Transcript Prezentacja programu PowerPoint

International Maritime Statistics Forum
Singapore 16 – 18 April 2007
Fire and Explosions
in Maritime Casualty Statistics
(Polish case)
Urszula Kowalczyk
MARITIME INSTITUTE IN GDANSK
www.im.gda.pl
•R&D institute
•120 employees
• established in 1950
• under The Ministry
of Shipping current
Ministry of Maritime
Economy (analysis,
expertise, statistics, opinions,
yearly reports on maritime
economy in Poland)
World casualty statistics
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2005 – 98 casualties of cargo carrying ships
414 persons reported killed or missed in 2005 (in 2004 – 592)
average age of vessels lost in 2005 - 32.2 years.
At time of loss, 138 tankers were older than 15 years equal to nearly 90%
while only 52% of the total world tanker fleet belongs to this age segment
over 20 years old ships dominate in casualties,
The nature of casualty - most often foundering, which were in most cases
forced by bad weather conditions.
In 1992 –2006 foundering took 445 vessels with 4.7 mill dwt = 31% of total
world losses.
bulk carrier losses – mainly to weather conditions = 42.5% foundering/
grounding,
tanker losses – mainly due to fire and explosions =39.5%,
share in DWT total reported losses:
- fire and explosions
= 20.7%,
- strandings/groundings
= 16.1%
- machinery damage
= 8.8%.
Human error?
„Superfery 14” ferry sank on 27th February 2004
The most dramatic accident in the world fleet that included significant casualties was
the fire on the Philippine ferry nearby Manila. The fire was a result of an explosion in
which 194 passengers and crew members died.
Between the sea ans land
Fire accident on Sea Traden in the Port of Antwerp
FIRE STATISTICS ON POLISH AND FOREIGN
MARITIME SHIPS IN 2005 INCLUDING A DETAIL
ANALYSIS OF SELECTED CASES
Since 1980 Maritime Institute has been involved in research on
causes and impacts of fire on Polish vessels and foreigh vessels in
Polish ports and yards.
14 studies have been completed in 1980-2006.
Total 29 accidents were reported on the vessels in exploitation
and during repairs in the shipyards in 2005;
The study includes the analysis of fire accidents on the vessels in
construction - 23 in 2005.
The main aim of the analysis
To indicate the most common circumstances
in which fires take place and therefore to show
a direction in which preventive actions
of fire services in ports, sea routes and shipyards
should develop.
The analysis includes conclusions gathered during
detailed consultations with fire-fighting services.
Source of data & IMO requirements
The maritime countries of the European Union attach great importance
into the matters of the sea safety therefore the system of prevention
and analysis is constantly improved
(main developments: growing trade and transport, multimodality –
mos, coastal zone management, environment protection)
Data included in the analysis are to be used for the purpose of fire
reporting on Polish vessels made for IMO fire general register and for
improved management of safety and security on national level).
All the information regarding fire statistics on the vessels were acquired
from the fire-fighting services of the selected ship-owners, shipyards
and seaports as well as from regional and local fire brigades in Gdańsk
and Szczecin (coastal zone)
Table 1
FIRE ACCIDENTS ON POLISH AND FOREIGN VESSELS IN 2005 ACCORDING TO IMO
CLASSIFICATION
IMO
DESCRIPTION
VESSEL TYPE
—
1.1.
Passenger ships
1.2.
General cargo ships
1.3.
Bulk carrier
1.4
Container ships
1.5
Ro-ro ships
—
1.6.
Oil tankers
—
1.7.
Chemical tankers
—
1.8.
Gas tanker
1
1.9.
Combined
—
1.10.
Fishing vessels
1.11.
Special other than drilling rigs
10
1.12.
Offshore floating drilling rig
—
1.13.
others
—
3
12
2
1
Table 2
FIRE ACCIDENTS ON POLISH AND FOREIGN VESSELS IN 2005 ACCORDING TO IMO
CLASSIFICATION
YEAR OF CONSTRUCTION OR MAJOR CONVERSION
2.
YEAR OF CONSTRUCTION OR
MAJOR CONVERSION
2.1.
before 1939
—
2.2.
1940  1952
—
2.3.
1953  1965
—
2.4.
1966  1980
1
2.5.
1981  1984
9
2.6.
after 1984 r.
19
n/a
—
Table 3
FIRE ACCIDENTS ON POLISH AND FOREIGN VESSELS IN 2005 ACCORDING TO
IMO CLASSIFICATION
Shipping type
3.
SHIPPING
3.1.
International
20
3.2.
International short-sea shipping
9
3.3.
Cabotage
—
3.4.
