Transcript Company background presentation

“Scientific and Technological
Innovations in Agriculture in
Moldova: National Experience "
The international workshop on
cooperation in science and innovations
28th February – 1st March 2013,
New Delhi, India
Valentina Fetiniuc,Moldova
Tudor Lupascu, Moldova
1
General country overview
Area:
km2
Population:
33,800
3.58 million
Capital:
Chisinau 717,000 citizens
National Legislature:
Unicameral assembly
National currency:
Moldavian Leu (MDL)
2
The major condition for RM to pass
to the new economy, based on
knowledge is
innovations
model
economic
development:
transforming innovations and innovation activity
into the major
social-economic development
factor of Republic of Moldova
It assumes as practical realization of the
complex approach to creation of innovative
structures, and mechanisms of interaction of
science, formation, small innovative business, the
large industrial corporations, and corresponding
financial institutions.
3
The innovative development process
in Moldova
Agricultural Sector in the Republic of Moldova is one of
the leading sectors in economy (8-10% of GDP)
Innovation activity in Agro industrial Complex of
RM – a management of complex natural and economic
systems, process of new technologies, chemical and
biological agents developments
Innovations
in
agro
industrial
complex
implementation of research and development in the form
of new varieties, breeds and species of animals and
poultry, new or improved food products, materials and
technologies in crop production, livestock and processing
industries, fertilizers and protection for plants and
animals, etc.
Classification of types of innovations in AIC
Selectiongenetic
 New breeds,
types of animals
and poultry
 Creation of
plants and
animals that are
resistant to
diseases, pests
and unfavorable
environmental
factors
 New varieties
and hybrids of
agricultural
plants
Technicaltechnological
and industrial
 Scientifically-based
system of farming and
livestock
 New fertilizers and its
systems
 New plant protection
products
 Biological function and
ecological aspects of
agriculture
 New energy saving
technologies of
production and
storage of food
 The use of new
technique
 New cultivation
technologies for
agricultural crops
 New industrialized
technology for
livestock
Organizational
–managerial
and economical
 The development of
cooperation and
formation of integrated
structures in AIC
 New forms of technical
service and support
resources in AIC
 New forms of
organization and labor
motivation
 New forms of
organization and
management in AIC
 Marketing Innovation
 Creating innovative and
consultation system in
the field of science,
technology and
innovation activities
 Concepts and methods of
decision-making
 Forms and mechanisms
of innovative
development
Socioecological
 Formation of personnel
system of scientific and
technical provision for
AIC
 Improving work
conditions, health
issues, education and
culture of rural
workers
 Wellness and
improvement of
environmental quality
 Ensuring favorable
environmental
conditions of living,
working and recreation
for the population
 Introduction of modern
management, including
synergetic
management
Applied technological researches in
AIC of Moldova are developed in the
following directions:
agriculture, land amelioration, water and
forestry;
crop and plant protection;
livestock and veterinary medicine;
mechanization, electrification and
automation of production;
storage and processing of agricultural
products.
Improvement of water potabilization
technologies
of ground and underground waters
Lupashcu Tudor, Ciobanu Mihail,
Rusnac Arcadie, Botsan Victor
Institute of Chemistry of ASM, S.A. „Apa-Canal”
Chisinau
*E-mail: [email protected]
7
 The paper presents scientific results related to the
establishment of water disinfection processes for
Nistru River and highlights their effectiveness, using
chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite as
disinfectants.
 It was established that from ecological and
economical points of view, the most effective method
of disinfection is the use of sodium hypochlorite.
8
 New catalysts have been synthesized based on
carbon and mineral sorbents.
 The obtained catalysts were tested as solid supports
to remove hydrogen sulfide from groundwater
through aeration and oxidation processes.
 It was established that carbonic adsorbents
made ​from nut shells and peach stones, oxidized and
impregnated with ions of Cu2+, Mn2+ and Fe3+ show
enhanced properties in the processes of oxidation
and adsorption of hydrogen sulfide ions.
