Transcript INDIAN RAILWAYS- AN INTRODUCTION

INDIAN RAILWAYS- AN
INTRODUCTION
B.V.L.NARAYANA
Senior professor / transportation
management
Scheme of presentation
 History of rail roads
 Evolution of IR
 Organizational structure and management
 Staffing pattern
 Management of staff
– Welfare activities
– Negotiating machineries
– Grievance redressal mechanisms
History of Rail roads
 1550 AD –
– Roads of rails called wagon ways used in Germany—
wooden rails, horse drawn carriages
 1776 AD
– Rails now of metal. Wheels metal—called tram ways—
horse drawn-spread all over Europe
 1789AD
– William Jessop- invented the flanged wheel
 1803 AD
– Steam engine built by Richard trevethick
History of rail roads
 RAILROADS –feasible due to invention of
steam engine
– 1789- first flanged wheels designed –Jessop
– 1804 –first tramway steam engine built and used –R.
Trevithick
– 1825-Stockton and Darlington railways functional
– 1814-George Stephenson –built first rail engine
– 1826- john Stevens- first American railroad
– 1857 –first sleeping car built –Pullman
– 1869-george Westinghouse –invention of air brakes
– 1970’s –high speed technology
HISTORY OF RAILRODSINDIA
– 1832 first proposed in madras—bangalore
– 1836-survey carried out
– 1840- lord Hardinge decides to support building of
railways—irrespective of commercial viability
– 1845-two companies EIR and GIPR operating
– Dec 22 1851—roorkee functional railway system to
haul construction material
– April 16 1853- Bombay –thane first passenger train run
– 15 august 1854 –Howrah to hoogly
History of railroads in India
 The British government encouraged the setting up
of railways by private investors under a scheme
that would guarantee an annual return of 5%
during the initial years of operation. Once
completed, the company would be passed under
government ownership, but would be operated by
the company that built them.
 1862-Howrah –benaras
 1870- East and west network linked –6400 kms
and 95 million pounds investment
History of railroads –India
 By 1880 the network had a route mileage of about 14,500 km
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(9,000 miles), mostly radiating inward from the three major port cities
of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta. By 1895, India had started building
its own locomotives, and in 1896 sent engineers and locomotives to
help build the ugandan railways .
In 1900, the GIPR became a government owned company. The
network spread to modern day states of Assam, Rajasthan and Andhra
Pradesh and soon various independent kingdoms began to have their
own rail systems.
1901 –railway board constituted
1907 –most companies taken over by government—first electric
locomotive
1914-1918—impact of world war I
1920– 61000 kms network—independent railway budget
1940-44—impact of second world war
History of IR –pre independence
 IRCA
– The Indian Railway Conference Association came into
existence in the year 1902. AT that time railway network in
India consisted of 19 privately owned separate railways
systems covering a total of 8,475 miles. Each company had
formulated its own rules and regulations regarding
charging, booking and carriage of Passengers and Goods.
Due to multiplicity of rules the user was very much
inconvenienced. With a view to overcome the difficulties in
regard to different rules and regulations and to frame rules
regarding movement of wagons of one railway system over
the other, the Indian Railway Conference Association was
formed in the year 1902. Initially the Association was
constituted to frame rules and regulations for booking of
traffic and interchange of trains between railways, to act
as a consultative Committee and as a Board of Arbitration.
Subsequently the Committees for prescribing common
standards for wagon maintenance and Classification were
formed and by 1926 it was decided to have permanent
Committees and Technical sections covering all spheres of
Railway working under IRCA.
History of IR –post independence
 1946 –all company railways taken over by
government. 40% railways in Pakistan
 42 separate systems (32 Princely state railways);
55000 KMS—Multi gauge
 1951- reorganization and merger of all company
railways—6 Zones
 1952—BG standard, indigenous production units;
electrification
 1986-steam phased out
 Metro built in Calcutta
 1998-konkan railway built
EAST INDIAN RAILWAY -1860
Some company railways
 BBCI—
– The Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&CI) was
a company incorporated in 1855 to undertake the task of
constructing a railway line between Bombay and Vadodara in
India. BB&CI completed the work in 1864. The first suburban
railway in India was started by BB&CI started between Virar and
Colaba, a station in Bombay Backbay in the 1867
– The Colaba-Borivali section (37.8 km) was eletrified on 5 January,
1928 on the 1.5 kV DC system.
– 1936– electrification of churchgate-virar
– On 5 November 1951 the Bombay, Baroda, and Central India
Railway was merged with the Saurashtra, Rajputana and Jaipur
railways to give rise to the Western Railway.
