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Medical terms (coracoid process) can be found in
Termium or the GDT
The GDT can be used in several modes
(definition)
Collocations (thoracic wall) cannot always be
found in those terminological data bases
Syntactic ambiguities and polysemy have to be
detected by the user
ex: heart sound (microphone / recording) in
Termium and the GDT
G : "enregistrement * bruits * coeur"