Transcript Document
Mrs. Burhenn
A
clause is a group of words that contain
BOTH a subject AND a verb.
There are two main types of clauses, an
independent clause, and a dependent
clause.
Independent
clauses contain a subject
AND a verb AND contain a complete
thought.
Example: Jimmy ran.
Dependent
clauses contain BOTH a
subject and a verb BUT NOT A
COMPLETE THOUGHT. They are
introduced with a subordinating
conjunction such as: because, although,
since, if, etc.
Example: Because Jimmy ran.
Noun
Adjective
Adverb
These
clauses act like a noun.
They are introduced with: what, where,
why, how, where, when, who whom, which,
whose, whether, that, if.
Examples:
He knows that his business will be
successful.
That there is a hole in the ozone layer of
the earth’s atmosphere is well known.
These
clauses act like adjectives.
They are introduced by: who, whom,
which, whose, that, where, when.
Examples:
Men who are not married are called
bachelors.
Last year we traveled to San Francisco,
which is famous for its architecture.
These
clauses act like adverbs.
There several types of adverbial clauses;
they can describe time, place, cause,
result, purpose, condition, or they can be
a concession.
Subordinators: when, before, after, until,
since, as soon as
Example: When
he won the money, he
decided to buy a car.
Subordinators: where, wherever
Example: She
wanted.
drove wherever she
Subordinators: because, as, since
Example: She
got a parking ticket
because she parked illegally.
Subordinators: so
Example: He
... that, such ... that
drove so fast that he got a
speeding ticket.
Subordinators: so
Example: He
that, in order that
drove fast so that he could
get to work on time.
Subordinators: if, unless
Example: If
she hadn’t won the lottery,
she would have been very unhappy.
Subordinators: although, even
Example: Although
though
she thought she was a
good driver, she got a lot of tickets for
speeding
A
phrase is a group of words that DOES
NOT contain BOTH a subject and a verb.
Noun
Phrases
• Appositives
• Gerunds
• Infinitive
Participial
Absolute
Prepositional
Noun
phrases contain a noun and all of its
modifiers.
There are three types of noun phrases:
Appositives
Gerunds
Infinitive
Appositives
rename or describes another
noun.
Example:
One of eleven brothers and sisters,
Harriet was a moody and willful child.
Bob, my best friend, works here.
The boy looked at them, big black ugly
insects.
Gerund
phrases are noun phrases with a
gerund (-ing) at the beginning.
Example:
I love baking cakes.
Infinitive
phrases use the infinitive form
(to ____)
Example:
I love to bake cakes.
Infinitive
phrases can also be used as
adverbial or adjectival phrase.
Participial
phrases have a participle (a
verb acting as an adjective; cascading
water, broken table, etc.)
Example:
Crushed to pieces by a sledgehammer,
the computer no longer worked.
Absolute
phrases are ALMOST complete
sentences. They contain a subject, but are
missing a verb.
Example:
My cake finally baking in the oven, I was
free to rest for thirty minutes.
She returned to her bench, her face
showing all the unhappiness that had
suddenly overtaken her.
-An American Tragedy
Prepositional
phrases are phrases that
contain a preposition at the beginning.
Example:
She sat around the house.
In the dark room, she felt all her old fears
return.
Are
these clauses or phrases?
A boy and his dog.
Went to the store.
I had a soda.
The brown fox.
The brown fox and quick dog.
The boy laughed.
Someone stole my purse.
Stole my purse.
When
I go to the store.
Suzie plays with her dog everyday.
Jonathan runs three miles a day.
Although I can’t see him.
After I go to the doctor.
Since I got an A on the test.
How do I get to the store?
With he dog.
To the store.