Transcript Document

AME EDUCATION
SECTOR PROFILE
Timor-Leste
Timor-Leste
Education Structure
Education System Structure
and Enrollments 2006
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, World Bank
Timor-Leste
Education Structure
• Almost 30% of children enrolled in primary education are over-age
for their grade of attendance.
% Net
% Gross
Enrollments Enrollments
Classification
Level/Grade
Pre-primary Pre-school
Ages
2006
2005
4-5
N/A
10%
63%
91%*
35.0%
68%
23.0%
37%
N/A
4%
N/A
10%**
Primary, grades 1-6
6-11
Lower Secondary, grades
7-9
12-14
Preuniversity Upper Secondary, grades
10-12
15-17
TVET Secondary, grades
10-12
15-17
Tertiary
Post secondary study
18-22
* Primary gross enrollment data from 2007. * *Tertiary data from 2002..
Source: UNESCO UIS, World Bank EdStats
Timor-Leste
Population Structure
• 74% of the population of Timor-Leste is under 25 years old.
• With country fertility rate of 3% yearly, the youthful proportion of
the population will continue to pressure the education system for
another decade or more.
Population Structure 2001
15-25 years
26%
26-64 years
23%
0-14 years
48%
65+ years
3%
Source: T-L Living Standard Survey 2001, CIA Factbook, UNESCO 2008
Timor-Leste
Education Policy
Relevant Policies:
1. National Development Plan 2002
2. Strategic Plan for Universal Primary Completion by 2015,
2005
3. Education and Training: Priorities and Proposed Sector
Investment Program 2005
4. EFA Fast Track Initiative Award, $8.2 million, 2006-2008
www.educationfasttrack.org
Policies are available at:
http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/format_liste1_en.php?Chp2=Tajikistan
Timor-Leste
Education Access: Pre-university
• All levels of education are increasing enrollments.
•Secondary level is increasing at a faster rate, 18.7%, than primary
level at 11.3%.
Pre-university Net Enrollments
70
1999
60
2005
Enrollment (%)
50
40
30
20
10
0
Pre-primary
Primary
Source: UNESCO UIS, World Bank EdStats
Low Secondary
Upper
Secondary
Total
Secondary
Timor-Leste
Education Access: Tertiary
•Tertiary enrollment information for Timor-Leste is very
limited.
• The single public university, the National University
of East Timor, re-opened in 2000 and continues to
receive heavy donor support.
•A single data entry for tertiary education is available:
6,349 individuals were enrolled at the public university
in 2002.
•18 private institutions offer tertiary education of
varying degrees of quality due to a lack of regulatory
mechanisms in place.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Google.com
Timor-Leste
Education Access: Gender
•Girls’ and boys’ enrollments appear to be dropping at nearly an
equal rate.
• Gender parity at this level is .96.
Primary Net Enrollment by Gender
80.0%
Enr9ollments (%)
75.0%
70.0%
65.0%
60.0%
Female
55.0%
Male
50.0%
2000
2003
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. World Bank EdStats
2004
2007
Timor-Leste
Education Access: Gender
• Females and males have made similar enrollment gains at lower
secondary since 2000 (16.7% and 17.3% respectively).
•Females at upper secondary do not enroll in large numbers.
Secondary Net Enrollments by Gender
40
Enrollment (%)
35
30
25
20
15
10
2000
2002
2004
Lower secondary, Female
Lower secondary, Male
Upper Secondary Female
Upper secondary, Male
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
2006
Timor-Leste
Education Quality: Teachers
• The majority of teachers (66%) have upper secondary or postsecondary technical-vocational education.
• The majority of teacher training is offered by small private
universities and NGOs and is of sometimes dubious quality.
Teacher Academic Qualifications
TVET
47%
University
2%
Other
22%
Primary
5%
Sr.
Secondary
19%
Jr Secondary
5%
Source: T-L Primary School Achievement Study 2003, UNESCO (2008)
Timor-Leste
Education Quality: Completion
• Primary completion information is reported for one
year: 2007.
• Less than 50% of primary children complete grade 6.
• Girls and boys complete primary education in equal
numbers.
