Transcript Diapositive 1

EASA & UAS
AIRWORTHINESS POLICY
David Haddon
[email protected]
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop,
Olomouc, 5 June 2009
European Aviation Safety Agency
Contents
Part 1: EASA
What is EASA?
Civil/Military Co-operation
Part 2:Civil Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
Civil UAS Experience
Overview of UAS Airworthiness Policy
On-going activities
Summary
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 2
European Aviation Safety Agency
What is EASA?
EASA is a European Union Agency
Established by regulation (EC) 1592/2002:
Defines clear sharing of roles between EASA, the Member
States and the European Commission
Establishes basic principles for civil aviation safety and
essential requirements
Limited to airworthiness and Environmental protection
Scope subsequently extended by regulation (EC)
216/2008 to cover operations, pilot licensing and
3rd country operators.
Will be extended further (2010?) to cover
aerodromes and ATM/ANS
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 3
European Aviation Safety Agency
EASA Facts & Figures
Location:
 Originally located in Brussels
 Seat is Cologne since 03 November 2004
Staffing:
1
- September 2003;
 100 - end of 2004;
 185 - end of 2005;
 450? - end 2009
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 4
European Aviation Safety Agency
EASA Objectives & Role
Principal Objective:
To establish and maintain high uniform levels of
civil aviation safety in Europe
Role:
Rulemaking
Certification
Standardisation
Centre of expertise within EU
International relations
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 5
European Aviation Safety Agency
Civil/Military Co-operation
Regulation (EC) 216/2008
Article 1
Scope
“1. …
2. This Regulation shall not apply when products,
parts, appliances, personnel and organisations
referred to in paragraph 1 are engaged in
military, customs, police, or similar services.
The Member States shall undertake to
ensure that such services have due regard
as far as practicable to the objectives of this
Regulation.”
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 6
European Aviation Safety Agency
Civil/Military Co-operation
Examples of Civil/Military co-operation:
Informal advice and participation in meetings
Mutual exchange of Continued airworthiness
information for dual use aircraft (e.g. helicopters)
A400M civil certification
Recognition that expertise residing in the military
may cross into the civil world (e.g. UAS)
EASA would welcome further co-ordination with
military aviation authorities
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 7
European Aviation Safety Agency
Part 2
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
EASA Airworthiness Policy
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 8
European Aviation Safety Agency
Civil UAS Experience
Initial expectation that civil UAS would explode
onto the civil market has yet to materialise
Many small UAS (<150kg) operating under
exemptions granted by NAAs
FAA grant about 100 Certificates of Authorization
(COA) per year to governmental agencies, mostly
(80-85%) are to small UAS primarily used for law
enforcement.
Currently 3 UAS applications for EASA typecertification (1 each for helicopter, aeroplane and
airship)
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 9
European Aviation Safety Agency
The Civil UAS Market
Source: European Commission - ENTR/2007/065. Study Analysing the Current Activities in the Field of UAV. Frost & Sullivan, 10th November 2008
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 10
European Aviation Safety Agency
UAS Airworthiness Policy
Derived from earlier work done by the
JAA/EUROCONTROL UAV Task Force & A-NPA
16/2005
Establishes general principles for type-certification
Provides guidance to Part 21
UAS Definition
Policy Scope (in line with Regulation 216/2008)
Not military or state a/c (Article 1)
Not research or experimental a/c (Annex II (b)
Not ex-military (Annex II (d))
Not below 150 kg (Annex II (i))
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 11
European Aviation Safety Agency
Policy Objectives
To facilitate the acceptance of UAS for civil
applications while upholding the Agency’s given
objectives in the Basic Regulation.
A civil UAS must not increase the risk to people
or property on the ground compared with
manned aircraft of equivalent category.
Airworthiness standards should not penalise UAS
by requiring compliance with higher standards
simply because technology permits.
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 12
European Aviation Safety Agency
Certification Procedures
Part 21 applies
Existing procedures for manned a/c apply
Normal approach (DOA/POA, TC, CofA, Part M)
Alternative Approach
Allowed under 216/2008 Article 5 4(b)
Provides a step-by-step approach
Deviations from ER must be compensated for
by operational restrictions.
Leads to Restricted TC and/or Restricted CofA
Specific certification specs. or safety case
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 13
European Aviation Safety Agency
Guidance to Part 21
21A.14: Demonstration of Capability
DOA
APDOA for very light UAS (CS-VLA,CS-VLR)
21A.16B: Special Conditions
Emergency recovery Capability
Communication Link
Level of Autonomy
Human machine Interface
Ground Control Station
System Safety Analysis
Due to type of operation
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 14
European Aviation Safety Agency
Guidance to Part 21
21A.17: Type Certification basis
Consists of:
Base CS(s) chosen from KE and equivalence
with manned a/c
Tailoring of CS
SC (including System safety Analysis)
Accept compliance with USAR v3 & STANAG 4671,
provided:
base CS is not above CS-23 and
appropriate system safety objectives are used
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 15
European Aviation Safety Agency
Issues still to be developed
Airworthiness
APDOA
System Safety Analysis & Targets
Sense & Avoid (once criteria is defined)
New EASA responsibilities to be included:
Ops & Lic. (including FDR/CVR)
Aerodromes
ATC/ATM
Prime responsibility outside EASA:
Security
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 16
European Aviation Safety Agency
On-Going Activities
FAA/EASA Collaboration
Joint Authorities for Rulemaking Unmanned
Systems (JARUS)
EUROCAE WG-73 / RTCA SC 203
ICAO UAS Study group
ITU: WRC 2011
EASA Research contract on UAS Communications
Contacts with other organisations: EDA, NATO
(FINAS), NAAs, EUROCONTROL, etc.
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 17
European Aviation Safety Agency
Summary
EASA is committed to developing the regulatory
framework for civil UAS.
EASA is and will continue to actively contribute to
this goal in cooperation with other stakeholders
and regulatory bodies.
UAS will only be allowed to operate where they
can show equivalent safety to manned civil a/c.
Existing civil manned aircraft rules and procedures
will be used wherever practicable.
UAS are only a small (although growing) part of
the EASA’s overall scope, and time/resources must
be allocated proportionately
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 18
European Aviation Safety Agency
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
www.easa.europa.eu
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation
Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 19