Transcript Slide 1
Overview of Site Remediation Technologies Gas inFusion Systems for Groundwater Remediation
Jim Begley inVentures Technologies Inc. (iTi)
Represented By:
“Offering you the finest environmental contracting services, products & remedial technologies available”
Contact: Craig Marlow 8248 Hidden Forest Drive, Holland, Ohio 43528 Phone 419.867.8966 Fax 419.867.8976Cell 419.349.7970 Email [email protected]
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Presentation
• Introduction to Gas inFusion technology • Bioremediation Alternatives • iSOC system design • gPRO Systems for active gas infusion and enhanced NAPL recovery www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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iTi Gas inFusion™ Technology
Microporous Hollow Fiber Mass-transfer of gasses to groundwater w/out sparging
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Mass Transfer- Gas to Liquid
• Solubility – Driving force unique to each gas • Interfacial Surface – Pathway for gas molecules to contact liquid
Gas inFusion Technology Provides Large Interfacial Surface
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Dissolved Gas Conditions
• Saturation – The condition of a liquid with the maximum possible stable quantity of a solute at a specific temperature and pressure • Supersaturation – An unstable condition of a solution with a solute at a concentration exceeding saturation
Gas inFusion Technology can achieve saturated and supersaturated conditions
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iSOC
®
Technology
Microporous Hollow Fiber
iSOC ®
– in situ Submerged Oxygen Curtain
—innovative gas delivery technology iSOC provides large interfacial surface area as a pathway for gas molecules to contact and dissolve in groundwater www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Typical iSOC Well Schematic
Valve Box Gas inFusion Well inFusion Well Screen (High Flow Screen) typically 0.010 to 0.030 slot width Tubing Regulator and Manifold Water Table Grout Seal Sand/Gravel Pack Gas Supply Filter Contaminated Groundwater Treatment Zone Lifting Line iSOC Unit Well Sump (~ 1 ft below iSOC) www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
Groundwater Flow inVentures Technologies
iSOC System
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HiSOC
®
Hydrogen Gas Hose Connection
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gPRO HP Active Dissolved Gas Substrate Delivery
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gPRO HP w/ Oxygen Generator
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Mobile gPRO HP Setup
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gPRO Gas inFusion System
Water Supply Gas Supply Injection Pump gPRO HP Modules (multiple modules in series and parallel) Injection Wells www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Remedial Applications
• Passive and Active
in situ
bioremediation – Oxygen for aerobic treatment – Oxygen and cometabolic substrates (alkane and alkene gases) for lower chlorinated compounds, 1,4-dioxane, NDMA – Hydrogen for reductive dechlorination of chlorinated solvents, denitrification and perchlorate reduction • Abiotic Geochemical Fixation of metals (H 2 and O 2 ) • pH adjustment with CO 2 • NAPL recovery enhancement with CO 2 Saturated Water Injection (SWI) www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Bioremediation –Microbes at Work
Conceptual The Real Thing
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Direct Aerobic Groundwater Bioremediation
• Soil microorganisms are stimulated to degrade contaminants of concern • Oxygen is the preferred electron acceptor • Contaminant is the food • Products are biomass, carbon dioxide and water www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Direct Aerobic Treatment
Hydrocarbons solvents e.g. VC Eating CO 2 and energy Gas O 2 Breathing H 2 O www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Aerobic Treatment of Petroleum in Groundwater
• Process requires a balanced source of macronutrients carbon:nitrogen:phosphate (C100:N10:P2) • Hydrocarbon is the carbon source for energy and growth of biomass • Every gram of BTEX requires 3.14 grams oxygen for complete degradation www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination
Anaerobic dehalorespiring bacteria (
Dehalococcoides