 Among mineral catalysts, the most prominent
regarding the oxidation and adsorption capacity of
hydrogen sulfide are solid media obtained by
intercalation with aluminum oligomers and modified
with manganese salts.
9
The centralized networks of drinking water supply in
Republic of Moldova require the resizing of national
strategy within this domain of activity
It is based on both extensive principles of increase
water uptake in the Nistru, Prut and Danube rivers
and the increase of water abstraction from deep
underground aquifers horizons on one hand, and
based on intensive principles of the water
potabilization technologies betterment, making more
efficient the use of new reactive generation, on the
other hand.
The studies that were done open new possibilities for
the improvement of ground and underground water
potabilization technologies in Republic of Moldova,
assuring the sanitation and human health norms.
10
Nowadays, 67% of the population of Republic of
Moldova is using potable water from the centralized
systems.
According to the forecasts, the water volume dispensed
by centralized water systems is about 130 liters
man/day, for townsman is about 275 liters man/day.
There are regions where water supply is insignificant.
One person from Vulcanesti gets 64 liters of water per
day.
The problem of potable water supply is still severe for
the population and national economy that is caused by
the irregular distribution of water sources on the
territory of Republic of Moldova and by the poor water
quality.
Water pipes, sewages and the water treatment system
require important financial and material resources. 11
 The researches were aimed to improve technological
process of ground and underground water potabilization
of the country.
 The researches were oriented to remark the efficiency of
new disinfectants in order to substitute chemicals
presently used for the ground water treatments as
primarily of liquid chlorine.
 The usage of chlorine for the disinfection of drinkable
water
involves
serious
security
measures
of
transportation, storage and installations operation.
 In the case of emergency situations (earthquake, fire)
increases the risk of producing the chlorine gas emissions
within the space with environment pollution and mass
population intoxication.
 There were made scientific researches for the procedures
for hydrogen sulphide and sulphide removal from
groundwater by physical, physicochemical methods.
 Scientific research was done at the Treatment water station of the
Nistru River in Chisinau.
 There were used as disinfectants liquid chlorine as well as chlorine
dioxide and sodium hypochlorite.
 The study of hydrogen sulfide and sulfides removal processes from
underground waters in semi-pilot conditions was done at the
Ecologic Chemistry Lab of Chemistry Institute of Academy of
Sciences of Moldova.
 Thus, it was used active carbon CAN-8, derived from nut shells
activated with water vapors, modified with Mn2+ and Fe3+ ions.
 The saturation process of active carbon CAN-8 with ions of Mn2+ and
Fe3+ was realized by using concerned chlorides in equimolar ratio,
after what it was washed with distilled water and dried at 1050C to
get constant mass.
 There were taken 10 liters of underground water from the Hincesti
well No. 1, 20 grams of active carbon CAN-8 + Mn2+ +Fe3+ and this
content was bubbled with air (400L/h).
13
Feasibility study results of the usage of different chemicals for the water disinfection
Sodium Hypochlorite.
