Transcript HERBICIDE CHARACHTERISTICS

Safe and Effective Use of
Herbicides for Melaleuca Control
Ken Langeland
UF/IFAS Agronomy Department
Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants
• Safety
– Personal protection
– Environmental
• Non-target
vegetation
• Wildlife
• Effectiveness
– Application technique
– Herbicide selection
Eye protection
Long sleeves
Chemical
resistant gloves
Follow label PPE instructions!
Hack and Squirt
Methods
Of
Application
Foliar
Cut Stump
Herbicides Used for Melaleuca Control
Active Ingredient
Brand Name(s)
Application Method
Imazapyr
Terrestrial: Arsenal
Aquatic: Habitat
Foliar, Stump, Hack
and Squirt
Hexazinone
Velpar L, Velpar ULW
Soil
Glyphosate
Terrestrial: Roundup, Glyphos,
Glypro plus
Aquatic: Rodeo, Glypro,
Aquapro, Aquamaster, Aquaneat
Foliar (+ imazapyr)
Stump, Hack and
Squirt (+ imazapyr),
Triclopyr amine
Terrestrial: Garlon 3A
Aquatic: Renovate 3
Stump
Triclopyr ester
Garlon 4
Stump
Imazapic
Plateau
Foliar
Woody Stems
Bark
Inactive xylem
Cambium and phloem
Active xylem
Cut Stump Applications
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•
•
•
•
Cut as close to ground as possible
If possible cut stumps level!
Concentrate herbicide just inside bark
Treat entire circumference
Use dyes to keep track of what’s been
treated
• Treat within 15 minutes of cut
Hack and Squirt
•
•
•
•
•
Cut all the way around stem
Cut all the way in to cambium
Apply herbicide to exposed cambium
Use dyes
Treat within 15 minutes of cut
Foliar Application
• Mature leaves very
leathery
• Most herbicides will
not penetrate
• Surfactants very
important
Acute Toxicity
Bobwhite quail
Glyphosate
Hexazinone
Imazapic
Imazapyr
Triclopyr amine
Triclopyr ester
Caffeine
Laboratory Rat
>4,640
4,300
>10,000
1,690
>2,150
>5,000
>5,000
>5,000
>10,000
2,574
9,026
1,581
192
The lower the number, the higher the toxicity
(i.e., it takes a smaller amount to cause toxicity)
Herbicide Behavior in Soil
Root Uptake
Glyphosate None
Hexazinone High
Half-life
Mobility
47 days
Bound
90 days
High
Imazapic
Moderate
120 days
Moderate
Imazapyr
High
25-142 days
Moderate
Triclopyr
Low
30 days
Moderate
• Current Control
– Aerial w/ 3qt Arsenal + 3qt
Rodeo + 4 MSO
– Girdle w/ 25% Arsenal + 25%
Rodeo, 50% Arsenal
– Cut-stump w/ 25% Arsenal
Aerial Herbicide Applications to Melaleuca
at TAME Demonstration Sites
Estimated percent control
Prairie Pines
Treated 1/05
Arsenal + Rodeo
3 qt + 3 qt
Holiday Park
Treated 3/05
US Sugar
Treated 1/05
80
80
95
0
<50
x
Garlon 3 A
3 qt
50
<50
65
Velpar
8 qt
99
60
x
Plateau
12 oz
99
x
x
Rodeo
7.5 pt
Hack and Squirt Herbicide Treatments
at TAME Demonstration Sites
Estimated percent control
Prairie Pines
Holiday Park
US Sugar
Arsenal + Rodeo
25% + 25%
95
100
100
Rodeo 100%
95
95
99
100
100
100
Arsenal 100%
Cut Stump Herbicide Treatments
at TAME Demonstration Sites
Estimated percent control
Prairie Pines
Holiday Park
US Sugar
Arsenal + Rodeo
25% +25%
100
85
100
Rodeo 100%
99
100
95
50
95
80
95
100
100
Arsenal 100%
Garlon 3A 100%
Results: Mortality (%) of melaleuca stumps
Treatment
Garlon 3A 5%
Garlon 3A 20%
Lee 1
100
100
Lee 2
70
90
Broward
70
70
Brush-B-Gon
Brush Killer
Garlon 3A 50%
100
100
100
80
90
100
90
90
50
Garlon 3A 100%
Roundup SC 25%
Roundup SC 50%
Roundup SC 100%
100
100
70
100
90
80
100
100
70
60
100
100
Arsenal 25%
Untreated
100
0
100
50
100
20
Herbicide Treatment Costs ($/acre) for
Cut stump (shaded) and Hack and Squirt
Herbicide
Labor
Total
Arsenal + Rodeo
25% +25%
2,166
3,192
5,358
Rodeo 100%
284
1,708
436
921
3,192
3,192
3,192
1,466
3,476
4,900
3,628
2,387
688
968
1,466
1,466
2,154
2,434
Arsenal 100%
Garlon 3A 100%
Arsenal + Rodeo
25% + 25%
Rodeo 100%
Arsenal 100%
Conclusions
• Roundup SC best homeowner recommendation
• Brush-B-Gon, Brush Killer provide adequate control for
homeowners
• Arsenal (>25%) provides most consistent results
• To minimize non-target damage
– Cut close to ground and level
– Apply 50-100% Rundup solution
– Put enough (?) on
• Cost comparison (per gallon)
– Arsenal $260
– Garlon 3A $65
– Roundup $20
– Rodeo $40
Slanting cuts reduce control with glyphosate
Cut as short as possible for best control with
glyphosate
This is difficult to walk in ------- and dangerous
Non-target damage can be site specific!
Questions?