Total
Male
Female
Source: World Bank EdStats
69.3%
69.4%
69.2%
Timor-Leste
Education Quality: Testing
• Timor-Leste has not participated in TIMSS.
• In 2003, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Youth and
Sports conducted a Primary School Achievement
Survey for math with 3rd and 4th graders.
• Third graders answered 28% and 4th graders
answered 37% of questions correctly suggesting that
children are not learning grade-appropriate knowledge
in math.
Source: World Bank (2004) Education Since Independence
Timor-Leste
Education Equity: Gender/ Geographic Disparities
• Almost 85% of out-of-school children are from rural
areas which also contain the largest proportion of
children in the country.
Dili/
Other Rural
Baucau Urban Center
% of school age
population
% of out-of-school
children
Source: T-L Living Standard Survey 2001
Rural
East
Rural
West
12.5
9.9
39.8
18.8
18.9
8.0
7.4
45.9
20.6
18.1
Timor-Leste
Education Equity: Income Disparities
• The largest proportion of out-of-school children are the poorest and
youngest.
• 32% of the poorest and 26% of the richest out-of-school children,
aged 7-12, say they have ‘no interest’ to be in school.
% of Total in Each Age Group
30
Out-of-School Children by Age and Quintile
7-9
10-12
25
13-14
20
15
10
5
0
Poorest
Q2
Source: T-L Living Standard Survey 2001
Q3
Wealth Quintile
Q4
Richest
Timor-Leste
Education Equity: Academic Disparities
• Timor-Leste does not focus extensively on technical
and vocational training programs at the secondary
level.
General academic programs
Technical/vocational programs
Total Students
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
2004
2005
95.5%
96.3%
4.5%
3.7%
73005
74822
Timor-Leste
Education Efficiency: Expenditure
• Timor-Leste is the biggest spender in the region on education as
a percentage of GDP and public money.
Regional Education Spending Patterns as Percentage
(from latest year 2000-2006)
OECD
% Public
Spending
ASEAN
Bangladesh
% GDP
Laos
Indonesia
India
Cambodia
Timor-Leste
Philippines
0.0%
5.0%
Source: World Bank Education at a Glance
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
Timor-Leste
Education Efficiency: Expenditure
• The education budget in Timor-Leste is almost equally divided
among levels.
Share of Education Spending by Level
Tertiary
22%
Other
22%
Pre-Primary
1%
Secondary
24%
Primary
31%
Source: World Bank EdStats
Timor-Leste
Education Efficiency: Repetition
• Repetition is a serious problem despite the high rates of funding the
country allocates to education.
16
Public Spending on Education and Primary Repetition
Rates ASEAN
Percentages
14
12
%GDP
10
Repetition
8
6
4
2
0
Source: World Bank 2008
Timor-Leste
Education Efficiency: Repetition
• Between 20-25% of primary students repeat grades.
Primary Repetition Rate by Grade
16.0%
14.0%
REpetition (%)
12.0%
10.0%
8.0%
6.0%
4.0%
2.0%
0.0%
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade Level
Source: World Bank 2008
Grade 5
Grade 6
Timor-Leste
Education Efficiency: Private Tutoring
• No information about private tutoring is available.
• Volunteer teachers in the system however, remain an
issue at all levels. Volunteers are paid by parents and
school-raised funds and are often of poor academic
quality.
• One in three teachers at the senior secondary level is
a volunteer as the government has difficulty recruiting
qualified candidates for secondary education posts.
Source: World Bank (2004)
Timor-Leste
Education: Conclusion
Successes:
• Access: Increasing enrollments at all pre-university levels.
• Quality:
• Equity: Gender parity at primary.
• Efficiency: High level of education funding and well-divided between levels.
Challenges:
• Access: Declining primary enrollments and low completion rates. Low
tertiary capacity.
• Quality: Poor teacher academic qualifications. High rates of repetition and
drop-out all levels.
• Equity: Low primary access rate for low income and rural groups. Low
female access rate at upper secondary.
• Efficiency: A system of ‘volunteer ‘ teachers all levels especially upper
secondary.