Transcript The EU Institutions and Mechanism

The EU
Institutions and
Mechanism
?
• INTERNATIONALIZATION
• GLOBALIZATION
• INTEGRATION
The EU Institutions and Mechanism
STAGES OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
Free Trade Zone
Customs Union
Common Market
Economic Union
Political and Economic Union
Supranational
integration
X
Intergovernmental
co-operation
• Community method of supranational
integration
features :
1) goal - higher level of integration
2) superiority of political goals
(F-G reconciliation)
3) supranational central institution
History
• 1947 - 59 “First steps” - Learning
• 1951 TREATY OF PARIS - ECSC
• 1957 TREATY OF ROME - EEC and
EUROATOM (EAEC)
History - continue
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1965 Merger treaty - EC
1986 Single Act signed (1987 SA in force)
1992 Maastricht treaty = TEU (1993 in force)
1997 Amsterdam
2000 Treaty of Nice
2003 Athens – Accesson treaties
2004 East Enlargement
2004 Treaty on European Constitution signed
INSTITUTIONS
European Council = Council of EU = Summit heads of
governments since 1975 twice a year
( X Council of Europe )
Council of Ministers
- ministers with different agendas :
ECOFIN – ministers of finance
Etc.
The Council - voting
The number of votes each member state can cast
is set by the Treaties.
The Treaties also define cases in which:
• a simple majority,
• a qualified majority
• or unanimity
are required.
Qualified majority
From 1 November 2004 will be reached if the following two
conditions are met:
• if a majority of member states approve in some cases a two-thirds
majority); (MIN 16)
• a minimum of 232 votes is cast in favour of the proposal, i.e. 72.3
% of the total (321) (almost the same like before)
• In addition, a member state may ask for confirmation that the
votes in favour represent at least 62% of the total population of the
Union. If this is found not to be the case, the decision will not be
adopted.
Distribution of votes for each member state
(from 01/11/2004)
Germany, France, Italy, United
Kingdom
29
Spain, Poland
27
13
12
Netherlands
Belgium, Czech Republic, Greece,
Hungary, Portugal
Austria, Sweden
Denmark, Ireland, Lithuania, Slovakia,
Finland
Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg,
Slovenia
Malta
TOTAL
10
7
4
3
321
The Presidency
2004
• EC(Oct 2002) confirmed the
rota order until the end of
2006:
January-June:
Ireland
July-December:
Netherlands
2005
• EC will decide on the order of
the Presidencies for 2007 and
the following years by 1 May
2005 at the latest.
January-June:
Luxembourg
July-December:
United Kingdom
2006
January-June:
Austria
July-December:
Finland
Presidency – 2007-20
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2007 – D, Port.
2008 – SL, FR
2009 – CR, S
2010 – E, B
2011 – H, PL
2012 – DK, CY
2013 – IRL, LI
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2014 – EL, IT
2015 – LT, LUX
2016 – NL, SK
2017 – M, UK
2018 – EST, BG
2019 – A, ROM
2020 - FIN
European Commission
• 25 members:
President and Commissioners
(each country 1)
• General Directorates + special institutions
Starting November 22, 2004
Barroso´s Commission
is comming…
Appointments
José Manuel Barroso
Margot Wallström
Günter Verheugen
Jacques Barrot
Siim Kallas
Franco Frattini
Viviane Reding
Stavros Dimas
Joaquín Almunia
Danuta Hübner
Joe Borg
President, Portuguese
Vice President, Institutional Relations and
Communication Strategy, Swedish
Vice President, Enterprise and Industry, German
Vice President Transport, French
Vice President Administrative Affairs, Audit
and Anti-Fraud, Estonian
Vice PresidentJustice, Freedom
and Security, Italian
Information Society and Media, Luxembourger
Environment, Greek
Economic and Monetary Affairs, Spanish
Regional Policy, Polish
Fisheries and Maritime Affairs, Maltese
Dalia Grybauskaitė
Janez Potočnik
Ján Figel
Appointments- continue
Financial Programming and Budget, Lithuanian
Science and Research, Slovenian
Education, Training, Culture and
Multilinguism, Slovakian
Markos Kyprianou
Health and Consumers Protection, Cypriot
Olli Rehn
Enlargement, Finnish
Louis Michel
Development and Humanitarian Aid, Belgian
