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Herbicide Control Treatments For Invasive Vines James H. Miller USDA Forest Service Auburn University, Alabama INVASIVE VINES Japanese Honeysuckle Lonicera japonica Kudzu Pueraria montana Chinese and Japanese Wisterias Wisteria sinensis and W. floribunda Oriental Bittersweet Celastrus orbiculatus Non-native Climbing Yams Air Yam,Chinese Yam, Water Yam Dioscorea bulbifera / D. oppositifolia ,D.alata Wintercreeper, Climbing Euonymus Euonymus fortunei English Ivy Hedera helix Vincas, Periwinkles Vinca spp. Vines are difficult to Control Roots, Rhizomes, and Stolons Effective Herbicide Treatments To be successful with herbicides require • the most effective herbicide, • applied using the correct method, and • applied during the best time period. Prescribed Burning and grazing can assist by preparing the site and severing vines for treating regrowth. Usually only lower portion of vines must be treated Invasive Vine Control using Herbicides Foliar sprays – must translocate to roots and rhizomes or be soil active Tordon and Transline for legumes or Garlon 4 Roundup +/- Arsenal +/- Escort for others Water Mixes and Add Non-ionic Surfactant ! Directed Foliar Sprays Spray Gun Broadcast Foliar Sprays Basal Spray Applications Basal Sprays Garlon 4 as a 20 to 40% solution in commercially available basal oil, diesel fuel, or kerosene (2 to 4 qts. per 3 gal. mix) with a penetrant (check with herbicide distributor) to the lower 16 inches of stems. Basal Wipes Cut-Treat Water Mixtures with surfactant Or undiluted Oriental, Asian Bittersweet Celastrus orbiculatus Recommended control procedures: Foliar Sprays July to Oct Garlon 4, Garlon 3A, or Glyphosate as a 2-4% solution (8-16 ozs. per 3-gal. mix). Basal Sprays Garlon 4 as 20% in oil mix. Cut Treat Garlon 4 or Glyphosate as a 25% solution (32 ozs. per 1-gal. mix). Cut vines to prevent further seeding. Air Yam, Chinese Yam, Water Yam Dioscorea bulbifera, D. oppositifolia, D. alata Recommended control procedures: Foliar sprays Garlon 3A or Garlon 4 as a 2% solution July to October. Sometimes the air yams take up the herbicide: otherwise, bulbils must be collected and destroyed to prevent sprouting (do not attempt to compost). Cut-treat climbing plants just above the soil surface and immediately treat the freshly cut stem with undiluted Garlon 3A. Winter Creeper , Climbing Euonymus Euonymus fortunei Recommended control procedures: Foliar Spray Tordon 101 as a 3% solution or Tordon K as a 2% solution in June to October. Foliar Spray repeatedly apply Garlon 4 or a Glyphosate herbicide as a 2% solution in June to December, a less effective treatment that has no soil activity to damage surrounding plants. Cut all vertical climbing stems to prevent fruiting and spread by birds. English ivy Hedera helix Recommended control procedures: Foliar Spray Garlon 3A or Garlon 4 as a 3 to 5% solution or a Glyphosate herbicide as a 2 to 4% solution in July to December. Use a string trimmer to reduce growth layers and injure leaves for improved herbicide uptake. Cut-treat large vines with these herbicides. Basal spray or wipe Garlon 4 as a 20 to 40% solution in oil mixture, being careful to avoid the bark of the host tree. Japanese Honeysuckle Lonicera japonica Recommended control procedures: Foliar Spray Escort at 2 oz per acre in June to October. or by spot spraying 2 to 4 oz per acre in water Foliar Spray Glyphosate herbicide as a 2% solution or Garlon 3A or Garlon 4 as a 3- 5% solution in June to December. Cut-treat freshly cut stem with a Glyphosate herbicide or Garlon 3A as a 20% solution July to October. Prescribed burning in spring will reduce dense ground mats and sever climbing vines for more effective herbicide treatments to resprouting vines. Kudzu Kudzu Pueraria montana Recommended control procedures: Foliar Sprays Tordon 101 as a 3% solution Tordon K as a 2% solution, July to Sep in years 1, 3, and 4. Escort at 3 to 4 oz per acre Transline as a 0.2% solution; twice yearly. Garlon 4 or a Glyphosate herbicide as a 2% solution during the growing season twice yearly. Cut-treat large vines and immediately apply these herbicides to the cut surfaces. Basal Spray Garlon 4 as a 20% solution in oil mix Jan to Apr, which controls vines < 2 inches in diameter. Vincas, Periwinkles Vinca minor, V. major Recommended control procedures: Foliar Sprays Tordon 101 as a 3% solution Tordon K as a 2% solution Garlon 4 as a 4% solution in growing season Garlon 4 or a Glyphosate herbicide as a 2% solution in water in winter, herbicide treatments should be limited to warm days (warmer than 55o F). Chinese Wisteria Chinese Wisteria Herbicide Screening 12 MAT Percent Control 20 40 60 80 100 Herbicide Rate per Acre Tordon K 0.5 gal Jul Sep Garlon 4 1.5 gal Jul Sep Arsenal 0.25 gal Jul Sep 2.0 gal Jul Sep Transline 21 fl. oz. Jul Sep Escort 4 oz Jul Sep Accord 0 Chinese and Japanese Wisterias Wisteria sinensis and W. floribunda Recommended control procedures: Foliar Spray Tordon 101 as a 3% solution Tordon K as a 2% solution Garlon 4 as a 4% solution Jul. to Sep. for successive years when regrowth appears: Transline as a 0.2% solution When safety to surrounding vegetation is desired September to October with repeated applications. Glyphosate herbicide as a 2% solution Control a little now or Control a bunch later