Transcript Diapositiva 1 - Tor Vergata

The Language of Speech and
Writing
Lingua Inglese 2
• Obiettivi:
• Il corso fornisce un’introduzione all’analisi
testuale prendendo in esame le differenze fra
la lingua scritta e quella parlata, mirando a
promuovere le conoscenze delle
caratteristiche principali dei testi scritti e degli
aspetti salienti della conversazione nella
lingua inglese.
Durante le lezioni saranno analizzati:
• i processi della lingua scritta e della lingua
parlata;
• le differenze principali fra di esse;
• diversi generi di testi scritti;
• diversi generi di produzione orale;
• generi ibridi che mischiano aspetti sia della
lingua parlata che della lingua scritta;
• E’ previsto un livello di conoscenza della lingua
inglese corrispondente al livello B1 (del
Quadro Comune Europeo di Riferimento per le
lingue, stabilito del consiglio d’Europa).
• La prova finale è scritta e si svolge durante gli
appelli delle varie sessioni degli esami. Verifica
la capacità degli studenti di definire i vari
aspetti della lingua scritta e della lingua
parlata tramite gli strumenti analitici e
linguistici forniti durante lo svolgimento del
modulo.
Bibliografia
• Corblet. S, and Carter R. (2001) The Language
of Speech and Writing. London/New York:
Routledge.
• Carter, R. et al. Working with Texts.
London/New York: Routledge.
– Unit five: Text and Context: written discourse
– Unit six: Text and context: spoken discourse
Inizio lettorati
• UOE (gruppo A): lunedì 17/02/14
• UOE (gruppo B): lunedì 17/02/14
• UOE (gruppo C): lunedì 17/02/14
• LISTENING M-Z: martedì 18/02/2014
Orario
Corso
Docente
Modulo 2A
Degano
Use of English
Group A
Smith
lun.8-10 (P24)
gio. 13-15 (P24)
Use of English
Group B
Smith
lun. 12.00 -14.00 (P24)
gio. 15-17.00 (P24)
Use of English
Group C
Smith
lun. 8.00-10 (T32)
Listening M-Z
Eade
Mar. 8-10 (T18)
Gio. 8-10 (T32)
Martedì 13- 15.00 (T30)
• Orario ricevimento
• Degano: martedì 10-12 (studio)
• Email temporanea: [email protected]
• Orario ricevimento lettorato: aula P3
• Smith: lunedì dalle 16.00
• Eade: venerdì 13.00-14.00
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8u8fdeiuG
vM&list=PLW3B6Cncfzy3QwaWD9ppdpc_FJYj
qALYl&feature=share&index=1
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJ_v8aHvuM&list=PLW3B6Cncfzy3QwaWD9ppdp
c_FJYjqALYl&feature=share
Register (Halliday)
• A theoretical frame for the speaking-writing
opposition
• Aspects of register:
– Tenor
– Field
– Mode
• Channel: spoken, written
• genre
Speech: time bound; transient,
dynamic. Part of an interaction
in which participants are
present. The speaker has a
particular addressee in mind
Writing: space-bound; static,
permanent. It generally results
from distance between reader
and writer.
Intonation and pauses
divide long utterances
into manageable chunks.
However, boundaries are
often unclear.
Units of discourse
(sentences and
paragraphs) are usually
easy to identify.
Spontaneity and speed make
planning difficult. Thinking
while you talk involves looser
construction: rephrasing,
repetition and comment
clauses.
Writing allows repeated reading
and close analysis. Promotes
the development of careful
organisation and compact
expression, often with intricate
sentence construction
As participants are face-to-face,
they are helped by
extralinguistic cues such as
facial expression and gesture to
aid meaning.( FEEDBACK). Lexis
can be vague and words that
refer directly to the situation
(DEIXIS) are widely used.
Most writing avoids deictic
expressions because they can
be ambiguous. Writers have to
anticipate the problems posed
by the time lag and the variety
of recipients in different
settings.
Many words and constructions are
characteristic of (informal) speech.
Long coordinated sentences are
normal and can be quite complex.
Nonsense vocabulary or vague
words are not normally written,
neither is slang nor obscenity
Contractions tend to be avoided in
writing.
Some words and constructions are
more characteristic of writing;
multiple instances of subordination
in the same sentence; some legal
documents have long sentences
that spread over various pages.
Certain items of vocabulary are
never spoken.
Speech is suited to social or
PHATIC functions. It is suited to
expressing personal opinions
and feelings thanks to the
nuances that prosody and nonlinguistic features allow.
is particularly suited to recording
facts and communicating ideas,
and to tasks of memorizing and
learning. Written texts are easier
to store and scan for
information. They can be read at
speeds that suit the recipient.
Unique features of speech
include most of the prosody.
The many nuances of
intonation, contrasts of tempo,
rhythm, and other tones of
voice are difficult to convey in
writing.
Unique features of writing
include pages, lines,
punctuation and Capitalization.
Only a few graphic conventions
relate to prosody (!?____).
Some written genres cannot be
read aloud efficiently and must
be assimilated visually.
Compare…
The worst part about it was I
had a friend sitting up here
and she’s saying “ha ha”… And
I was saying “Go get the
police… go Get someone”…I
later learned that there are
some people who do that in
the face of disaster…I mean
they just start cracking up as
opposed to crying.
My helpful friend, perhaps not
realizing that I was serious,
began laughing. Sue roared all
the harder as my situation
became more difficult. She
claimed I looked funny,
clinging there screaming. I
realized that she was laughing
Because she was incapable of
acting: the situation must have
been greatly disturbing to her,
and so she treated it as if it
were another situation.
• hornworms sure vary a lot in how well they grow
vs
• hornworms growth exhibits a significant amount of
variation
• The difference lies all in register (tenor, field, mode)
WRITING
Other expansive slabs of limestone, too
resistant to the traditional farming methods
when soil was created from sand and
seaweed, still boast fissures filled with
rare, wild flowers.These are the elements
that inspired the look of the hotel of Ruairí
and his wife Marie-Thérèse, which is an
incredibly simple and rustic design hotel.
SPEECH IN WRITING
(TRANSCRIPTION)
S:
St Ambrose college
RP: oh hallo (.) um (.) I know it’s a bit early in the summer holidays but
could you tell me when your school shop’s going to be open?
S:
er (2) oh dear (3) second (.) second of August
RP: Second of august is that the first time it’s open?
S:
yeah
RP:
right, what time would that be till?
S:
oh wait a moment 31st august right that (inaudible)
RP: 31st August?
S:
yep
Imitating Speech (dialogue) in
fiction
I’m sorry just turning up like this, but I knew
what you’d say if I phoned. It’s about my
daughter’s horse.’
‘Pilgrim.’
‘Yes. I know you can help him and I came here
to ask you, to have another look at him.’
‘Mrs Graves…’
Please, just look. It wouldn’t take long.’
Written but with features of
spoken
John: Leaving a bit late after fiddling around
with music files for you – but should be there
no too much after 11.
Io: Ok. See you in the bar.