Mobile IP in Ad Hoc Networks

Mustafa Ergen, Anuj Puri

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Introduction

• • • • • •

Mobile IP & Ad-Hoc Networks Overview Layer 2 or Layer 3 Throughput Analysis : Multihop Cellular MIPMANET

-on demand routing

MEWLANA-TD

- table driven routing

MEWLANA-RD

–root driven routing (mesh networks) WOW

Motivation

High cost for building a large number of bases Total Throughput limited by the number of cells in the area.

High power consumption of mobile stations having the same transmission range as bases. Small scale ad hoc networks The number of bases or the transmission ranges of both mobile stations can be reduced.

Connections are still allowed without base stations Multiple packets can be simultaneously transmitted within a cell of the c Paths are less vulnerable than the ones in ad hoc networks because the bases can help reduce the wireless hop count.

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HA CH

Mobile IP & Ad-Hoc Networks

Mobile IP

• retain a fixed IP identity while moving.

Internet

Ad-Hoc Network

• communicate without a network infrastructure.

DFA FA MH FA

A B

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Multi Cellular

SCN: Single-hop Cellular Network MCN: Multihop Cellular Network

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SCN & MCN

Dashed Lines- SCN Solid Lines-MCN

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Parameters

Throughput # of successful transmissi on



between successive " renewal points" length of the time interval between " renewal points." Renewal Point



time point where the channel idle.

all stations sense

rn

_

cycle



l DIFS



P s

 * 

t

_

idle l SIFS



l



l RTS



PKT



r



r l



l SIFS



SIFS l



l CTS



ACK



r



r

Hop by Hop Throughput



# successful packet in a cell per second transmissi on End to End Throughput



# successful packet receptions per second in a cell.

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Single-hop Cellular Network



i



j i



N

  1 

ij

,

j

 

io G s



i N

  1 

i G bs



i N

  1 

oi



i N

  1

i

 1 ,

N



j



i



ij t

_

idle



G s

1 

G bs

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Agent Discovery

Beacon: Agent Advertisement Message (modified ICMP)

•Domain specific info: DNS, CoA, hop count, source address.

•FA and MN duplicates the beacon : hop count ++ •Hop count is to limit the serviced nodes.

•MN`s new access point = CoA •MN`s default gateway = source address.

•Normal MIP: 1 hop broadcast •Ad-Hoc MIP: Multihop broadcast, Flooding.

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After FA Discovery

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Registration

• Normal Mobile IP Registration •Registration Request: MN4 •Registration Reply: HA MN3 FA MN2 MN1 MN1 MN2 FA MN3 HA MN4 • Registration Request can get lost: MN & HA not registered.

• Registration Reply can get lost: MN not registered but HA.

• Periodic registration update.

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Tunneling

•

Tunneling from HA to FA.

Ethernet Header FA addr. HA addr.

MN addr. CH addr. Packet •

Decapsulating in FA.

MN addr. CH addr. Packet •

Sending from FA to MN.

Ethernet Header MN addr. CH addr. Packet

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Hop Count

• Lifetime of agent advertisement = X hop count • Change access point by considering hop count.

FA1 FA2 C E A B F D

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Conclusion

Connect ad-hoc network to fixed network.

Advantages;  scalable for ad-hoc networks.

 almost transparent solution.

 extends cell coverage.

Disadvantages;  extra beaconing, flooding.

 disturbance of other MNs.

Future Work;  WTRP can be used as a MAC protocol to avoid these disadvantages.

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OVERHEAD

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MIPMANET

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MEWLANA-TD

HA CH Internet Registration Data Packets via HA Route Optimization FA Domain FA MN1 Ad hoc Domain MN2 Ad hoc Domain FA FA Domain Fig. 1b: Multi-ad hoc domain attachment MN1 FA MN1 MN2 Ad hoc Domain FA2 MN3 MN2 Ad hoc Domain MN4 Fig. 1a: Network Architecture Fig. 1c: Multi FA domain attachment

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MEWLANA-TD

MN1 MN2 MN3 MN4 Destination Next Hop MN2 MN2 MN3 MN4 MN2 MN2 FA * MN1 FA FA MN1 MN3 MN4 FA * MN4 MN2 MN1 FA * MN3 MN2 MN1 FA * MN3 MN3 MN1 MN1 MN4 MN2 MN2 MN2 MN2 MN3 MN3 MN3 MN3 MN3 Table 1 : Routing Tables

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MEWLANA-RD

Internet FA

MN2

dst nexth.

(1) * MN1 (2) MN1 MN1 (2) MN4 MN4 (2) MN5 MN5 DLN=1 MN1 MN2 DLN=2

MN1

dst nexth.

(1) * FA (1) FA FA (2) MN2 MN2 (2) MN4 MN2 (2) MN5 MN2 (2) MN3 MN3 (2) MN6 MN3 MN3 DLN=2

MN3

dst nexth.

(1) * MN1 (1) MN1 MN1 (2) MN6 MN6

MN4

dst nexth.

(1) * MN2 (1) MN2 MN2 MN4 DLN=3 MN5

MN5

dst nexth.

(1) * MN2 (1) MN2 MN2 DLN=3 (1) Beacon (2) Reg. Request Fig 2. Routing Table Formation in TBBR MN6 DLN=3

MN6

dst nexth.

(1) * MN3 (1) MN3 MN3

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MEWLANA-RD

Ethernet Header Source IP Address Destination IP Address UDP Header Type| Service Bits| Life Time Home Address Home Agent Care of Address Identification Extensions Fig. 3. Multi-Hop Registration Request Format

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Classification

Ad Hoc network size IV Large

M EWL A N A -RD M IPM A NET

III

MEWL ANA -TD

Small I II Low High Fig. 4 Classification of Ad hoc environment Intensity level of Inside traffic

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