László Kovacs
Taxation and Customs Union, Hungarian
Neelie Kroes
Competition, Dutch
Mariann Fischer Boel Agriculture and Rural Development, Danish
Benita Ferrero-Waldner External Relations and European
Neighbourhood Policy, Austrian
Charlie McCreevy
Internal Market and Services, Irish
Vladimir Špidla
Employment, Social Affairs and Equal
Opportunities, Czech
Peter Mandelsor
Trade, British
Andris Piebalgs
Energy Latvian
DG Services:
Agriculture
Competition
Economic and financial affairs
Education and culture
Employment and social affairs
Energy and transport
Enterprise
Environment
Fisheries
Health and Consumer Protection
Information society
Internal Market
Joint research
Centre Justice and home aafairs
Regional policy
Research
Taxation and custom union
Development
Enlargement
Europe Aid – co-operationforeign relations
Humanitarian aid
Trade
DG Services- continue:
INTERNAL SERVICE S
GENERAL SERVICES
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European Anti-Fraud Office
Eurostat
Press and Communications
Publication Office
Secretariat general
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Budget
Group of Policy Advisers
Informatics
Internal Audit Service
Interpretation
Legal Service
Personnel and Administration
Translation
European Parliament
• 626 members for 5 years Till 2004
elections:
• 732 members after June elections
• Direct elections since 1979
European Parliament
Strasbourg – main seat
European Parliament
EP Political fractions composition
EP Political fractions
Political groups:
PPE-DE
Group of the European People's Party (Christian
Democrats) and European Democrats
PSE
Group of the Party of European Socialists
ELDR
Group of the European Liberal, Democrat and Reform
Party
GUE/N
GL
Confederal Group of the European United Left/Nordic
Green Left
Verts/A
LE
Group of the Greens/European Free Alliance
UEN
Union for Europe of the Nations Group
EDD
Group for a Europe of Democracies and Diversities
NI
Non-attached
Institutions- continue
• European Community Court of Justice
• Court of Auditors
The Court of Justice
of the European Communities
The Court of Justice is made up
of 25 Judges and
8 Advocates-General
appointed for 6 years.
The Court of First Instance
• 1 President (elected from
among the judges)
25 judges (5 chambers each
composed of 3 or 5 judges)
• The Court of First Instance is
currently composed of 25
Judges, at least one from each
Member State. The Judges are
appointed for a renewable term
of six years by common accord
of the governments of the
Member States.
• Subject-matter of actions: all
matters, including:
• agriculture
• State aid
• competition
• commercial policy
• regional policy
• social policy
• institutional law
• trade mark law
• transport
• Staff Regulations
INSTITUTIONS - continue
• ECB – European Central bank
• ESCB – Eropean System of Central Banks
European Central Bank
(Frankfurt a.M.)
European Central Bank
• ECB + the national central banks together =
=Eurosystem
= the central banking system of the euro area.
• The main objective of the Eurosystem:
to maintain price stability
= safeguarding the value of the euro.
President of the ECB
J.C.Trichet
Former Governor of the Banque de
France
appointed starting Nov 1, 2003 by
common accord of the
governments of the Member
States that have adopted the euro
at the level of Executive Heads.
He succeed Willem F. Duisenberg,
who had been President of the ECB
from 1 June 1998
Institutions - continue
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EIB
COREPER
Economic and Social Council
Council of Regions
Specific Agencies
LEGISLATION
• Common body (acquis communataire)
-----------------------------------------------------• Primary legislation
• Secondary legislation :
* Regulations
* Directives
* Decisions
* Recommendations, Opinions, Resolutions and
Declarations
LEGISLATION - continue
• 3 types of legislative procedures :
Consultation
Co-operation
Co-decisions
Policy “integration level” of the
EU
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COMMON POLICY
POLICY CO-ORDINATION
CONSULTED POLICY
INDEPENDENT POLICY
3D EU Integration Process
• Enlargement
• Widening
• Deepening