Monday

Imperialism

• • Policy where stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories.

Examples: – Great Britain  13 Colonies; India; Australia – United States  Manifest Destiny

American Imperialism

1. Desire for military strength 2. Thirst for new markets 3. Belief in cultural superiority

Desire for Military Strength

• Build up the Navy – 9 Steel-hulled cruisers – U.S.S. Maine and U.S.S. Oregon

Thirst for New Markets

• Overproduction: – Needed new raw materials – Created jobs – Needed more people to sell goods to

Belief in Cultural Superiority

• Social Darwinism: – Christianity – “Civilization” – “Inferior Peoples” – “White man’s burden”

Alaska!

• • • • • • • • • 1867 William Seward U.S. paid Russia $7.2 mil.

2 cents per acre “Seward’s folly” Timber Minerals Oil 1959 – 49 th state

Hawaii!

• • • • • • • • Trade route Queen Liliuokalani  to Hawaiians power White plantation owners  revolted – Wanted power Sanford B. Dole  headed new government – Supported by U.S. Marines 1898 – Territory Pearl Harbor Sugar 1959 – 50 th state

Tuesday

The Spanish-American War

• Issues with Spain: – Human Rights • Slavery • Concentration Camps • 300,000 people • Hunger and Disease – Called the U.S. “weak”

Why Cuba?

• • • • 90 miles from Florida Sugar plantations Under Spanish rule Cuba Libre! “Free Cuba”

Yellow Journalism • • • Sensational style of writing Exaggerates the news to lure and enrage readers Newspapers and Journalists want to sell more papers – Joseph Pulitzer •

New York World

– William Randolph Hearst •

New York Journal

Use of Yellow Journalism with Cuba

• • • Poisoned wells Children being thrown to sharks Starvation

Act of War?

• • •

U.S.S. Maine

Harbor  Stationed in Havana – Bring home American citizens – Protect American property Feb. 15, 1898  up in the harbor – 260 killed Blew What happened?!?!?!

“Remember the Maine”

• April 20, 1898 – U.S. declared war on Spain

War in the Philippines

• • • April 30, 1898 George Dewey Destroyed the Spanish Naval Fleet

War in the Caribbean

• • Naval Blockade of Cuba – Spanish Navy was trapped – Kept out needed supplies Cuba – June 1898 – 17,000 men – Rough Riders – Buffalo Soldiers

Rough Riders

• • Theodore Roosevelt Calvary (horses) • • July 1, 1898 San Juan Hill Led to: – – Destruction of the Spanish Naval Fleet Invasion of Puerto Rico

Armistice

• • • Truce Cease Fire Aug. 12, 1898

Treaty of Paris

• • • Dec. 10, 1898 Spain freed Cuba U.S. annexed: – Guam – Puerto Rico U.S. bought the Philippines – $20 mil.

Treaty Debate

• • • • Should the U.S. be allowed to annex the Philippines?

Self-Government?

Domestic v. Foreign Affairs?

Jobs?

Wednesday

Pres. Roosevelt

• • Russian and Japanese Relations Won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize – Negotiated a peace between Russia and Japan Open Door Notes – U.S., Japan, Russia, and other imperialist nations agreed to mutual economic/trade interest in China.

Pres. Roosevelt

• • • •

Panama Canal

Shortcut from Atlantic to Pacific Through Colombian controlled Panama – Colombia refused U.S. supported Panama in it’s independence U.S. bought route for $10 mil. w/ $250,000 annual rent for “Canal Zone”

Pres. Roosevelt

• • “Big Stick Diplomacy” Monroe Doctrine (1823) Roosevelt Corollary – the U.S. would use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America

Pres. Taft

• • • “Dollar Diplomacy” American businessmen loaned money to Latin countries Guaranteed by the U.S. government Justified keeping European powers out of the Caribbean

Pres. Wilson

• • “Missionary Diplomacy” U.S. moral responsibility Denied recognition of any Latin American government it viewed as: – – – Oppressive Undemocratic Hostile to U.S. interests

Pres. Wilson

• • • • Civil War in Mexico Peasants v. Landowners Pancho Villa (Anti-U.S. revolutionary) – Killed 19 people in New Mexico Wilson sent 15,000 troops Distracted by start of WWI

Thursday

• • • • • M.A.N.I.A.

Militarism Alliances Nationalism Imperialism Assassination

World War I

Militarism

• • • • • Aggressive building of an army Prepare for war Extensive planning Conscription- forced to serve in the military Mobilization- getting troops ready for war All made war more likely

YOU DO NOT HAVE TO WRITE THIS!!!!!