ethenogenes) use H 2 as electraon donor (food) and chlorinated solvents (e.g. PCE) as an electron acceptor (breathing PCE) 20 grams of PCE can be degraded with 1 gram of H 2 www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Most Oxidized
CL CL C=C CL CL H CL C=C CL CL H CL C=C H H CL H CL C=C H
Most Reduced
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H H H C=C H inVentures Technologies
Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination
Electron donor (H 2 ) Eating Energy Breathing PCE, TCE Ethene www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Aerobic Cometabolic Oxidation of Lower Chlorinated Solvents (TCE, DCE, VC)
• Bacteria use a continuous supply of oxygen as the electron acceptor • A cometabolic substrate (e.g. alkane gas) is supplied as a growth substrate (electron donor) www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Aerobic Cometabolic Oxidation
• Cometabolic substrate induces the production of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of TCE, DCE and VC (lower CAHs) • Bacteria gain energy from the cometabolic substrate, not from the chlorinated solvent www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Aerobic Cometabolic Treatment
Cometabolic substrate (Alkane gas) Eating CO 2 and energy O 2 Breathing H 2 O From EPA July 2000 www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
Alcohols and organic acids inVentures Technologies
Example Design iSOC Plume Biobarrier System
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GW-Flow iSOC Treatment Zone MW-X MW-Y ` Distance
iSOC Area of Influence and Treatment Zone www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Key Design Information
• Site hydrogeologic data • Contaminant concentration and distribution • Groundwater geochemistry and nutrients • Biological parameters • Remedial objectives • Access limitations inVentures Technologies www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
Site Groundwater Flow www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Source Area Extent of Groundwater Contamination Receptor Stream www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Problem Statement
• Wells containing dissolved petroleum constituents exceeding their respective RBSLs (MW-1, MW-4, MW-8, MW-11, MW-15, MW-17, and MW-19) • Surface water samples from Salt Creek downgradient indicated the presence of MTBE
(main concern)
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Evaluation of Oxygen Demand Area and Hydrogeology
1. Treatment Zone Physical Dimensions
Length (Perpendicular to predominant groundwater flow direction) Width (Parallel to predominant groundwater flow) Saturated Thickness Treatment Zone Cross Sectional Area Treatment Zone Volume Treatment Zone Total Pore Volume (total volume x total porosity) Treatment Zone Effective Groundwater Volume (total volume x effective porosity) Design Period of Performance
2. Treatment Zone Hydrogeologic Properties
Total Porosity Effective Porosity Average Aquifer Hydraulic Conductivity Average Hydraulic Gradient Average Groundwater Seepage Velocity through the Treatment Zone Average Groundwater Seepage Velocity through the Treatment Zone Average Groundwater Flux through the Treatment Zone Soil Bulk Density Soil Fraction Organic Carbon (foc)
Values
70 140 15 1050 147,000 329,956 329,956 1
Range
1-10,000 1-1,000 1-100 - - - - .5 to 5 feet feet feet ft 2 ft 3 gallons gallons year
Units
0.3
0.3
5 0.025
0.42
152.1
358,435 1.7
0.005
.05-50 .05-50 .01-1000 0.1-0.0001
- - - 1.4-2.0
0.0001-0.1
ft/day ft/ft ft/day ft/yr gallons/year gm/cm 3 www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Evaluation of Oxygen Demand Aqueous and Sorbed CoCs
3. Initial Treatment Cell Oxygen Demand (one total pore volume) A. Aqueous-Phase Inorganic Demand
Dissolved Manganese ( Mn (II)) Dissolved Iron (Fe II)
B. Aqueous Phase Organic Oxygen Demand Demand (lb.)
Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene Xylenes MTBE Mineral Oil/TPH Concentration (mg/L) Mass (lb) Stoichiometric demand (wt/wt O 2 ) 0.000
0.000
0.00
0.00
1.0
1.0
Aqueous Phase Inorganic Oxygen Demand Demand (lb.)
Concentration Mass
(kg)
Stoichiometric demand (mg/L) 0.150
0.018
(lb) 0.41
0.05
(wt/wtO 3.5
3.5
2 ) 0.120
0.030
0.012
0.500
0.33
0.08
0.03
1.38
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
Aqueous Phase Organic Oxygen Demand Demand (lb.)
