Taiwan Wastewater Management and Cleaner Technology for PWB Industry

Jane Tran Orange County Sanitation District

Taiwan Industrial Park

 Water Pollution Control Act  95 industrial parks  8,000 industries  41 industrial parks have their own treatment plants (POTWs), treatment capacity = 100.3 MGD

Taiwan Industrial Park

 NPDES permits applying to all industrial parks and industries with direct discharges (maximum discharge limits only)  Rely on self-monitoring for compliance monitoring  Currently no pretreatment controls between POTWs and IUs

Kuan-Yin Wastewater Treatment Plant

 Complete primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment processes  Total capacity: 8.2 MGD  Industrial profile: food (1%), chemical (34%), dyeing (33%), plastic (2%), metal processing (8%), electroplating (7.5%), steel mills (2%), machinery (5.5%), paper mills (2%), others (5.5%)

Kuan-Yin Wastewater Treatment Pilot Plant

 Operator training  Perform and evaluate feasibility study  Research and development  Apply practical and field experience for students and operators

Kuan-Yin Wastewater Treatment Pilot Plant

 Biological treatment system: activated sludge and contact oxidation  Chemical treatment system: cyanide destruction, chromium reduction, hydroxide precipitation, flocculation, clarification, filter press, O&G separation  Advanced treatment system: sand filter, carbon adsorption, ion-exchange, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, disinfection

Compeq

 Locations: China, Taiwan, Singapore, USA  Up to 16 layers PWB mass production  1.9 million SQFT/month

Compeq

 Heavy metal streams (400 gpm): chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, electrolytic recovery (500 lbs Cu/day), RO  Organic streams: biological treatment system, electrolytic Fenton system  All systems are locally made with a team of 8 engineers  ISO-14001 Environmental Management System

Compeq

 Spill containment problems: overflow and leaks  Water reduction and reuse opportunity  Waste segregation needs  No run-off or storm water control  Pollution prevention opportunity

Nan Ya

 Up to 10 layers mass production  Mining their own copper for substrates, inner layers, and ground planes  All manufacturing processes are automatic  Financial data: capital = $1.01B; assets = $4.07B; revenue = $3.29B; net income = $0.31B

Nan Ya

 Industrial treatment systems: chemical precipitation, hydrogen peroxide/ferrous sulfate oxidation, and incineration technologies  Biological treatment systems: primary, secondary, and tertiary  Power generation plant

Nan Ya

 Lodging accommodations (3 large apartment complexes on site)  Medical facilities, supermarkets, bakery  Movie theater, full scale dining facilities  Sport facilities  Recycling program with profits directly benefiting the employees

Design for the Environment (DfE) PWB Project

 U.S. EPA  Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits (IPC) and its member companies  University of Tennessee’s Center for Clean Products and Clean Technologies  Other interest parties: academic, research, public interest representatives

DfE - PWB Project

 “Direct metallization” technologies without the use of the electroless copper solutions  Alternatives to hot air solder leveling process that do not use lead  Cleaner surface finishing technologies: organic solder protectorates, immersion Pd, immersion Ag, immersion Sn, electroless Ni/immersion Au, electroless Ni/electroless Pd/ immersion Au

Making Hole Conductive Cleaner Technology

 Carbon  Conductive Polymer  Graphite  Non-Formaldehyde Electroless Copper  Organic-Palladium  Tin-Palladium Publication:

PWB Cleaner Technologies Substitutes Assessment: Making Holes Conductive, Vol. 1&2

; EPA 744-R-97-002a and 002b; August 1997

DfE Information Products

 Cleaner technologies substitutes analysis: making holes conductive  Implementing cleaner technologies in the PWB industry: making holes conductive  PWB industry and use cluster profile  PWB pollution prevention and control: survey results analysis  Pollution prevention case studies and project fact sheets  Federal regulations affecting the electronics industry

To Obtain Information or Publications for the DfE - PWB Project

Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse (PPIC) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 401 M Street, SW (7409) Washington, DC 20460 Tel: 202-260-1023 Fax: 202-260-4659 Email: [email protected]

DfE: www.epa.gov/dfe IPC: www.ipc.org/html/ehstypes.htm#design