process are presented below
Sodium
Characteristics
1
Station Productivity,
m3/day
Reagent Doze
Chlorine
Chlorine Dioxide
0,3%, ClO2
(TwinOxide)
2
3
333000
333000
Hypochlorite
solution 0,8%
NaОCl
333000
4
Solution 190 gr/m3
(transportation variant
from manufacturing
plant)
5
333000
3,2 g/m3
0,017 l/m3
0,4 l/ m3
recalculated for
NaОCl - 0,8%
Reagent consume per
hour
Reagent cost price, year
44,0 kg
229 l/h
5500 l
4167240 lei
66231000 lei
(4014000 euro)
Electricity consumption,
24 h
Transportation, year
1200 kW h
100 kW h
6336 kW h
200 kW h
Exploration for 7 years
300000 lei
41061258lei
50000 lei
464205378 lei
100000 lei
29976436 lei
3200000 lei
114604763 lei
Reagent price cost, year
4167240 lei
66231000 lei
(4014000 euro)
Electricity consumption,
24 h
Transportation, year
1200 kW h
100 kW h
6336 kW h
200 kW h
Capital expenses
300000 lei
41061258 lei
467330000 lei
50000 lei
464205378 lei
5715000 lei
100000 lei
29976436 lei
43922500 lei
3200000 lei
114604763 lei
11150000 lei
Design work
500000 lei
1 980000 lei
(120000 euro)
1072500 lei
(65000 euro)
33000000 lei
(2000000euro)
300000 lei
Cost for basic equipment
165000 lei
(10000 euro)
500000 lei
(30000 euro)
Total expenses for the
exploitation guaranteed
period
508391258 lei
469920378 lei
73898936 lei
125754763 lei
Exploration 7 years
0,034 l/m3 recalculate
for NaОCl-190 g/m3
(with losses of- 95
g/m3)
467 l
13104000 lei
13104 000 lei
1 000000 lei
(60000 euro)
14
Water quality indicators before and after sodium hypochlorite solution treatment
Indicator
Unit of measure
Related normative
Index value
(Nistru
river, may 2010)
Nr.
document
Before treatment
1
1.
2
Turbidity
2.
3.
pH
Smell 200C/600C
4.
Taste
5.
Color
6.
3
Turbidity unit
After treatment
MAC Value
6
0,50
7
≤5
4
GOST 3351-74
5
1,5
CAER M87
GOST 3351-74
8,05
1/2
7,80
≥ 6,5; ... ≤ 9,5
Consumer acceptable and Consumer acceptable and no
no strange changes
strange changes
GOST 3351-74
-
Grade
GOST 3351-74
20
Free residual
chlorine
Mg/ dm3
GOST 18190-72
-
Consumer acceptable and Consumer acceptable and no
no strange changes
strange changes
Consumer acceptable and Consumer acceptable and no
no strange changes
strange changes
0,44
0,5
7.
Ammonia and
ammonium ions
Mg/dm3
GOST 4192-82. p. 3.
0,05
< 0,05
0,50
8.
Nitrites
Mg/dm3
GOST 4192-82, p.4.
0,01
< 0,003
0.50
9.
Nitrates
Mg/dm3
GOST 18826-73,
7,4
7,4
50
10.
Total Hardness
German degrees
GOST 4151-72
10,9
10,9
5,0
11.
Chlorides
Mg/dm3
GOST 4245-72
26,1
29,1
250
12.
Iron
Mg/dm3
GOST 4011-2,p.2
0,07
0,05
0,3
13.
Residuum fix
Mg/dm3
GOST18164-72, p.3
302,5
301,5
1500
14.
Sulfates
Mg/dm3
GOST 4389-72
74,7
74,3
500
15.
Fluorine
Mg/dm3
GOST 4316-81
0,17
0,17
1,5
16.
Aluminum
μg/ l
GOST 18165-89
-
<20
200
17.
Arsenium
μg/ l
GOST 4152-81
<5
<5
10
18.
Manganese
μg/ l
GOST 4974-72
<10
<10
50
19.
Copper
Mg/dm3
GOST 4388-72
<0,02
<0,02
1,0
20.
Flocculent stuck
μg/ l
ВПК – 2
-
<10
<10
21.
Coliform bacteria
nr/100 ml
МУК 4.2.1018-01
28
0
0
22.
General microbial
population
NBC/dm3
GOST 18963-73
20
No strange changes
No strange changes
23.
Oxidizable organic
substances
MgO2/dm3
CAER,
Moscow,1987,
p.692.
2,16
1,68
5
pH unit
points
15
 Analysis of results presented in table nr.2 shows that
the water quality indicators after the treatment with
0,8 % sodium hypochlorite solution respects the
norms of State Standard of domain.