Koc Soil Conc.
Mass
(kg)
Stoichiometric demand
C. Sorbed Phase Organic Oxygen Demand Demand (lb.)
(Soil Concentration = Koc x foc x Cgw) (mL/g) (mg/kg) (lb) (wt/wtO 2 ) Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene Xylenes MTBE Mineral Oil/TPH/TOC
Total Aqueous and Adsorbed Demand
83 135 95 240 12 180 0.06
0.01
0.06
0.04
0.97
0.19
0.89
0.56
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
0.00
0.01
3.5
0.45
7.02
3.5
Total Sorbed Organic Oxygen Demand (lb.) (kg) Total Oxygen Demand (lb.) (kg)
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Oxygen Demand (lb) 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Oxygen Demand (lb) 1.45
0.17
1.16
0.29
0.12
4.82
8.00
3.63
Oxygen Demand (lb) 3.40
0.66
3.11
1.97
0.04
24.58
33.76
15.31
41.8
18.94
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Evaluation of Oxygen Demand Aqueous and Sorbed CoCs
4. Soluble Flux of Oxygen Demand
Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene Xylenes MTBE Mineral Oil/TPH Dissolved Manganese ( Mn (II)) Dissolved Iron (Fe II) Concentration (mg/L) 0.150
0.018
0.120
0.030
0.012
0.500
0.000
0.000
Mass (lb) 0.45
0.05
0.36
0.09
0.04
1.50
0.00
0.00
Stoichiometric demand (wt/wt O 2 ) 3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
1.0
1.0
Total Soluble Contaminant Electron Acceptor Demand Flux (lb./yr) Total Oxygen Flux Demand (lb/yr) (kg/yr) Total Oxygen Flux Demand (lb/day) Total Oxygen Flux Demand (g/day) kg/day
Oxygen Demand (lb) 1.57
0.19
1.26
0.31
0.13
5.23
0.00
0.00
8.69
13.0
5.9
0.036
16 0.016
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Gas Supply and Delivery Rate
Oxygen Cylinder Life and Production Rates *data in cells highlighted in green can be changed Depth of H2O to Unit (ft) Number of of iSOCs Oxygen Regulator Setting (psi) Oxygen Cylinder Volume (ft 3 ) Your Water Pressure (psig) Total Pressure (atm) System Oxygen Flow max deviation (95% C.I.) Oxygen (pounds)
250 200 80 21 17 7
Max Dissolved Oxygen @ Y depth (ppm) Oxygen Production Rate (Grams / Day) 10 9 50
4 1.3
19.7
1.733495898
ft psi
standard cc/min standard cc/min
Actual Cylinder Life for Y iSOCs 26 20 9 53 308.0
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Treatment Layout
• Orientation and spacing based on groundwater flow and oxygen demand • 15 to 20 ft crossgradient spacing in two fences – 4 treatment well line downgradient to protect receptor stream – 5 treatment wells to address oxygen demand in the target area – Anticipated period of operation to address oxygen demand (3 years) • Longer term operation required to maintain cut off without source remediation inVentures Technologies www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
iSOC Well Layout
Treatment Shed
Proposed iSOC Treatment Wells
70 feet
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What about the source area?
