Transcript Amandla Resource Development Consortium (ARDC)

Amandla Resource
Development Consortium
(ARDC)
Presentation
“Solid Biomass to Renewable Energy
(BTRE) ”
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
1
Who are;
“Amandla Resource
Development Consortium”?
• ARDC & its direct associates are active in Renewable Energy &
Local Community Development.
• Mainly in KZN, for 12 years, since 1998.
• Mission : “Renewable Energy, Community & Sustainable
Project Development”.
• Amandla: “Empowerment” - through Renewable Energy!
2
ARDC Biomass Types - REFIT
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Forestry:
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Sugar Cane: (not Bagasse that is already delivered to a mill acceptable for COFIT not REFIT).
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Vine clippings, Orchard prunings, Stover and cobs, Bush-clearing waste residues, Alien plant eradication
biomass, Animal wastes etc. √ for NERSA “Solid Biomass”
Short-rotation Energy Crops:
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Post-harvest Sugar Cane tops & Trash √ for NERSA “Solid Biomass”.
General Agricultural Biomass residues:
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Currently unutilised Forest Brushwood, post-harvest toppings, stumps etc. √ for NERSA “Solid Biomass”
Forest smaller diameter logs (arising from more-efficient whole tree harvesting). √ for NERSA “Solid Biomass”
(Bamboo, Moringa, Miscanthus etc that can be ‘out-grown’). √ for NERSA “Solid Biomass”
Municipal: In compliance with NEMA and Waste Act
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Green biomass (garden) waste. √ for NERSA “Solid Biomass”
Dried sewage plant sludge, dried abattoir waste/ effluent.
General Municipal house-hold garbage (can only be processed in specialised equipment).
Landfill site solid bio-degradable mass (can only be processed in specialised equipment).
Landfill gas extraction (qualifies for a different REFIT tariff rate than solid biomass)
3
ARDC (Solid) Biomass Sources
• Commercial forest owners & companies
• Community forest / wood-lot owners and
(rural) Traditional Authority entities
• Commercial Cane-grower consortiums
• Small-scale cane growers (Rural communities)
• Municipalities (for green garden waste & MSW)
• Contract Future energy-crop out-growers
• Other agricultural “waste” i.e. pruning's etc.,
distilleries and pulp/ paper-mill outflows
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
4
Biomass Sources: Sugar Cane Tops
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5
Relative Proportions of Tree
Components (Avg. Trees)
• Branch wood
& Tops
• Foliage
• Stem wood
• Stump wood
• Root wood
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6
Source
Total Available
Underutilized Portion
(Gross Yields million/tons) (million/tons)
Forest Timber
9,4 (hard & soft wood)
1,96
Sugar Cane
15,4
3,61
Municipal Waste
3,2 (all types)
0,96 (green garden waste)
Totals
28,1
6,53
Bamboo biomass
2250 ha @120 t/ha
0,27 (Future)
Requirement for
10,6 MWe Electric power
Only 120,000 tons / annum at
each 12MW power
ave. 35% moisture or 1,8%
plant (10.56MWe)
of the available &
underutilised 6,53 m tons /
annum
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
7
Biomass Sources: Bamboo.
Short-rotation new Biomass plantations
– Bamboo is the top 3 biomass producer amongst
all plants.
– Multiple uses; Energy/ food/ furniture/ flooring/
poles/ bio-char/ fodder.
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Irrigated in optimal growing conditions –
minimum 150 tons (dried) per ha per annum on
maturity or on dryland 40 to 60 tons (dry) per ha
per annum or more in many recorded cases.
– Water usage = 50%/ kg, compared to Gum tree
or Sugar Cane.
– 50 -100 years without replanting.
– Allows Inter-cropping (food crops).
– Carbon absorption 35% greater than trees = 100
tonne/ ha and up to 223 tonne/ Ha / annum.
– D o A & E Species - Type Approval √
– Can grow on marginal soils and is useful for soil
fertility, soil-binding for erosion control.
