Transcript International Management

•
Mata kuliah ini bertujuan memberikan
wawasan tentang manajemen internasional
yang meliputi pandangan menyeluruh
terhadap MI dan kecenderungankecenderungan yang terjadi, pengelolalan
organisasi internasional dan
sumberdayanya, etika dan tanggungjawab
sosial MI serta masa depan manajemen
internasional.
Dra. Uci Yuliati, MM
Materi Mata Kuliah
1. Worldwide development
2. Foundation for International Management
3. The cultural context for international management
4. Managing Across Culture
5. Strategic Planning
6. Managing Political Risk and Negotiation
7. Organizing International Operation
8. Decision Making and Controling
9. Personel Selection and Repatriation
10. Training and Organization Development
11. Labor Relation and Industrial Democracy
12. Communication
13. Motivating Human Resources
14. Leading Human Resources
15. Ethics and Social Responsibilities
16. The Future of International Management
Literatur
1. International Management, Richard M.
Hodgets and Fred Luthans, McGraw Hill,1994
2. International Management, concept and cases,
Arvind V. Phatak, southwestern College
Publishing, Cincinati, Ohio,1997.
3. Menjadi Manager Era Global, Kiat
Komunikasi Bisnis Lintas Budaya, Richard D.
Lewis.
4. International Business, Daniel and Radebaugh
5. Jurnal
6. Artikel
Penilaian
Mid-test
:
Final Test
:
Assignment
:
Presentation/Actively:
30 %
35 %
25 %
10 %
Assignment
1. Individual : Cases in one Multinational Corporation
2. Group
: Practical International Management
: Research and Analyses
Pengumpulan : 1 Tugas Individu : Sebelum Mid test
2. Tugas Kelompok sebelum Final Test
BabI. WORLDWIDE DEVELOPMENT
Tujuan Bahasan
1. Review trend investasi dan perdagangan
2. Membahas status Ekonomi
3. Menganalisis masalah dan perkembangan
dunia.
Conceptual Definition and meaning
1. International Management is the process of applying
management concepts and techniques in multinational
environment.
2. Multinational Corporation (MNCs) atau Multinational
Entreprises
(MNEs) is a firm having operations in more than one country,
foreign sales and nationality mix of managers and owners.
3. Major Region of Global Community
is the region which has many members (country) similarity
in economics status.
4. Globalization
is the production and distribution of product and services of
homogeneous type and quality on worldwide basis.
5. Company (perusahaan,maskapai,firma)
6. Firms (perusahaan, firma)
7. Fabrics (barang tenunan, susunan, struktur)
8. Corporations (badan hukum, state corporation=perush.
Negara)
9. Coorporate (kerjasama)
Emerging internationalizatiion
• international business is not new phenomenon
• the volume of international trade has incresed.
• every nation and companies buy and sell goods in
the international marketplace
• the potential oh NAFTA
• the emerge of European Community
• the economic power of Japan, Asian four tigers
• Economic progress among less develop nations.
Perusahaan raksasa di berbagaai negara
No Negara
Perusahaan Multinasional
1. Amerika Exxon, Dupont, Ford, GM, IBM, ITT, Mobil
Texaco
2. Swiss
Netsle, Sandoz
3. Inggris
Smith-Kline Becham
4. Germany Mercedes, Goldstar, Grundig
5. Jepang Dai-ichi Kangyo Bank, SumitomoBank,
Fuji Bank, Toyota, Honda, Mitshubisi
Bab2. FOUNDATION FOR INTERNATIONAL
MANAGEMENT
Tujuan Bahasan
1. Menggambarkan karakteristik MNCs dan
alasan Go Internasional
2. Tinjauan 3 superpower ekonomi (US, EC, Japan)
3. Membangun keunggulan kompetitif nasional
menurut Porter.
4. Analisis firms-spesific, country spesifis advantage
dalam membangun competitive advantage.
5. Membahas langkah-langkah MNC dalam mengelola
operasi internasional.
KARAKTERISTIK MNCs
UMUM
 Jumlah sedikit
 Mendominasi negara
 Penjualan tahunan lebih besar
dari GNP
 Organisasi besar
 Berpengruh
 Memahami Manajemen
Internasional
KHUSUS
 Lingkungan Ganda (home country and Host country)
 Tantangan kritis (pesaing, pelanggan,pemasok, lembaga keuangan
Pemerintah,budaya)
 operasi terpisah
 Centalized ownership
 Global,integrated strategy
 Memiliki sumber-sumber menyatu (Money,credit,paten,trademark,
informasi, human resources)
ALASAN –ALASAN GO INTERNASIONAL
1.melindungi diri dari resiko dan ketidakpastian
siklus bisnis domestik
2.mengetuk pertumbuuhan pasar dunia
3.merespon persaingan asing
4.mengurangi biaya
5.mengatasi tariff barriers
6.ingin memperoleh keunggulan teknologi
ECONOMIC SUPERPOWERS
(THE TRIAD,GOLDEN TRIANGLE)
UNITED STATE
UNITED
STATES
98,1
48,6
91,1
96,5
54,1
E.C
JAPAN
28,7
Global flows of trade of triad in the end of 1990
TRIAD mendominasi
 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
 International Trade
Pengaruh Investasi TRIAD
 sbg sumber investasi
 membantu menciptakan dan meningkatkan
kelompok ekonomi regional
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) CLUSTER
American Cluster Argentina, colombia,
Venezuela, Bolivia,Mexico, Philipine,
Chile, Panama, Saudi Arabi
United States
E.C
E.C Cluster
Cechoslovakia, Rusia,
Yugoslavia,Polan,Brazil
Japan
Japanese Cluster
South Korea, Hongkong
Thailand
MEMBANGUN KEUNGGULAN
BERSAING MENURUT PORTER
FACTOR
CONDITIONS
RELATED AND
SUPPOTING
INDUSTRIES
DEMAND
CONDITIONS
FIRM STRATEGY,
STRUCTURE
AND RIVALRY
FACTOR CONDITIONS
 Land
 Labor
 Capital
DEMAND CONDITIONS
 Wants
 Customer Desires
RELATED AND SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES
All related and supporting industries
FIRMS STRATEGY, STRUCTURE AND RIVALRY
 Competitor
 Domestic/foreign rivalry
 Location of competitors
MEMBANGUN KEUNGGULAN BERSAING
MENURUT RUGMAN-VERBEKE MODEL
 Firm-Specific Advantages (FSAs)
are strengths possessed by an MNC which provide a
competitive advantages relative to competitors.
Many forms such as technological expertise, a well-trained
sales forces, highly efficient manufacturing facilities,
exclusive distribution channels, strong customer loyalty.
 Country-Specifis Advantages (CSAs)
are benefis whose sources lies outside the firm and which
allow
a company to be competitive against rivals.
CSAs are environmental variabels and typically fit into three
categories :
 economic
 non economic
 governmental
Economic variables includes :
o Labors /tenaga kerja
o Availability of capital/ ketersediaan modal
o Plentiful natural resources such as timber, water and minerals
Non Economic resources includes :
o social and cultural norms and beliefs that constribute to an
MNC’s effectiveness (such as desire to work hard , desire to
produce quality output)
Governmental variables includes :
o support of free entreprise system
o minimal regulation of business operation and
o protection of property right.
MANAGERIAL PREPARATION
FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION