MILCOM 2007 ORLANDO, FL

HLS & DISASTER RECOVERY INTEROPERABILITY CHALLENGES

RADM Dave Belz, USCG (Ret) 30 October 2007

NDHF Symposium 2007

Agenda

• 9/10/01 revisited • HLS interoperability improvements post 9/11 • Hurricane Katrina … 29 August 2005 • Post Katrina interoperability improvements • New unified maritime strategy • HLS and disaster response challenges ahead

NDHF Symposium 2007

9/11 Interoperability Issues Predated DHS

• • • • Biggest interoperability issues related to info sharing – Issues outside purview on soon-to-be amalgamated agencies – Intelligence fragmented and stovepiped 9/11 disaster response interoperability issues – NYC first responders could not communicate directly – Local C2 worked well … but destruction relatively confined DHS established by Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 22 agencies now under DHS flag … many lost their historical identity – Significant reorganizations/restructurings … multiple cultures – Founded on HLS mission … less emphasis on natural disasters Hurricane Katrina hits US on 29 August 2005 – What happened?

– Where are we today?

NDHF Symposium 2007

HLS Interoperability Improvements

• DHS force structure brought together critical mass – Second largest cabinet department – Significant coordination structure/mechanisms – Whole agencies stood up quickly … TSA, CBP, ICE, CIS • Other departments became engaged in HLS – Major change in FBI mission focus … counterterrorism – Major cultural change inside FBI … intelligence specialization – DOD HLD and CS missions • Improved cooperative agreements among the states

NDHF Symposium 2007

Katrina Exposed New Vulnerabilities

• Pre-Katrina DHS heavily HLS-focused – Information sharing recognized as critical enabler – Linked to protection of critical infrastructure – Response structure contemplated for NYC style attack • Collaborative management vice robust C2 – Longstanding federal model for response – National Response Plan long time in revision – Pull versus push systems for FEMA and DOD response • Planning did not contemplate Katrina-like destructions – COOP redundancy not well thought out – Operability, let alone, interoperability was not there

NDHF Symposium 2007

Restructured DHS Is Better Post Katrina

• DHS intel shop has more focus and attention – Organizational placement – Professionalism of the force • National Operations Center more capable than HSOC – Many more agency participants … including state & local – More manual fusion than optimal … HUMINT driven • FEMA back with restored natural disaster mandate – Organizational placement – Full-time DCOs with command experience – Developing planning culture … capability assessments – New resources for surge ... “bridging the response gap”

NDHF Symposium 2007

Other HLS/Disaster Recovery Improvements

• Post-Katrina DOD “leaning forward” posture – NORTHCOM’s lessons learned from Katrina – Enhanced National Guard capabilities to the States • Continued progress on evolution of MDA – CNO inclusion on FY 2008 objectives – New focus by ODNI … MDA = GMSA + GMII – New NORAD maritime warning mission • A Cooperative Strategy for 21 st Century Seapower – Released 17 October 2007 … signed by CNO, CMC, CCG – Employs global reach, persistent presence & op flexibility •

NDHF Symposium 2007

New Unified Maritime Strategy

• Six strategic initiatives – Limit regional conflict with forward deployed maritime power – Deter major power war – Win our Nation’s wars – Contribute to homeland defense in depth – Foster and sustain cooperative relationships with international partners – Prevent or contain local disruptions before they impact the global system • Implementation … expanded core capabilities – Forward presence … in an era of diverse threats to the homeland – Deterrence … effective theater security cooperation – Sea control … requires space & cyberspace capabilities – Power projection … linked to combat credibility to the threat – Maritime security … established protocols … MOTR – Humanitarian assistance and response

NDHF Symposium 2007

Implementation Priorities

• Improve integration and interoperability – Marine air-ground task forces from amphibious ships – Marine dets aboard ships for maritime security missions – Navy, Marine, CG teams illustrate adaptive force packaging – Homeland Defense/Security split not at some geographic boundary • Enhance awareness – Increased commitment to MDA and expanded ISR capability and capacity – National Strategy for Maritime Security mandates interagency partnering • Prepare our people – Creating a dispersed force under decentralized authorities – In a world of rapid information exchange – Requires new ways of thinking … net effects of dispersed operations

NDHF Symposium 2007

Challenges Remain

• Cataclysmic multi-jurisdiction events are problematic – All disasters are local … CONOPS dictates federal support role – Solid planning, COOP redundancy still developing – Heavy reliance on commercial systems for infrastructure • Multiple jurisdictions … innumerable systems – Funding limitations … variance in life cycle … can’t replace – Completely different non-military culture • Larger issues are there also – Spectrum management – Information Assurance … “tip of the iceberg” – Governance and policy … whole DOD problem X10

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NDHF Symposium 2007

Questions/Discussion?