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8
Biomass Sources: Various
Short-rotation new Biomass plantations
Clockwise from top left:
• Bales of cane tops
• Poplar Trees
• Casuarina trees
• Sweet Sorghum
• Forest post-harvest
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[email protected]
9
Bio-Mass Harvesting Equipment
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10
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
11
ARDC's Biomass to Renewable Energy
(BTRE) Streams
ARDC has Evaluated Technologies for converting Biomass to;
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Pellets & Briquettes,
Bio-Gas,
Process Steam
Electricity
and Bio-Fuels such as
• Fuel-grade Alcohol,
• Bio-Diesel &
• Bio-GTL Diesel
• It Concluded that the focus should be on Electricity and Diesel
• This presentation is mainly based on Electricity output
• ARDC has several smaller projects in preparation also for Bio-GTL Diesel.
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
12
Biomass-to-Electricity Power plants
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13
Biomass to Liquid Bio-Fuel
Processing Plants
Input Bio mass
Agricultural waste
MSW (municipal solid waste)
Domestic / community waste
All Plastics
Animal residues
Crude oils residues
Waste oils & Fats
Sludge waste
Processed & Cut materials
Output
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Bio-GTL EN 590 clean Diesel fuel
Distilled water
Ash = Fertilizer (1-3%)
CO 2 (Re-entered in the process)
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14
Bio-Mass to Electric power
explained
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15
Biomass Technical Specs
Bio Mass Type
Variety
%
Dry
Basis
Sugar
Cane
Saligna
Grandis
Saligna
(Grandis)
Bamboo
Wattle
Other
Garden
Waste
Post
Harvest
Tops &
Trash
Post
Harvest
residues
Estimates
Round-log
wood chip
Bambusa
Culms
Chipped
Round-log
woodchip
Chipped
Energy Value
[Dry Basis]
Mj/
Kg
17
to18.5
17 to19
19.41
17.0 to
18.5 *
18.99
14-16
Ash *
%
4.3%
+2%
0.53%
>2%
0.41%
2-5%
Sulphur
%
0.1%
0.30%
0.24%
0.03%
0.2%
Kg/ Gj
0.05
0.15
0.12
0% to
0.1%
0 to 0.05
0.15
0.09
%
79%
80%
83.19%
76%
42.2
84.86%
80%+
%
15%
SunDried
30% as
received
6.43%
min ***
30% ave
12%
SunDried
6.46%
Min***
30% ave
Variable
Volatiles
Moisture
Content
(ex field)
Kg/ Gj
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
16
ARDC BTE Project Sites
• Mainly in Rural KZN but also in E Cape and southern
Mpumalanga provinces.
• Next to / close to existing Eskom Sub stations.
• Will contribute to decentralised grid stability.
• Have access to water or specialised water recycling and
treatment plants.
• Have advanced or In–progress Environmental approvals.
• Situated at epicentres of bulk biomass supplies.
• Contribute to job-creation, SMMEs and BBBEE development.
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
17
ARDC Biomass Pricing Objectives
• BTE (Electricity) Plants should generate electricity
continuously, without need for excessive storage &
must contribute to decentralised base-load gridstability.
• Should provide Incentives to;
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Recover & Deliver currently underutilised biomass to BTEs
Grow new energy crops such as Bamboo/ Moringa/ Poplar
Create long-term sustainable employment in this process
Establish new SMME & BBBEE entities as service entities
Provide Training & Mentorship for all the above
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
18
Indicative Delivered Biomass Costs
• The following costs per tonne, include recovery,
compaction, delivery & incentive margin (2010/11):
2010
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Forest brush wood toppings Chipped
R 240
Forest round log wood (used for Pulp)
R 420
Sugar cane tops and trash milled
R 240
Bamboo energy crop (new) at source
R 220
Municipal garden waste (mainly Del cost) R 70
Chipped & delivered R 120
2012
R 300
R 580!
R 290
R 300
R 140
R 200
In addition, if this biomass must be further baled, pre-processed (shredded
or chipped), and dried, to render it suitable for processing (add-on cost
range approx. R 30 to R 80/tonne for chipping/ shredding and drying).
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
19
ARDC Biomass Power Plant Costs:
per KWh
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Biomass feedstock
Salaries & Wages
Other factory expenses
Sub total
Fixed asset repayments
Total cost break down
www.amandlaresources.com
40,1%
15,5%
10,6%
66,2%
33,8%
100.00%
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20
ARDC Employment, SMME / BBBEE
Opportunities
• Each 12 MW (10.5MWe) plant, including plant operation,
biomass supply side logistics, biomass growing & recovery
will create 1,200 jobs (including 12 SMME / BEEs each
employing 10 persons) in the complete supply-chain.