Madras and Southern Mahratta
Railway
 The Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway was a
railway company that operated in southern India. It was
founded on January 1, 1908, by merging the Madras and
the southern mahratta railways. Initially, its headquarters
was at Royapuram in Madras but later shifted to a newly
constructed building at Egmore, which was inaugurated on
December 11, 1922. On April 1, 1944, its management was
taken over directly by the Government of India.[1] On 14
April, 1951, the Madras and South Mahratta Railway, the
South indian railway and the mysore state railway were
merged together to form the Southern Railway, one of the
16 zones of the Indian Railways
MSM RAILWAY MAP OF NETWORK
Name of Railway
(i) Gaekwar's Baroda St at e Railway*
(ii) Bikaner St at e Railway
(iii) Cut c h St at e Railway
(iv) Dholpur St at e Railway
(v) Jaipur St at e Railway
(vi) Jodhpur Railway
(vii) Mysore St at e Railway
(viii) Nizam's St at e Railway
(ix) Rajast han Railway
(x) Saurasht ra Railway
(w) Sc india St at e Railway
a)
Madras and Sout hern Maharast ra
Railway
(b)
Sout h Indian Railway
(c )
Mysore St at e Railway
(a Great Indian Peninsula Railway
(b)
Nizam's St at e Railway
(c ) Dholpur St at e Railway
Sc india St at e Railway
a) Bombay Baroda and Cent ral India
Railway (less Delhi- Rewari- F azilka and
Kanpur- Ac hnera Sec t ions).
(b)
Saurasht ra Railway
(c ) Jaipur St at e Railway
(d) Rajast han Railway
(e) Cut c h St at e Railway
(e) Marwar- Phulad sec t ion of Jodhpur
Railway
a) Bengal Nagpur Railway
(b) East India Railway (Exc ept port ion
t ransferred t o Nort hern Railway )
East ern Punjab Railway
(b) Bikaner St at e Railway
(c ) Jodhpur Railway (Expec t MarwarPhulad Sec t ion)
(d) Moradabad, Luc know & Ellahabad
Division of East Indian Railway
(e) Delhi- Rewari –F azilka Sec t ion of
Bombay & Cent ral Indian Railway
Oadh-Tirhut Railway
(b) Assam Railway
(c) Kanpur-Achnera section of Bombay,
Baroda and Central India Railway
Mileage
736
883
72
56
253
807
712
1396
179
1274
294
2,939
2,349
729
3,617
1,461
56
294
3,522
1,363
291
197
72
72
3,388
2,279
1,915
883
795
2,101
313
2,741
1,774
252
History of IR –post independence
 1946 –all company railways taken over by
government. 40% railways in Pakistan
 42 separate systems (32 Princely state railways);
55000 KMS—Multi gauge
 1951- reorganization and merger of all company
railways—6 Zones
 1952—BG standard, indigenous production units;
electrification
 1986-steam phased out
 Metro built in Calcutta
 1998-konkan railway built
Route Kilometrege opened on
Railways
3lst March 1986
(1) Central
6,486.32
(2) Eastern
4,281.25
(3) Northern
10,976.67
(4) North Eastern
5,163.31
(5) North East Frontier
3,763.01
(6) Southern
6,728.66
(7) South Central
7,137.54
(8) South Eastern
7,075.05
(9) Western
10,224.40
Total
61836.21
Network zones
IR –zonal RAILWAYS ON DATE
Sl. No
Name
1 Central
2 East Central
3 East Coast
4 Eastern
5 North Central
6 North Eastern
7 North Western
8 Northeast Frontier
9 Northern
10 South Central
11 South East Central
12 South Eastern
13 South Western
14 Southern
15 West Central
16 Western
Abbr. Date Established
Headquarters
Divisions
CR
5-Nov-51 Mumbai Mumbai, Bhusawal, Pune, Solapur, Nagpur
ECR
1-Oct-02 Hajipur Danapur, Dhanbad, Mughalsarai, Samastipur, Sonpur
ECoR
1-Apr-03 BhubaneswarKhurda Road, Sambalpur, Visakhapatnam
ER April, 1952 Kolkata Howrah, Sealdah, Asansol, Malda
NCR
1-Apr-03 Allahabad Allahabad, Agra, Jhansi
NER
1952 Gorakhpur Izzatnagar, Lucknow, Varanasi
NWR
1-Oct-02 Jaipur Jaipur, Ajmer, Bikaner, Jodhpur
NFR
1958 Guwahati Alipurduar, Katihar, Lumding, Rangia, Tinsukia
NR
14-Apr-52 Delhi
Delhi, Ambala, Firozpur, Lucknow, Moradabad
SCR
2-Oct-66 SecunderabadSecunderabad, Hyderabad, Guntakal, Guntur, Nanded, Vijayawada
SECR
1-Apr-03 Bilaspur, CGBilaspur, Raipur, Nagpur
SER
1955 Kolkata Adra, Chakradharpur, Kharagpur, Ranchi
SWR
1-Apr-03 Hubli
Hubli, Bangalore, Mysore
SR
14-Apr-51 Chennai Chennai, Madurai, Palakkad, Salem, Tiruchchirapalli, Thiruvanathapuram
WCR
1-Apr-03 Jabalpur Jabalpur, Bhopal, Kota
WR
5-Nov-51 Mumbai Mumbai Central, Vadodara, Ratlam, Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Bhavnagar
Productivity over time
Railway medical services
Railway medical services
Staff welfare
 Staff Benefit Fund is an important
channel for providing additional facilities
to railway employees and their families
in the spheres of education, recreation,
medicare, sports, scouting and cultural
activities. Dispensaries under the
indigenous systems of medicine, viz.
