Transcript Slide 1
Situation of Persons with Disabilities in Ethiopia
Disability in Ethiopia
Prevalence
WHO Estimation [10% -Over 7,000,000 ]
1995 Baseline Survey [2.95% Over 2,500,000]
Prevalence of Disability by Type
MD- 42 % VI-30 % HI-15 % ID-7 % BP- 2 % S &M 4 % Tirussew etal. Baseline Survey, 1995 MD Motor Disorders VI HI Visual Impairment Hearing Impairment ID BP Intelectual Disablity Behavioural problems S & M Speech & Multiple Disablitity
Causes of Disability
Pre-, Peri- & Post-natal Disabling factors
Health and psychosocial condition of the prospective mother (health, nutrition and psychological conditions) Childhood infectious diseases Malnutrition & Under-nutrition Complications during at the time of delivery Harmful traditional practices Lack of personal hygiene & environmental sanitation Genetic anomalies
Society and Disability
Traditional Model (Socio-cultural, religious & social constructs)
Divine force, possessed by POSSESSED evil spirits, wrong deeds, curse punishment etc.
Dependent, subject of charity,
Sign of shame and disappointment
Hidden behind the home
Status of persons with Disabilities
Unemployment (Dependency Syndrome)
Discrimination of service provision (education, health, employment, transportation and other accessibility issues) Psychological ramifications (low self esteem)
Constitute the poorest of the poor in society
Access to Education
Number of School age Children in Ethiopia [ 7 16 age: 15,203,092 ] (3 % (456092) ( MOE,2005) 1%- 4560 have access to education Children with sensory impairment Children with intellectual disabilities
Children not going to school spend their timelooking after cattle
Education of Children with Disabilities
I. Special Schools (20)
a) Day & Residential Schools for the Deaf [ GOs, NGOs, National Associations of PwDs & Faith Based Organization ] b) Residential Schools of the Blind 9 (5) [ GOs, NGOs, National Associations of PwDs & Faith-Based Organization )
II Special Classes in Regular Public Schools (over 250) III. Reversed Inclusion (Mekanissa) III Emerging Inclusive Schools [ NGOs & GOs]
Opportunities/Government Policies
Education & Training Policy [TGE, 1994]
… While this provision is meant to address the needs of all children, the Policy, with an appreciation of the needs of students with disabilities has indicated that "Special educational and training will be provided for people with special needs" (No. 3.2.9).It has further confirmed that efforts will be made “to enable both the handicapped and the gifted learn in accordance with their potential and need (No. 2.2.3).
Government Policies
Developmental and Social Welfare Policy [FDRE,1997]
…affirms that all efforts shall be made to implement all international and regional conventions and legal instruments concerning the rights of children which Ethiopia has already acceded to (Article 5.1.3).
The Constitution [FDRE, 1995]
…article 41 sub articles no.5 and no. 50 clearly state about the rights of citizens to equal access to publicly funded services & the support that shall be given to accommodate the needs of PwDs.
International Instruments & Other Agencies
International and Regional Conventions on the rights of persons with disabilities (law of the land) Ethiopian National Associations of Persons with disabilities Civic societies and local and international NGO,
Encouraging trends on the ground
The expansion of special classes aim at creating inclusive schools The strategic expansion of SNE in ESDP IV (2010-2015) The Inclusion of SNE in the Growth and Transformation Plan -2010-2015 Emergence of Cluster Resource Centers (school in the catchments ) Introduction of mobile service , itinerant teachers Expansion of SNE Teacher Education Programs in Higher Education Institutions School-based In-service Professional Development Programs Community-based rehabilitation and intervention programs (NGO, National Associations etc.) ECCE Policy Frame-work (inter-sectorial cooperation)
Encouraging Developments at Addis Ababa University
Academic programs at all levels (BA/MA/PhD) Disability and Career Development Center Sign language Education at Linguistics Dept.
Braille Collection & Reading Section at Kennedy library Associations of SwDs [VISA,PISA & HISA) Financial support (monthly pocket money, for writing senior essays, thesis and for exam readers) Accommodation and dining during summer vacation
The Way to the Future Inclusive Education
Educational Reform (attitude, accessibly curriculum, methodology etc)
Early childhood Care and Education Primary Education Secondary Education Technical vocational Education Tertiary Education
Challenges of Inclusive Education in Ethiopia The Educational System
Unable to accommodate diversity
Rigid curriculum & methods Neg. attitude of teachers& school mangers Large class size Many Early drop-outs & repeaters Lack of Instructional materials & equipment
Architectural Barriers
[services & facilities]