Transcript Health Care of the Past, Present, and Future

CHAPTER 1
HEALTH CARE OF THE
PAST, PRESENT, and
FUTURE
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All
rights reserved.
Health Care of the Past
• Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese
• Ancient treatments
– Witch doctors
– Herbalists
• Use of herbs and plants for medication
• Plagues caused millions of deaths
• Hippocrates (460–377 B.C.)
– Father of modern medicine
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rights reserved.
History Healthcare Facilities
• 200 B.C. Buddhists in India established
hospital for crippled, sick, or weary travelers.
• 1700 Hospitals were dark, overcrowded, and
dirty.
• 1800 Hospitals began aseptic techniques and
patient outcomes improved.
• 1890 x-ray equipment utilized.
• McFatter
1900
more advancement
Technical
Revised: Februaryin
2008equipment
Center, Broward
Health Care of the Present
• Focus of health care has shifted from
contagious diseases to lifestyle changes
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–
–
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–
Cancer
Drug abuse
Heart disease
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Tuberculosis
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rights reserved.
Health Care in the United
States
• Influenced by:
– State of the economy
– Values of society
– Law of supply and demand
– Technological developments
• Reasons for rising health care costs
– Advanced technological developments
– Increase in malpractice litigation
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All
rights reserved.
Health Care in the United
States
• Influenced by:
– State of the economy
– Values of society
– Law of supply and demand
– Technological developments
• Reasons for rising health care costs
– Advanced technological developments
– Increase in malpractice litigation
– Aging Population
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All
rights reserved.
Table 1-1 Agency Health Care
Providers
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Government agencies
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
(DHHS)
• National Institutes of Health (NIH)
• Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
• Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA)
• Health Departments
Department of Health and
Human Services (HHS)
• Federal agency that oversees the
nation’s health care
• Established in 1798 to provide care for
American merchant seamen
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Figure 1-2 Health Insurance
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Health Care Careers
•
•
•
•
•
•
Economic security
Nature of the duties
Good working environment
Opportunities for advancement
New challenges
Respect
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Career Pathways or Clusters
Therapeutic Services
Biotechnology Research
and Development
Health Informatics
Support Services
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Diagnostic Services
Table 1-2 Career Ladder in
Health Care
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Chain of Command
• Organizational structure of a facility that
indicates the person or department responsible
• Large facilities have complex structures
• Small facilities have simpler structures
• EMS systems uses chain of command and
ideal span of control is 5 to 7
McFatter Technical
Center, Broward
Revised: February 2008
Emergency Incident
Command Structure
McFatter Technical
Center, Broward
Revised: February 2008
The “Patient” of Today
• Has become a “client” or consumer of
health care services
• Takes on more responsibility for his or
her own care
• Obtains second opinions
• Shops for the lowest health care costs
• Seeks alternative and complementary
providers
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Agencies of Accreditation
• Training programs must meet
acceptable standards
• Most agencies of accreditation are
provided by the professional association
of the health care occupation
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Credentialing
• Health care workers may require:
– Licensure: controlled by the state and is usually
based on successful completion of an examination
– Certification: given by an agency or a training
program; indicates successful completion of a
particular course
– Registration: earned through the state or an
agency
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rights reserved.
Health Care of the Future
• Wellness services
– To include nutritional advice, stress
reduction counseling, habit cessation
management, and exercise instruction
• Technology
– Continues to drive the type and pace of
changes in the industry
• Prevention
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Figure 1-4 National Health Care Skill
Standards
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rights reserved.
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.