• High hydrocarbon concentrations indicated the presence of possible residual hydrocarbon saturation or trapped LNAPL • Alternative technologies were more appropriate for the source area in the given time frame for remediation inVentures Technologies www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
Example Case Study : gPRO HP Oxygen Gas inFusion and Subsurface Delivery
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Field Trial Plan
Field trials were designed to evaluate: • Feasibility of high concentration oxygenated water injection • Oxygen distribution in the subsurface (reported here) and • Affects of oxygen delivery on contaminants of concern www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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gPRO Oxygen System
• inVentures Technologies gPRO HP system with oxygen generator System Constructed by Cornelsen Limited www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Injection Trial System
• gPRO 4-module system oxygenating municipal water supply • 3 injection wells in a cluster • Injection depth approx 3.5 meters below land surface • Sheet pile isolation of test lane • Groundwater flow parallel to lane inVentures Technologies www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
Field Trial Test Lane
Injection Wells Monitoring Wells Lane C Groundwater Flow www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Date
gPRO Operation and Monitoring Data
gPRO Average Injection DO (mg/l) Average Flowrate (l/min) Time (min) Total Volume Injected (l) Total Volume Injected (m 3) Mass O 2 Delivered (Kg) Peak DO (mg/L) @ GW sampling point
2/4/2008 Baseline 3/25/2008 60.3
4/2/2008 63.2
4/7/2008 4/14/2008 4/20/2008 5/19/2008 63.2
54.1
57.3
32.7
20.0
17.5
30.0
28.6
29.4
43.0
144 177 120 128 138 100 2880 3100 3600 3670 4060 4300 2.88
3.1
3.6
3.67
4.06
4.3
0.17
0.20
0.23
0.20
0.23
0.14
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
0.99 1.43 1.54 1.39
2.70 1.80 3.40 5.30
2.71
9.00
2.10 2.00 3.50 9.20 10.10
5.50 4.70 7.50 1.70 12.80
6.00 6.50 7.20 12.50 18.00
5.90 3.70 7.80 13.60 16.10
2.80 2.80 3.90 4.10 10.90
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Initial Oxygen Distribution 2/08
>2 mg/L www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Peak Oxygen Distribution 4/14/08
>12 mg/L >18 mg/L www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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NAPL Source Zone Remediation utilizing Supersaturated Water Injection (SWI) Gas inFusion™ Technology www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Enhancement of NAPL Recovery With SWI
• Water is supersaturated with CO 2 gPRO HP System in the • Supersaturated (carbonated) water is injected into the aquifer in and below the NAPL zone • CO 2 bubbles nucleate in the aquifer • Hydrocarbons volatilize into CO 2 inVentures Technologies www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
Enhancement of NAPL Recovery
• NAPL coats the gas bubble and is mobilized up for non-aqueous phase extraction • Trapped NAPL ganglia are displaced by CO 2 and mobilized for non-aqueous phase extraction • Groundwater, NAPL and soil vapor are removed through dual phase extraction wells inVentures Technologies www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
Technology :
Mechanisms
Spontaneous spreading of NAPL over water in the presence of gas and the subsequent transfer of volatile NAPL constituents into the growing gas bubbles
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Technology :
Mechanisms
Upward mobilization of NAPL contacted by gas phase carbon dioxide
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Proof of concept in the lab:
In situ
gas saturation development and rate of gas evolution
Bubble flow meter V g1 V g2 V g3 Injection Saturated porous medium Production Supersaturated water, C
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Water outlet and level control V w
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Gas evolution during SWI: Experiment www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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SWI
In situ
gas evolution in the presence of impermeable barriers www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Recovery of residual hexane by SWI Volatile NAPL is removed by gas evolution www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Field Application SWI well Multiphase extraction well Unsaturated Zone gPRO HP Contaminated Zone/Trapped NAPL Induced Flow Saturated Zone
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Design Considerations for Selection of iSOC and gPRO Systems
• iSOC for enhanced natural attenuation and passive plume cut off biobarriers – Lower substrate mass requirements – Broad range of geologic conditions • gPRO systems for active high mass substrate delivery – High substrate demand or NAPL recovery – Geologic conditions suitable for extraction and reinjection – Enhance ETR systems and targeted source area/hot spot treatment www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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Questions?
Jim Begley inVentures/MT Environmental Restoration
www.gPROinfo.com
www.isocinfo.com
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Contact:
“Offering you the finest environmental contracting services, products & remedial technologies available”
Craig Marlow 8248 Hidden Forest Drive, Holland, Ohio 43528 Phone 419.867.8966 Fax 419.867.8976 Cell 419.349.7970 Email [email protected]
www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com
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