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Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment ISSUE TCCA Regional aircraft certification engineers have applied varying requirements for equipment qualification and data to support installation approvals of non-required equipment. 1 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment Subject of discussion Means of Compliance (MOC) of NonRequired system/equipment with Para 1301 and 1309 • Transport Canada noted the list of requirements stated in para 3 of AEA position paper. However , other rules and regulations might be applicable depending on the modification submitted by the applicant and as seen necessary by the certification office. • Para 5 of AEA position paper has been addressed separately. 2 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment Definition • The Non-required Avionics equipment is a term used by the industry and the certification authority for equipment installed neither to satisfy airworthiness standard nor an operational requirement. Miscellaneous non-required equipment may be mechanical, electromechanical or electronic in design. • This definition includes systems and equipment that provides information to the flight crew (including non-required, ancillary or “secondary” equipment); and may have potential to impact on flight crew workload. • The failure effect of non-required equipment on other aircraft systems is limited to Minor or No-effect 3 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment Transport Canada considers two categories of non required equipment Category 1 • Equipment installed, in the Cockpit or interfacing with required certified aircraft systems, and used by the Flight or Ground crew to operate or to maintain the aircraft. 4 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment Category 2 • Equipment installed on the aircraft and used in the cabin for the convenience of occupants. Examples: IFE, Galley, Lav . This category of equipment includes also Commercial parts such as DVD/CD players, telephones, facsimile machines, printers, stereo systems, galley add-on, aerial cameras, games. 5 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment References • • • • • • The following is guidance materials related to the subject FAA AC 25.10 TSO- C138 (proposed) AC25-7 AC 43.13-1A AC 25-1309 6 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment CAR 101-01 Commercial part", in respect of an aircraft, means a part (a) that is not specifically designed or produced for use as an aeronautical product, (b) that is made to a specification or catalogue description and marked under an identification scheme of the maker, and (c) whose failure does not adversely affect the continued safe flight and take-off and landing of the aircraft 7 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment • 525.1301 Function and Installation Each item of installed equipment must: • (a) Be of a kind and design appropriate to its intended function AEA Proposal • The intended function for non-required equipment will be defined by the equipment manufacturer, hence per CAR 101.01 for commercial parts, the equipment must be made to a specification or catalogue description. TCCA Position • MOC are acceptable for category 1 and 2 providing the suitability of the supporting documents. . 8 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment • 525.1301 Function and Installation • • (b) Be labeled as to its identification, function, or operating limitations, or any applicable combination of these factors AEA Proposal Placards may be placed on the equipment or adjacent to equipment controls to identify any operating limitations. TCCA Position • MOC are acceptable for category 1 and 2 9 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment • 525.1301 Function and Installation • c) Be installed according to limitations specified for that equipment • AEA Proposal Per manufacturer’s specifications. • • TCCA Position It is the responsibility of the applicant, to determine that the equipment manufacture provided the necessary limitations suitable for operation of the equipment in an aircraft environment . It is the responsibility of the applicant to demonstrate that those limitations have been maintained during the installation. MOC are acceptable for category 1 and 2 10 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment TSO-C138 is being proposed and with a possible impact on the acceptance of using electrical/electronic commercial parts The TSO states that: The installer shall ensure that The equipment manufacturer must declare the article’s operational context and resultant failure condition classification (i.e., no hazard effect or minor) in the installation instructions. This will ensure that the article, when installed according to the installation procedures and limitations, continues to function properly and maintain its criticality The content of the TSO can impact the current proposed MOC with 1301 (c ), 1301(d) and (1309) 11 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment • • • • • • 525.1301 Function and Installation (d) Function properly when installed AEA Proposal Shall perform in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications under nominal environmental conditions for the installed location of the equipment, as demonstrated by functional ground and flight tests (where necessary). It shall not be necessary to demonstrate functionality over the full operating and environmental envelope of the aircraft. Ref 25/525.1309 (a), this is not applicable to non-required equipment. TCCA Position The applicant shall ensure that the article is operational under nominal aircraft environmental conditions. MOC are acceptable for category 1 and category 2 providing no credit is taken for airworthiness or operational requirements. 12 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment • • • 525.1309 Equipment, Systems, and Installations (a) The equipment, systems, and installations whose functioning is required by this manual, must be designed to ensure that they perform their intended functions under any foreseeable operating condition AEA Proposal Not applicable, as equipment is “non-required”. TCCA Position • Although not applicable , when showing compliance with 25-863, the applicant should ensure that the installation does not introduce any hazardous condition to the aircraft. 