Transcript Smart Water Solutions

Smart Water Solutions
as a key to Reduce Poverty
Henk Holtslag
Connect International
Walter Mgina
SHIPO
November 2009
Who are the poor ?

Rural 75 %
(50 % small farmers, 22 % landless,
8% fishermen, forest dwellers, .)

Urban 20%
Hans Eenhoorn, Hunger task force
How to increase production?
Increase fertility, Inputs
 Improve skills
 Acces to market
…
 WATER

Investigations on high benefits
of water
Per 1$ invested:
 5 - 28 $ WASH
(SIWI / WHO 2004)
5 - 60 $ Home treatment (WHO 2008)
 10- 20 $ Multiple use
(MUS 2008)
 Safe Water most effective single
action to reduce poverty. UN university 2008

Water is essential for 8 MDGs,
For water and sanitation, 84% of the
unserved live in rural areas (UNICEF / WHO 2008)
Hence the need for decentralised,
small scale options
Why 50% of the hand pumps fail



Too complex
Too expensive
No ownership
Old “Appropriate
Technologies”:



Stone-age image
Bad design
No private sector
Lessons learned For sustainability:

R
Repairability over reliability.
Simple, affordable, available

Step by Step, adapt technology to the people
Now it is often the other way around

Profit for all involved, private sector
Profit based sustainability, create value chains

3 C`s of marketing, Cost ,… , …

Simple is not easy
Propositions
1 To reach MDG 1, it is more costeffective to invest in family systems
than in communal water systems
2 With the new Home Water Treatment
options, unsafe water sources are not
a problem anymore.
New Smart Solutions for

Wells

Pumps

Storage

Ground water recharge

Irrigation

Treatment (drinking water)

Sanitation

Hygiëne
Wells

Manual drilling
Rota-sludge, Baptist
Tanzania
Water points reduced
from $ 3000 to $ 600
4”casing 30m, rope pump

Bolivia
Family system $ 100
30 m deep, incl. PVC pump
Pumps

Suction pump for
irrigation

1.5 million used in
Asia and Africa

Cost $ 15 – 100

Generates income
$100 - 400 / year
Treadle pump
Pumps

Pressure pump,
domestic use

5 - 40 meters deep

20.000 installed in
Bolivia

Cost: $ 20 - 80
Baptist, EMAS
Pumps

Water powered

Lifts to 200 m high
(AIDFI)

Cost: $ 200 - ..
Ram Pumps
Pumps

Improved Volanta
pump

Till 100 m deep

Cost: ca $ 2000
Afri pump
Pumps

Communal, Domestic
use

4 million users

Cost: $ 30 - 150

Broken piston pumps
replaced by rope pump
(Malawi)
Rope pump
Models for 2m dug
wells to 2 “boreholes
Nicaragua

80.000 installed. National standard

Shift piston pumps to rope
pumps increased rural water
supply 3 x faster than other
countries.

95% functioning

$ 70. Affordable for families

Profit based sustainability
those involved make profit
Zimbabwe, Malawi, Uganda

1.5 million users now

15 million in 2015

May reach water MDG!
Ghana

Worldbank
funded project

80% defect
after 1 year

Errors

Devil is in detail

Simple is not
easy…
Rope pumps with
Pedal, Horse, Engine, Wind
Storage
Wire cement tank
Emas underground tank, Plastic lined tank.

Bricks, bamboo

1 bag of
cement / m3

Volumes
1 – 50 m3
Groundwater recharge

Plants, Vetiver

Spate irrigation

Tube recharge
Irrigation
Pepsi drip, Nica drip, Easy drip



small farmers, < 2 Ha
They can manage simple
low cost irrigation
Income / food security
Rope pump + KB drip (No storage tank)
Cost $40/ 400 m2
Multiple use
Irrigation of tomatoes + Domestic use for 10 families
(Payback 6 months)
Home Water Treatment (POU)
Boiling, Chlorine, Silverdyne, Plation,
PUR, SODIS, Biosand
New water filters
Reduce diarrhoea up to 64% (Unicef / WHO)
Candle
CWP
Family straw
Siphon
Ceramic Water Purifier
produced in 24 countries

Local skills
, materials

$ 10- 20
Siphon filter
Eliminates
- Turbidity
- All bacteria
- $ 6 - 12
Water quality: Hach test, used by UNICEF

presence of E-coli

1.5 US$ / test

www.hach.com
Raw
Filtered
Bottled
Boiled
Sanitation

Ferti slabs

With urine
diversion
(fertiliser)

Cost; 2/3 bag
of cement
Sanitation

Safi Sana
Improved collection

Peepoo bag
Cost 2 cent / bag
Hygiëne
Tippy Tap
Families copy it (after critical mass)
Educational for schools
Low cost options for almost all problems

Quality can improve with
HWT ; Chlorine, Filters
Upgrading hand dug wells

Quantity can increase with
Manual drilling
Locally produced Emas and Rope pumps
Rainwater harvesting, Tube recharge, rooft.
Replace broken piston pumps, rope pumps.
Open well
to
Cover
pump
+
MDG water point
+
filter
Cost – Benefit of Smart -Techs
More water with Rope pump
Nicaragua:


In
Out
$ 1 mln aid, one time investment
$ 10 mln / year increase GNP
Family
 In
$ 60 cost of a family pump
 Out $ 220/ year increased income
Zimbabwe;pump+recharge =80 people food all year
Zambia; 1 pump generates 100 – 400 $/ yr
Benefits Home Water Treatment
Country level
 Cost:
2 $/cap.1time investment social marketing
 Benefit: Reduction of 50% of hospital beds. (Now
taken by patients with waterborne disease)
Family Level
 Cost:
3 $/yr for disinfection, 10$ for water filter
 Benefit: 20 to 100 $ / year. Less expenses, more
time
Example. 10$ water filters in cholera area in
Zimbabwe. None of users had Cholera
How to scale up?
 Create
“awareness”
All stakeholders should be aware of new
options.
1000 fold scaling up of good examples
 Simple
is not easy
Good quality requires training, follow up
Information
Smart series on
 Water
 Sanitation
 Water Harvesting
 Financing
www.nwp.nl
Wikipedia for water & sanitation
www.akvo.org
www.waterchannel.org
…
Smart-Tech Centers
- Demonstrate options, adequate for region
- Hands on training, production,use, marketing
MDG? Capacity building is the key
With Smart techs, water for all is more
possible than ever before
Dank u wel
Suggestions

Increase WASH aid, guaranteed benefit of 5 to 60 x investment

First focus on HWT options. Create supply chains
300 in 6 idea : 2% Dutch aid, 5 yrs

Use subsidy communal supply for family systems
Ej 40$/cap x 5 = 200 $ Baptist system 100 $, bigger system? Credit

Replace broken piston pumps by rope pumps. 200$/pump

Smart-tech centres in all regions

Applied R&D for further cost reduction
Statements ?
Connect International
A non profit organization
Mission
 Community development with Smart concept (Smart techs and
Innovative survey and monitoring.)
Services
 Hands on training in Smart Techs, Survey, Monitoring
 Adaptation of Smart techs to local situation
 Creation of Smart tech centres
Strategy
 Cooperation with government, NGOs and private sector
 Awareness creation, networking in water platforms
Where
 Africa. Ghana, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe
 Latin America. Nicaragua, El Salvador, Columbia
 Asia.
India, Vietnam, Phillipines