Ayurvedic and Homeopathic, are run
with the help of this Fund.
Important statistics
 Approximately 42% staff have been
provided with railway quarters.
 253 canteens served subsidized meals
and refreshments to employees during
the year at their work-places.
 Co-operative societies of various types
are encouraged as a part of welfare
programme for employees.
Important activities
 171 registered Railwaymen's Consumer Co-
operative Societies, 19 Railwaymen's
Cooperative Housing Societies and 29
Labour Contract Cooperative Societies were
functional on IR during 2007-08.
 IR attaches due importance to recreation for
its employees and provides excellent facilities
through Institutes/Clubs for sports, libraries,
etc. and Holiday Homes to enable the
employees and their families to enjoy
holidays at nominal expenses.
Railway Minister's Welfare and Relief Fund
The Fund provides financial assistance and relief to
railway
employees and their families in times of distress.
Voluntary
contributions from the employees and Railway
Women's Welfare Organizations constitute the primary
source of the Fund. Life Line Express, with all medical
facilities, runs
under the aegis of Rajiv Gandhi Foundation, New
Delhi for
 Railway Schools
 IR runs and manages 365 railway schools
which include nearly 100
Senior/Secondary/High Schools. These
schools provide quality education at
subsidized cost to about one lakh children of
railway employees and about 30,000 nonrailway wards. There are about 5,500
teachers and about 1,100 nonteaching staff
employed in these railway schools. IR also
supports 62 Kendriya Vidyalayas for the
benefit of wards of railway employees.
Empowerment, Welfare, and
Development of Women
 IR is the largest employer in the country with 13,94,520
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employees of which 82,712 are women employees as on March
31, 2008.
Various privileges are also available to women railway
employees like maternity leave, special leave for promoting
family welfare and most significantly Child Care Leave for a
period of 2 years which has been introduced recently.
Complaint redressal system under gender discrimination
Handicraft centres and Mahila Samities have been instituted to
impart skills necessary for pursuing income generating
vocations. A specific outlay is earmarked under Staff Benefit
Fund towards Women Empowerment Activities. This is for
women family members
Women Welfare Organisations are also being run by wives of
Railway Officers who are also promoting the cause of women
through activities like nursery schools, crèches, institutions for
mentally challenged children, promoting talent amongst wards of
the employees and rendering necessary financial assistance in
Other major activities
 Sports
 Help to differently abled persons
– Concessions
– Facilities at stations and in coaches
– Reservation in posts-3%
 Staff grievance redressal system
 Pension adalats
 Permanent negotiating machinery
Undertaking under IR
 CONCOR
– Set up in 1989
– 3500 crores turn over
– 22% profit
 Center for railway information system
– Responsible for creation and implementation of major
IT systems on IR
 Dedicated freight corridor corporation of India –
– Set up 2006 November
Undertakings under IR
 IRCON
– Set up 1976
– Internationally spread
– Construction company
– 2100 crores turnover
 IRCTC
– Manages catering, tourism and e-ticketing
 IRFC
– Facilitates market mobilization of finances for railways
Undertakings under IR
 KRCL
– Started in 1998
– Runs 760 km long railway line
 PRCL
 RAILTEL
 RITES
– TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC AND
CONSULLTANCY SERVICES
Undertakings under IR
 RVNL
– to raise non budgetary resources –SPV
– Construction activities
 Advisory boards
– Rail users committees
– Research advisory board
 Our heritage
– 3 heritage railways
– Rail museum
ANY QUESTIONS
THANK YOU