Transcript Document

Mrs. Burhenn
A
clause is a group of words that contain
BOTH a subject AND a verb.
 There are two main types of clauses, an
independent clause, and a dependent
clause.
 Independent
clauses contain a subject
AND a verb AND contain a complete
thought.
 Example: Jimmy ran.
 Dependent
clauses contain BOTH a
subject and a verb BUT NOT A
COMPLETE THOUGHT. They are
introduced with a subordinating
conjunction such as: because, although,
since, if, etc.
 Example: Because Jimmy ran.
 Noun
 Adjective
 Adverb
 These
clauses act like a noun.
 They are introduced with: what, where,
why, how, where, when, who whom, which,
whose, whether, that, if.
 Examples:
 He knows that his business will be
successful.
 That there is a hole in the ozone layer of
the earth’s atmosphere is well known.
 These
clauses act like adjectives.
 They are introduced by: who, whom,
which, whose, that, where, when.
 Examples:
 Men who are not married are called
bachelors.
 Last year we traveled to San Francisco,
which is famous for its architecture.
 These
clauses act like adverbs.
 There several types of adverbial clauses;
they can describe time, place, cause,
result, purpose, condition, or they can be
a concession.
 Subordinators: when, before, after, until,
since, as soon as
 Example: When
he won the money, he
decided to buy a car.
 Subordinators: where, wherever
 Example: She
wanted.
drove wherever she
 Subordinators: because, as, since
 Example: She
got a parking ticket
because she parked illegally.
 Subordinators: so
 Example: He
... that, such ... that
drove so fast that he got a
speeding ticket.
 Subordinators: so
 Example: He
that, in order that
drove fast so that he could
get to work on time.
 Subordinators: if, unless
 Example: If
she hadn’t won the lottery,
she would have been very unhappy.
 Subordinators: although, even
 Example: Although
though
she thought she was a
good driver, she got a lot of tickets for
speeding
A
phrase is a group of words that DOES
NOT contain BOTH a subject and a verb.
 Noun
Phrases
• Appositives
• Gerunds
• Infinitive
 Participial
 Absolute
 Prepositional
 Noun
phrases contain a noun and all of its
modifiers.
 There are three types of noun phrases:
 Appositives
 Gerunds
 Infinitive
 Appositives
rename or describes another
noun.
 Example:
 One of eleven brothers and sisters,
Harriet was a moody and willful child.
 Bob, my best friend, works here.
 The boy looked at them, big black ugly
insects.
 Gerund
phrases are noun phrases with a
gerund (-ing) at the beginning.
 Example:
 I love baking cakes.
 Infinitive
phrases use the infinitive form
(to ____)
 Example:
 I love to bake cakes.
 Infinitive
phrases can also be used as
adverbial or adjectival phrase.
 Participial
phrases have a participle (a
verb acting as an adjective; cascading
water, broken table, etc.)
 Example:
 Crushed to pieces by a sledgehammer,
the computer no longer worked.
 Absolute
phrases are ALMOST complete
sentences. They contain a subject, but are
missing a verb.
 Example:
 My cake finally baking in the oven, I was
free to rest for thirty minutes.
 She returned to her bench, her face
showing all the unhappiness that had
suddenly overtaken her.
-An American Tragedy
 Prepositional
phrases are phrases that
contain a preposition at the beginning.
 Example:
 She sat around the house.
 In the dark room, she felt all her old fears
return.
 Are
these clauses or phrases?
 A boy and his dog.
 Went to the store.
 I had a soda.
 The brown fox.
 The brown fox and quick dog.
 The boy laughed.
 Someone stole my purse.
 Stole my purse.
 When
I go to the store.
 Suzie plays with her dog everyday.
 Jonathan runs three miles a day.
 Although I can’t see him.
 After I go to the doctor.
 Since I got an A on the test.
 How do I get to the store?
 With he dog.
 To the store.