• Capital investment cost per job – R 365,000 averaged
• These jobs are sustainable for 12 months of the year , for
the full operational life of the project(s).
• Excludes plant manufacturing construction & build costs
that create additional, interim project-development
employment.
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
21
ARDC Employment: (2)
SMME / BBBEE Opportunities
Category
Per 12 MWe CAPEX
R’m
BTE Plant Operation
117
328
Supply Side Logistics & harvesting
181
21
Biomass Plantation 1200 ha
302
89
Total Direct Jobs
600
438
Add Indirect Jobs (Source TH/CSIR)* 600
Total Jobs per BTE
1200
438
Total ARDC Jobs (2X12 & 2X 24MWe) 2400
All BTEs - 2400 plus 4368 = 6768
Cost per Job
SMME / BEE Opportunities
12
SMME / BEE Jobs
112
Cost/ new
job R’000
2,800
116
295
730
365
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
Per 24 MW
138
350
604
1092
1092
2184
4368
CAPEX
R’m
647
42
175
864
Cost/ new
job R’000
4,688
120
290
791
864
396
24
224
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Potential ARDC Customers for
Electricity & Bio-GTL Diesel
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Major Corporates*
Transport Companies*
Forestry Companies*
Municipalities*
Eskom (via NERSA) –next tender round 03/2012
Oil Companies*
• * = Already engaged
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
23
(ZCSD) a Section 21,
Not-for-Profit NGO
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Permaculture and organic farming
Food Gardens & food processing
Alternative energy and appropriate technology
Integrated waste management systems
Composting
Craft from waste
Growing of traditional medicinal plants and herbs
Aquaculture and Aquaponics
Ecotourism
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
24
ZCSD Community Development
Pictures Clockwise from Top Left:
1. Craft-making / skills development
2. Working for Water:
Rural housing/Water tanks/ Toilets
3. Rural Sanitation CWP projects
3. Cement Block –making projects
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
25
ARDC Project Economics & Returns
• CAPEX for 12 MW plant is approx R340m (2011)
• IRR of 17 to20% & ROE of 20 to 29% where
equity is 30% of CAPEX.
• Installed cost per MW $3,2 to 3,7 m
• Internal plant usage is 1,4 MW (Parasitic Load).
• Electricity available to grid or private customer
10,6 MWe
• Build period up to 3 yrs – EIA dependant
Where land and EIA issues already concluded, build-time is 24 months
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
26
Typical Equity Structure for a
BTE Project
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Biomass Suppliers private & TAs
ARD Consortium
Strategic “Technical” Equity Partner SEP
BEE Partner “major” some identified
IDC includes minor / local BEE
Total Equity
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20%
6%
26%
18%
30%
100%
27
www.amandlaresources.com
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28
Additional Benefits to Economy
• Decentralised Grid-stability in remote / rural areas
• Continuous power output - without need of storage
• Environmental benefits from less in-field/ postharvest burning-off of ‘wasted’ resources
• Additional community / SMME income from
currently wasted resources = Substantial new job /
SMME / BBBEE creation
• Rural economic development that will provide
security of supply for the needed feedstocks for the
plant(s).
• Uplifted rural communities that can also drive and
grow food-security.
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
29
The Way Forward:
Pre-feasibility funding required for:
 Secure local, willing sustainable biomass supplies
 Engage NERSA &/or Private Customers for power offtake
 Research/ prioritise proven technology with accessible
reference sites
 Secure convenient, ready sites with water, roads etc
 Engage Eskom for grid connection acceptance if needed
 Ensure EIA compliance as per NERSA requirements
 Engage SEP for Technology & Operations
 Arrange equity & funding partners including BEE
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]
30
Amandla Resource Development Associates:
Zululand Centre for Sustainable Development [ZCSD]
Section 21 co.
Ecosystems cc.
Rainbow Millennium Power Corporation
Envirovest Bioproducts (Pty) Ltd; Bamboo development
Various Biomass grower-suppliers:
Commercial/ Local Community and Traditional Authorities that have
already signed cooperation agreements
Realising Africa’s Natural Potential,
through Renewable Resource Management
www.amandlaresources.com
[email protected]