National waters
—
3.5.
n/a
—
Table 4
FIRE ACCIDENTS ON POLISH AND FOREIGN VESSELS IN 2005 ACCORDING TO
IMO CLASSIFICATION
place of fire
7.
PLACE OF FIRE
7.1.
Living quarters
1
7.2.
cargo hold, tank
7
7.3.
Engine-room category A
5
7.4.
Engine-room category other than A
1
7.5.
Kitchen
—
7.6.
Pump room
—
7.7.
Office space
3
7.8.
Other rooms
12
7.9.
n/a
—
Table 5
FIRE ACCIDENTS ON POLISH AND FOREIGN VESSELS IN 2005 ACCORDING TO
IMO CLASSIFICATION
Gross tonnage
18.
GROSS TONNAGE (GT)
18.1.
below 500
—
18.2.
501  1000
—
18.3.
1001  1600
8
18.4.
1601  2000
4
18.5.
2001 4000
13
18.6.
4001  6000 and more
4
18.7.
n/a
—
Fire accidents by type of ships
10,32%
3,45%
41,28%
6,68%
34,40%
6,87%
Bulk carrier
Container ships
Special purpose ships
Gaz tankers
General cargo ships
Fishing ships
Casuses of fire accidents on ships
6,89%
3,46%
79,30%
6,89%
3,46%
Ship repair
Unloading in port
on route
At the port and others
Others
Place of the fire accident occurrence
41,37%
24,11%
17,26%
10,34%
3,46%
3,46%
Cargo holds and tanks
Engine-room category A
Engine-room category other than A
Living quarters
Office rooms
Other rooms
Obligations (IMO)
• All passenger accidents and connected damages, should
be reported immediately. Their analysis is of key
importance to introduce efficient preventive measures.
• The regulations aim at the protection of life and health
of the seamen, as well as to prevent material losses and
environmental damage. Thus, based on the provided
information, decision is made if a full inquiry into the
circumstances of the accident is necessary or not.
F. ex. in case of ships under the Vanuatu register, inquiry
is initiated only if there are casualties or the material
losses exceed 50 000USD.
Flammable material type
3,46%
6,89%
37,93%
51,72%
Construction materials
Ship's supply
Dry cargo
Liquid cargo
size of damage
•In 2005 fire accidents
occurrences were classified
as minor in 93% as the
degree of damage was little;
only 7% of fires was severe
and extensive
6,89%
93,11%
•During all 29 fire accidents
there were no casualties,
only in 7% of accidents here
were minor injuries.
Minor demages
Extensive damages
m/v „Mystic” – fire in dry dock
in Gryfia Repair Yard (1,6 mln euro
damage)
Results
• 41% - bulk carriers,
• 34% - special ships,
• 10% - general cargo vessels,
(29 cases)
• 68% - in international shipping (short sea, deep sea)
• 61% - cabotage, national shipping
• 79% - during repair and maintenance
• 10% - dring loading/transhipment
• 44% - action below 1 hour
• 31% - action below 6 hours
• 24% - in tanks or cargo compartment
• 17% - in engine rooms
• 41% - in other rooms7compartments
• 37% - construction/maintenance materials
• 51% - ships supply materials
• 68% - during fire hazardous work and sparklig,
• 17% - cigarets and other burning items belonging to workers
• 72% - detected by crew or workers
• 17% - detected by detectors (instaled on the ship)
OBSTACLES
The circumstances in which fires occur are often difficult to
determine. It is not always clear if they were caused by
infringement of regulations, weather conditions, cargo
properties or equipment failure.
(Example: Fire accident on „Lady Racice” vessel in Gdynia on 28th Dec
2004 – in the compartments loaded with bananas and on the land
flamable materials stored near the ship in fire, the fire brigades
brought from the port and the city, imediate action – CO2).
The control and prevention on Polish vessels registered
under Polish ensign is limited as the obligation to report a
fire accident are attributed to the country of flag and is
done according to that country,s regulations.
New developments
In fire fighting on ships special action has to be performed
which is different from land based accidents.
Each reported fire accident may cause special
recommendations by inspectors as well as controls of state
and condition of fire-fighting equipment on board. The risk
assessment may change due to the introduction of the new
equipment. At the same time along with the economic
development and new products and technologies being
introduced, brand new risks take place. Thus it is so
important to constantly improve preventive measures.
The fire fighters often make their suggestions regarding
equipment systems, communication, training, changes in
arragements and communication
Conclusion
• Analysis and reports on fire cases are
important for improving safety and
security for people, environment and
property.
• They help to minimise risks, reduce the
impact of casualty, develop new technics
of fire fighting
• They rise awarness about the hazards
MARITIME INSTITUTE IN GDANSK
Department of Economics & Law
[email protected]
www.im.gda.pl