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Unit 4 Enlightenment and Absolutism Lesson 4 England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) Review of ENGLAND Answer on your handout 1. What is the divine right of kings? 2. What happened every time Charles I asked Parliament for money? What was the Spanish Armada What is a limited monarchy? England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) Learning Target Students can explain the cause and effect events lead to the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) R – Royal Jewels Charles I did not pay attention to Parliaments demands of the Petition of Right Charles began to raise money to find the Scottish who refused to become members of the Anglican Church In 1639, Charles again asked Parliament for money but they worked to limit his power England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) E – English Civil War The king tried to arrest the leaders of Parliament. This was too much for the English people Charles was forced to leave London and civil war broke out between Parliament and king Supporters of the King (Cavaliers) fought against supporters of Parliament (Roundheads) Cavaliers were rich Catholics and Anglicans the Roundheads were simple Puritans England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) J – Just Watch Us! Oliver Cromwell led the Roundhead army and defeated the Cavaliers His army was better than the kings and he defeated the Cavaliers The winners put Charles on trial, found him guilty of treason, and executed him The execution of a king had never taken place before a crowd of people England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) E – England becomes a military dictatorship Oliver Cromwell takes control of the English government by force The Puritans began to change English society (closed theaters and disallowed sports) After Cromwell’s death, tired of Puritanism, Parliament voted to restore the monarchy Charles son, Charles II is made King this is called the “Restoration of England” England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) C – Charles II was Tolerant Charles II denied the divine right of kings Charles II asked for tolerance between Catholics and Puritans (religious tolerance) Charles II encouraged theater, sports, and entertainment he was called the Merry Monarch Parliament passed the Habeas Corpus Act (protected citizens from unlawful imprisonment) England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) T – The Glorious Revolution When Charles died his brother James II (Catholic) became king and wanted more power Two political groups controlled England the Tories (king) and Whigs (Parliament) They agreed on one thing – they did not want a Catholic King James was old and his daughters were protestant (hooray!) England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) T – The Glorious Revolution The Tories and Whigs believed that after the king’s death, they would have a Protestant ruler. James’ wife however gave birth to a son (Catholic king) The Tories and the Whigs joined together and said that Mary, James’ older daughter, should be queen Mary and her husband, William, arrived in England with an army; James had no support, so he fled the country England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) T – The Glorious Revolution Parliament then said that William and Mary were the king and queen of Scotland and England The English had rebelled against their king without anyone being killed Historians call this even the “Glorious Revolution” England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) E – English Bill of Rights When William and Mary took over they had to sign the English Bill of Rights This document said that only Parliament can make laws and that the king must obey the laws that parliament passes This document gave the Parliament members the right to speak freely in Parliament (the king could not arrest them) England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) D – Democracy Triumphs Within a year Parliament passed: 1. Petition of Right 2. Habeas Corpus Act 3. English Bill of Rights These documents proved that England rejected absolutism England wanted both a democracy and a king this form of government is called a “constitutional monarchy”, that is a body of laws and elected officials to protect citizens rights