• After 1900 Huge increase in size of European armies – – – – Russia- 1.3 million France- 900,000 Germany- 900,000 250,000-500,000 • Great Britain • Italy • Austrian-Hungary

Alliances

• • Agreements between two countries Increased security (“I’ve got your back!”) • • 1914: Triple Alliance: Austria-Hungary, Germany, & Italy Triple Entente: Russia, France, & Great Britain • Led to “world” war

Nationalism

• • • Acting in country’s best interest Extreme pride in one’s country Self-Determination

Imperialism

• • • Desire to gain more land (power!!) European nations wanted Africa and China Created rivalries

Assassination

• • Gavrilo Princip (Serbian) assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand & wife (Austro Hungarian) Austria-Hungary govt thought Serbian govt planned assassination

Timeline

• • • • June 28, 1914: Assassination July 28, 1914: AH declares war on Serbia August 1, 1914: Germany declares war on Russia (bc Russia is a Serbian ally) August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on France (bc France is a Russian ally)

Label the following on MAP 1:

• • • World War I Alliances Use next slide!

Be sure to label Belgium (neutral)

Germany’s Plan

• • •

Schlieffen Plan

– 2 front war 3 Steps: 1. 1 st German army would hold Russian border 2. 2 nd German army would rush to France through Belgium to defeat Paris 3. After France had fallen, the 2 German armies would work together to defeat Russia Violated Belgium’s neutrality FAILED!!!!!!!!!

Label the following on MAP 2:

• • Schlieffen Plan Use next 2 slides

Monday

New Alliances

• Triple Entente (Russia, France, & Great Britain)  Allied Powers (Russia, France, GB, Italy, & later US) – Italy changed sides! (flip-flopper) • Triple Alliance (AH, Germany, & Italy)  Central Powers (AH, Germany, & Ottoman Empire)

Label the following on MAP 3:

• • • Allied Powers Central Powers Use next 2 slides

Western Front

• • •

Trench Warfare

– Fighting from ditches – Terrible conditions

Stalemate

– No advancement

War of Attrition

– Wearing the other side down – Heavy attacks – Huge loss of life

Meanwhile, back in the USA…

(You do not have to write this!!!) • 1912 Woodrow Wilson elected president • • 1914 Panama Canal was completed in August – 1 week before WWI started Americans were shocked by the outbreak of war but...it was in Europe – – U.S. was officially NEUTRAL!!!!!!!!!!!! Europe’s problem

America Neutral?

1. Isolationism

– Not our problem – Booming economy – Trading with both sides 2. Ties to homelands – Immigrants supported their native countries

Propaganda in the U.S.

• • Used by both sides before U.S. entry Used by U.S. to support war efforts

Moving Towards War

• • German U-boats: Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Lusitania

– – – British Passenger ship Killed 1,200 (128 Americans) U.S. commands Germany to stop

Sussex

– French ship – Sussex Pledge: Germany wouldn’t sink merchant ships without warning • Kept America out of the war

Moving Towards War

• • 1916 Wilson’s re-elected “He kept us out of the War” • January 1917 Zimmerman Telegram – Germany to Mexico – – Intercepted by British Encouraged Mexico to declare war on U.S.

• February 1917 Unrestricted Submarine Warfare – 6 U.S. ships sank by Germany

U.S. Involvement

• • • • Allied Powers – France, GB, Italy, U.S.

– Russia dropped out bc of revolution Selective Service Act – Draft American Expeditiary Force (AEF) – “doughboys” 369 th Infantry Regiment – “Harlem Hellfighters”

Armistice

• • • 11 th hour of the 11 th day of the 11 th month (11am November 11, 1918.)

Tuesday

Paris Peace Conference

• • • Big Four (U.S., G.B., France, Italy) Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany) wasn’t invited Pres. Wilson’s Fourteen Points – Free Trade – Disarmament – Open Diplomacy instead of Secret Alliances – Self-Determination – League of Nations

Treaty of Versailles

June 28, 1919 • • • • B.R.A.T.

Blame Reparations Army Territory

Blame

• • War Guilt Clause Germany was responsible for starting the war

Reparations

• Allied Powers wanted payment – $$$$

Army

• Demilitarization – Stripped of all weapons

Territory

• • Returned land to France Buffer (neutral) zone between France and Germany

Senate Says No

• • • • • Wouldn’t ratify (approve) Treaty Isolationism Lead to alliances Didn’t agree terms Didn’t join the League of Nations

Test Wednesday