EUROMED SOLAR WORKSHOP on EU-MENA COOPERATION on Solar Power Side event to the extraordinary session of EMPA Dead Sea/Jordan 2008

DESERTEC

Clean Power from Deserts The global challenge of energy, water and climate security Gerhard Knies DESERTEC Project Promotor for The Club of Rome and co-ordinator of TREC www.desertec.org

, [email protected]

Gerhard Knies, EMPA DS 2008 1

Our Earth 2050 a World with 10 Billion People Our Region EUMENA

a community of 1.4 Billion People, rich in solar energy

Our Neighbourhood

with conflicts for land and water Gerhard Knies, EMPA DS 2008 2

Our Earth 2050

has a problem: mankind

Our Region

How can

Our Neighbourhood

10 Billion People live together on Earth ?

Gerhard Knies, EMPA DS 2008 3

5 Essentials for our Earth

with 10 Billion People in 2050 1. Lasting and sufficient water, food + energy 2. Stable economy 3. Stable climate 4. Limit to further population growth 5. Peace

 Enough energy for “civilization”:  Enough water: by desalination and re-use  Enough food: by irrigation  Enough and stable economy  Enough wealth to stop population growth Enough energy precondition for enough water, food and wealth to avoid large scale migration and to avoid conflicts for resources.

 Clean energy for stable climate

New SECURITY paradigm: enough + clean energy

Gerhard Knies, EMPA DS 2008 4

How much power is “enough” ?

1. Power per person per year:

5

(+/- 1)

MWh

2006: world 3.1, OECD =8.6

, USA=12.2, India=0.9, Germany=6.4, Egypt=1.2MWh 2. World pop. 2050:

10

(+/- 0.5)

billion people



50,000 TWh/y,

(+/- 20%) world in 2050  18,000 TWh/y in 2007

Is there a way to provide enough + clean energy?

There are several, a very powerful one is DESERTEC Gerhard Knies, EMPA DS 2008 5

DESERTEC =

Clean Power from Deserts for the World

3000 km More than 90% of world pop could be served

by clean power from deserts !

Gerhard Knies, EMPA DS 2008 world electricity demand (18,000 TWh/y) can be produced from 300 x 300 km² =0.23% of all deserts distributed over “10 000” sites

6

50,000 TWh/y => 10,000 solar GW

Global 10 billion people 2050

Total global power demand EUMENA = 1/7 world population

5

MWh/person/year 50,000 TWh/y 7,000 TWh/y (14%) 50% as solar power from deserts 25,000 solar TWh/y

CSP Collector

„collector GW“

capacity (2,500 solar h/y) CSP Plant capacity (7500 op. h/y) plant capacity = 2-3 x collector capacity

Collector deployment

over 30 years

world-wide

EUMENA

10,000 GW

1,400 GW 3,300 GW

1 GW/day

1 GW/week Gerhard Knies, EMPA DS 2008 7

Our Region - EUMENA

Gerhard Knies, EMPA DS 2008 8

EUMENA Study By DLR MED-CSP TRANS-CSP Club of Rome White Paper 2007 (www.desertec.org)

deserts + technology for energy, water and climate security

9 Gerhard Knies, EMPA DS 2008

Our Neighbourhood 1: Nile Delta food shortage

Egypts food source - under water !

Gerhard Knies, EMPA DS 2008 10

Our Neighbourhood 2: GAZA Water shortage

Gerhard Knies, EMPA DS 2008 11

Strong over-pumping of aquifer underneath Gaza Ground Water Level (m) below Mediterranean Sea Level Pollution of Wells by Salt Water



threat to young children .

P/61

0.00

-1.00

-2.00

-3.00

-4.00

-5.00

-6.00

-7.00

-8.00

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996

L/57

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00

-0.50

-1.00

-1.50

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1998 2000 2002 2004

B/4 A/107

5.00

2.00

4.00

1.00

3.00

0.00

-1.00

2.00

1.00

-2.00

0.00

-3.00

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Sea level -1.00

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002  Salt intrusion !

Gerhard Knies, EMPA DS 2008 12

Basic parameters for Solar Water &Power Source

Population

2005 in Expected in 2015

1.4 Mio 2.0

From Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics In 2025

2.6

Assuming 3.0% ann. Growth In 2035

3.3

Assuming 2.0% ann. Growth

Demand

Power Water Per person and year 5 MWh 350 m³ for 3 Million inhabitants

15 TWh electricity/y > 1 billion m³ water/y

Required solar collector size (5 km² for 1 TWh/year): 

75 km² for collectors = 20% of Gaza area

Gerhard Knies, EMPA DS 2008 13

Solar Power&Water Plants in Egypt and/or Israel + Pipe and Power Lines into Gaza Gerhard Knies, EMPA DS 2008 14

Summary

• • The whole world is vulnerable to climate change and energy scarcity.

• A bold emergency plan is needed. DESERTEC offers a global defense line against climate change and energy scarcity!

• North Africa and Middle East are extremely vulnerable to climate change: Mediterranean Solar Plan  community for energy and climate security. (like community for coal and steel 60 years ago).

Co-operation of desert and technology belts (DESERTEC, Union for the Mediterranean, Mediterranean Solar Plan ) holds the promise – – – to stop climate change, to achieve wealth and just development, to resolve water and energy conflicts in the region Gerhard Knies, EMPA DS 2008 15

10:30 – 10:40 Opening of the EUROMED SOLAR WORKSHOP

Prof.

Hans-Gert Poettering

, President of the European Parliament, President of the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly (EMPA), Honorary Member of the Brussels-EU Chapter of the Club of Rome

10:40 – 10:55 Chairman’s opening remarks

Dr.

Gerhard Knies

, DESERTEC Project Director, German Association CLUB OF ROME; Coordinator, Trans Mediterranean Renewable Energy Cooperation (TREC)

10:55

11:15 –

– 11:15 Survey on solar technologies; Projects in Spain and North Africa

Dr. Nikolaus Benz, Vice President, European Solar Thermal Electricity Association 11:20 Questions

11:20 – 11:35 Combined heat, power, desalination and district cooling with CSP; Potentials in the EU-MENA countries: the MED-CSD project

J ü

rgen Kern, Managing Director, kernenergien | the solar power company 11:35 – 11:40 Questions

11:40

12:00 –

– 12:00 Survey on solar energy potentials; Expected demand for power and water in MENA; and power export to Europe

Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Hans M 12:05

ü

ller-Steinhagen, Head of the Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR) Questions

12:05 – 12:20 The Mediterranean Solar Plan as part of the Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean (UfM)

Antoine-Tristan Mocilnikar, Mission Union pour la M é diterranee, Presidence de la R é publique Fran ç aise 12:20

12:25

–

– 12:40 –

12:25

12:40

Dr. Peer G

ü

13:10

Questions

Bottlenecks and options for market introduction and EU-MENA cooperation

nzel, Head of Renewables – Solar Energy Europe, HSH Nordbank AG What can the EMPA(s) do? Open discussion Gerhard Knies, EMPA DS 2008 16