13 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment • 525.1309 Equipment, Systems, and Installations • • • (b) The aeroplane systems and associated components, considered separately and in relation to other systems, must be designed so that: (1) The occurrence of any failure condition which would prevent the continued safe flight and landing of the aeroplane is extremely improbable, and (2) The occurrence of any other failure conditions which would reduce the capability of the aeroplane or the ability of the crew to cope with adverse operating conditions is improbable. AEA Proposal A system safety analysis or FMEA shall be conducted to demonstrate “no hazard”, i.e. failure of the non-required equipment does not adversely affect the continued safe flight and landing of the aircraft. Ref CAR 101.01 (1)(c) for commercial parts. This shall be a qualitative analysis, considering interface of the non-required equipment to required equipment and systems. It shall not require a failure rate to be calculated for the non-required equipment 14 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment 525.1309 Equipment, Systems, and Installations 1309 (b) cont • Transport Canada considers hat the term “interface”, as being limited to the power supply required to operate the nonrequired equipment. This can be either a dedicated bus provided by the OAM for options or a connection made to the power source of an existing non-required equipment (providing its suitability). Example : Auxiliary bus or Options Bus , Connecting to existing galley power therefore, compliance may be shown qualitatively by a failure modes and effects analysis, or by a fault tree or reliability block diagram analysis. . 15 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment 525.1309 Equipment, Systems, and Installations 1309 (b) cont • When the interface exceeds the above definition , a quantitative analysis may be required to support experienced engineering and operational judgment and to supplement qualitative analyses. TC main concern is the possible impact on the failure rate of the existing certified system due the introduction of new interfaces. It is the applicant responsibility to demonstrate to the certification office, that the new interface introduced by his system, does not impact the reliability of the existing certified design and does not degrade the safety of existing systems. 16 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment • • 525.1309 Equipment, Systems, and Installations 1309 (b) cont The applicant should clearly identify, by suitable analysis, the failure conditions of the new installation and its criticality. The end result of the analysis should confirm “ No Effect” or “Minor” to support the definition of a Non required equipment. The applicant should demonstrate that: 1. the failure condition of the Non-required the system, in itself, is minor, 2. has no effect during normal operation AND failure modes on other A/C systems, and 3. the common design practices of ensuring physical and functional isolation between the Non-required systems and other existing A/C systems are used. 17 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment 1309 (b) cont • In general, compliance may be shown qualitatively and/or quantitatively, when necessary, as a function of the interface. • The MOC should includes also flight and/or ground test. • It should be noted that for compliance with 1309 (b) the applicant shall ensure that the article , when installed, continues to meet the failure condition classification (i.e. no effect or minor) TCCA Position • MOC are acceptable for Category 1 and 2 providing the impact of the interface is taken into consideration. 18 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment • 525.1309 Equipment, Systems, and Installations • (c) Warning information must be provided to alert the crew to unsafe system operating conditions, and to enable them to take appropriate corrective action. Systems, controls, and associated monitoring and warning means must be designed to minimize crew errors which would create additional hazard AEA Proposal • Not applicable. Per (b) above, failure of the equipment shall not adversely affect the continued safe flight and landing of the aircraft, hence no equipment failure warning information to the crew is required. 19 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment • 525.1309 Equipment, Systems, and Installations 1309(c) cont Note: • For category 1 equipment, the applicant should ensure that proper indication exists to notify the crew of possible , errors malfunction or misleading information • When assessing the ability of the flight crew to cope with a failure condition of the new system, the indication and the complexity of the required action should be considered. • Unless flight crew actions are accepted as normal airmanship, proper procedures to address the system malfunction should be described in the approved AFM or AFM revision or supplement. TCCA Position AEA to take the above note into consideration and address the Human Factor issues 20 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment • • • • 525.1309 Equipment, Systems, and Installations (d) Compliance with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section must be shown by analysis, and where necessary, by appropriate ground, flight, or simulator tests. The analysis must consider: (1) Possible modes of failure, including malfunctions and damage from external sources. (2) The probability of multiple failures and undetected failures. (3) The resulting effects on the aeroplane and occupants, considering the stage of flight and operating conditions, and (4) The crew warning cues, corrective action required, and the capability of detecting faults. AEA Proposal Not addressed TCCA Position Applicable and should be noted for compliance with 1309(b) 21 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment • • 525.1309 Equipment, Systems, and Installations (e) Each installation whose functioning is required by this manual, and that requires a power supply, is an "essential load" on the power supply. The power sources and the system must be able to supply the following power loads in probable operating combinations and for probable durations: AEA Proposal • Not applicable. TCCA Position • Noted 22 Avionics Workshop Ottawa, Ontario Nov.2003 Installation Approval of Non-required Avionics Equipment Conclusions 1. TCCA will issue guidance material to address the installation of Non Required Avionics Equipment based on presented interpretation and coordination with flight test group. 2. The definition of Commercial parts as stated in CAR101 will be revised. 23