 Kinetics of hydrogen sulfide elimination process is
presented in cycles in figure nr.1.
 The efficiency of carbon adsorbent (CAN8+Mn2++Fe3+) was evaluated during 3 cycles,
throughout the elimination process of hydrogen
sulfide by physic- chemical method (aeration –
oxidation -adsorption).
 Thus, it was evaluated during 3 cycles, after about
20-30 minutes of water treatment was registered
total elimination of hydrogen sulfide (fig. 1)
16
17
 It is notable the change of ion concentration of sulfates produced by oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in cycles.
These data are presented in the table
Original
The
concentration of
sulfate ions,
mg/L
CAN-8 + Mn2++ Fe3+ bubbling with air
10
Cycle I
Cycle II
Cycle III
18
16
14
18
 Data presented in fig.1 and table 3 shows that only
the first cycle takes place with maximum efficiency
both in terms of kinetics hydrogen sulfide removal
from water and oxidation process of hydrogen
sulphide to sulphates.
 The catalytic activity of modified carbon decreases
while the number of cycles increases during the
experiment.
 This is because more to the point of the oxidation
process of hydrogen sulfide to sulfates there takes
place the oxidation process of hydrogen sulfide to
sulfur colloid.
 Thus, it makes possible the change of structure
parameters of active carbon saturated with iron and
manganese ions
19
The table nr. 4 presents the original and after 3 cycles CAN-8
+Mn2+ +Fe3+ active carbon structure parameters, which were reached
by nitrogen isotherms adsorption at Autosorb nr.1 plant.
CAN-8 + Mn2+ + Fe3+original
CAN-8 + Mn2+ + Fe3+after 3 cycles
S
specific,
m2/g
V of
pores,
cm3/g
V
micropores,
cm3/g
V
summ.
cm3/g
S
specific,m
2/g
V
pores,
cm3/g
V
micropres,
cm3/g
V
summ.
cm3/g
1001
0,521
0,292
0,594
727
0,358
0,225
0,405
 Data from the Table 4 show that all the structure parameters of
adsorbent (catalyst) is reduced significantly after 3 cycles of use.
 It is important that the volume of micro-pores is reduced that
signifies that perhaps the by the oxidation is still forming colloidal
sulfur.
 The area surface of the adsorbent is reduced after 3 cycles then the
process takes place due to the adsorption of humic acids in studied
water.
 The humic acids cannot be absorbed in micro-pores because of too
20
large size of their molecules.
Conclusions
1. The use of sodium hypochlorite for the technologic processes
of water treatment ensures a good disinfection, according to
the drinkable water norms. The presented technology is
feasible from the economic point of view as well.
2. The effectiveness of adsorbent carbon (CAN-8 + Mn2 + + Fe3
+) in the process of hydrogen sulfide removal, by
physicochemical method (aeration-oxidation - adsorption) was
evaluated in semi-pilot conditions using underground water. It
was proved that after about 20-30 min of the water treatment,
the total elimination of hydrogen sulfide is recorded.
3. The specific surface of active carbons and the volume of
micro-pores during the potabilization process are getting
smaller. This can be explained by the fact that during the
potabilization process of contaminated waters by hydrogen
sulphide and colloid sulphide sulfur the pores of carbonic
adsorbents are blocked.
21
Food industry
Innovative technology for
cultivation of the aromatic-spicy
varieties of species needed for the
production of salt and flavored
food oil
High category seeds of sorghum
with a comestible grain – SORIZ
The approval of high category
seeds for the new varieties of
tomato (Lycopersicon
esculentum Mill.)
Clean technologies for fish cooking
Food industry
Apples drying technology
Keeping the pure horticultural
products in a controlled
atmosphere
Jams of fruit and berries
with a low sugar
component and increased
biological value
Bio-humus production by controlling and
regulating the thermal conditions of the
technological process and its application in
agriculture
Thank you for your attention!
[email protected]
[email protected]
24