Transcript Carl Rogers - Welcome | Campus Connect

Ericka Skinner
3/26/2013
Bio

 Born January 8th, 1902 in Oak Park Illinois
 Fourth of six children
 Father -civil engineer
 Mother-homemaker and devout Pentecostal
Christian
 Could read before Kindergarten
 Spent his adolescence in a strict religious and ethical
environment on a farm
 Isolated, independent, and disciplined person
Bio Continued

 American Humanistic Psychologist
 Focused on the concepts of the Self:




Self Awareness
Self Worth
Ideal Self
Self actualization
Education

 The University of Wisconsin Madison
1. Agriculture
2. History
3. Religion
Columbia University

 Teaching
 MA in 1928 and a PhD in 1931
 Became interested in psychology after a child study
 Lectured and served as director of the Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Children in Rochester, New
York
 Became professor of clinical psychology at Ohio State
University and began to focus on client centered
therapy.
Humanistic
Psychologists

 Emphasize the whole person and look at human
behavior not only through the eyes of the observer,
but through the eyes of the person doing the
behaving
 People behave the way we do because of the way we
perceive our situation
 Reject the deterministic nature of both
psychoanalysis and behaviorism
 All people are good and capable of growth
Growth

 Achieved when:
 People are in an environment that provides them with
genuineness (openness and self-disclosure)
 People are accepted by others (being seen with
unconditional positive regard)
 Capable of giving and receiving empathy (being
listened to and understood)
 Form Our Personalities
Client Centered Therapy

 Also known as:
 Non-directive therapy and Rogerian Therapy
 Establishing a relationship with an understanding,
accepting therapist, can resolve difficulties and gain
the insight necessary to restructure the lives of the
clients.
 Therapists guide clients even in subtle ways, while
clients look for guidance from therapists
Client Centered Therapy
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 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DjTpEL8acfo
Client

 Individuals seeking therapy are to be referred to as
clients, not patients
 Emphasizes the importance of the individual in
seeking assistance, controlling their destiny and
overcoming their difficulties
 Patient is makes it seem as if they client is sick and
searching for a cure through the therapist
Sigmund Freud

 Therapeutic relationship between the therapist and
client could lead to insights and lasting changes in
the client.
 Freud offered unconscious explanations to his clients
to explain their behavior
 Rogers wanted his clients to figure out their behavior
themselves.
 No solutions
 No Judgment
3 Key Qualities of
Client Centered Therapy

 Genuineness-therapist shares his or her feelings
honestly with their client to encourage the client to
share his or her feelings honestly as well.
 Unconditional positive regard- the therapist accepts
the client for who they are and display support and
care no matter what the client is facing or
experiencing.
 Empathetic understanding- allows the client to get a
better understanding of their own inner thought,
perceptions, and emotions through the therapist
Self-Concept

 Organized/consistent set of perceptions and beliefs
about oneself.
 Formed by
 childhood experiences
 evaluation by others.
 We want to feel/experience, thus behave in ways
which are consistent with our self-image and which
reflect what we would like to be like, our ideal-self
3 Components of SelfConcept

 Self worth (or self-esteem) – what we think about ourselves. Rogers
believed feelings of self-worth developed in early childhood and
were formed from the interaction of the child with the mother and
father.
 Self-image – How we see ourselves, which is important to good
psychological health. Self-image includes the influence of our body
image on inner personality. At a simple level, we might perceive
ourselves as a good or bad person, beautiful or ugly. Self-image
has an affect on how a person thinks feels and behaves in the
world.
 Ideal self – This is the person who we would like to be. It consists
of our goals and ambitions in life, and is dynamic – i.e. forever
changing. The ideal self in childhood is not the ideal self in our
teens or late twenties etc.
Congruency and Incongruency

 Congruent- the closer our self-image and ideal-self
are to each other, the more consistent or congruent
we are and the higher our sense of self-worth
 Incongruence- if some of the totality of their
experience is unacceptable to the individual and is
denied or distorted in the self-image. (Everyone
experiences it)
Congruence
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Self Worth

 Develops during childhood from interactions with
parents
 High self-worth- confidence and positive feelings
about him or herself, faces challenges in life, accepts
failure and unhappiness at times, and is open with
people.
 Low self-worth- avoids challenges in life, not able to
accept that life can be painful and unhappy at times,
and will be become defensive and guarded with
other people. (truth hurts)
Needs

 We need to feel valued, respected, treated with
affection and loved.
 Positive regard- how other people evaluate and
judge us in social interaction.
 Unconditional positive regard is where parents/
significant others/ therapist accepts and loves the
person for what he or she is
 Conditional positive regard is where positive regard,
praise and approval of child for behaving in ways
that the parents think correct.
Self Actualization

 Major Goal!
 This is the belief that every person can achieve their
goals, wishes and desires in life.
 Highest potential according to personality
 Ideal self is congruent with their actual behavior
 Fully Functioning!
Fully Functioning

 In touch with the here and now, his or her subjective
experiences and feelings, and continually growing
and changing
 Free of poor self-concept or external constraints
5 Characteristics of Fully
Functioning Individuals

 First-openness to experience: both positive and negative
emotions accepted.
 Second-existential living: Being able to live and fully
appreciate the present, not always looking back to the
past or forward to the future.
 Third-the trust feeling: feelings, instincts and gutreactions are paid attention to and trusted
 Fourth- creativity: creative thinking and risk taking are
features of a person’s life. This involves the ability to
adjust and change and seek new experiences.
 Fifth- fulfilled life: when a person is happy and satisfied
with life, and always looking for new challenges and
experiences.
Later Life

 In 1945, Rogers was invited to set up a counseling center
at the University of Chicago
 1947 he was elected President of the American
Psychological Association
 1956 Rogers became the first President of the American
Academy of Psychotherapists
 He taught psychology at the University of Wisconsin,
Madison until 1963 and during he was elected a Fellow of
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 New Center for Studies of the Person in La Jolla where he
worked for doing therapy, giving speeches, and wrote the
rest of his life
The Person-Centered
Approach Workshops

 Devoted to applying his theories in situations of
political oppression and national social conflict,
traveling worldwide with his daughter and other
fellow psychologists between 1974 and 1984
 US, Europe, Brazil and Japan
 Focused on cross-cultural communications, personal
growth, self-empowerment, and learning for social
change
 Nominated for the Nobel Peace prize just days after
his death.
Death

 Rogers suffered a fall that resulted in a fractured
pelvis: he had life alert and was able to contact
paramedics.
 He had a successful operation, but his pancreas
failed the next night and he died a few days later on
February 4th, 1987.
Today

 Medical Professionals offer therapeutic environment
that is conformable, non-judgmental, and
empathetic. Via guidelines of Carl Rogers
References

 Brennan, J. (1998). Readings in The History and Systems
of Psychology. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice
Hall Inc.
 Cherry, K. (2013). Client-Centered Therapy Carl Rogers'
Non-directive Approach to Therapy. Retrieved from
http://psychology.about.com/od/typesofpsychotherapy
/a/client-centered-therapy.htm
 Hall, K. (1997, 05). Carl Rogers. Retrieved from
http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history
/rogers.htm
 McLeod, S.(2012). Carl Rogers. Retrieved from
http://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html
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