Transcript ACRONYM Spell Out Full Name

Fixed Vertical Coordinates
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•
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POM
SWAFS
POP
NCOM
Lagrangian Vertical Coordinate
• NLOM
Hybrid Vertical Coordinate
• HYCOM
SWAFS
Shallow Water Analysis and Forecast System
Primary contacts: Charlie Horton (NAVO)
SWAFS was developed in house at NAVO.
“SWAFS is an ocean forecasting system
which has undergone continual development
and expanding use since 1990 when a version
of POM was applied to the Persian Gulf.”
(Horton and Clifford, 2001)
SWAFS
No informational web site
“A version of POM driven by near-real-time
meteorological fields remains at the core of
SWAFS, but the system today includes a data
assimilation scheme using connections to data
bases for in situ observations, ocean surface
temperature measurements from satellites, and
synthetic temperature/salinity profiles inferred
from altimetry” (Horton and Clifford, 2001).
It includes vertically and horizontally varying
temperature and salinity, and has wind,
thermohaline, and tidal forcing.
Domain
• There are provisions for one-way nesting of
smaller, higher resolution domains within larger,
coarser resolution domains.
• In April 2001, there were 5 host domains: Red Sea,
Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, North Pacific, and
North World.
• 10 other domains were nested within these,
including Adriatic Sea and Arabian Sea
• As of July 2002, there are NAVO products for 24
regions, but it is hard to tell which are host
domains, which are nested domains, and which are
regions cut out from a host or nested domain for
display purposes.
Spatial Resolution
• Rectilinear grid with uniform spacing over the domain is
used.
• Largest domains (North World and North Pacific) use
0.27  x 0.21.
• Other host domains vary from 10 km (Mediterranean) to
5 km (Baltic)
• Nested domains vary from ~ 1 to 10 km resolution.
• Red Sea, for example, uses 7 km resolution along the axis
of the Sea, and 6 km across (Clifford et al. 1997)
• In many cases, the horizontal spatial resolution is listed in
the pop-up Product Info.
• Number of  levels varies by domain from 15 to 24.
• Red Sea uses 22 levels, more closely spaced near the
surface.
Location: Central Med
Type: SWAFS
Description: Albania 00-48 hrs fcst Surface Current Series (U)
POC: NAVO - SWAFS Library Custodian
COMM: 228-688-5176 DSN: 828-5176 or E-mail Us
Update Cycle: 24 hour(s) Typical File Size: 26(K)
Level-of-Confidence: This product has been validated and is recommended for support unless otherwise stated.
Current File Statistics:
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Last Update: 19-Jul-15:06 CDT (U)
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Additional Information:
i.Initial Posting on Tue Jul 3 11:05:27 2001 (CST) (U)
ii.Numerical model resolution is 3.3 x 2.5 km. All vectors are
plotted. (U)
Boundary Conditions
• Initially run in enclosed, or nearly enclosed, basins,
although current domains include more open areas.
• Radiation condition for V and outflow T and S at
open boundaries for most domains.
• Climatological or data assimilation may be used to
specify T and S of inflow at open boundaries.
• At the Strait at Bab al Mandab at the south end of the
Red Sea, time-varying thermohaline- and wind-driven
inflow/outflow are allowed, but long-term draining or
filling of the basin is prevented. (Clifford et al. 1997)
• Velocity profiles at Gibraltar and Dardenelles straits
are specified and held constant for Mediterranean.
(Horton et al. 1997)
Bathymetry
• DBDB1, DBDB2, DBDB5, DBDBV, or a
mixture of these, depending on domain
• In some cases, as in Red Sea, bathymetry
has been smoothed to limit pressure
gradient errors from steep bottom slopes.
(Clifford et al. 1997)
Forcing
• Climatological rainfall and river input
• Large domains use NOGAPS winds and
heat flux
• Small domains use
– Wind stress from COAMPSTM
– Surface heat flux computed within SWAFS
– Evaporation based on COAMPSTM and MCSST
• Red Sea uses Littoral Atmospheric
Boundary Layer Model (part of SWAFS) for
winds and heat flux
The information presented in this slide could not be confirmed.
Tidal Forcing
• At open boundaries:
– Tidal heights specified from published co-tidal
charts (used for Arabian Gulf, Red Sea, and
Mediterranean Sea).
– Tidal heights and currents from a host domain.
• Astronomical tide generating forces applied as a
body force. Included only for large domains.
• Tidal elevations from Kantha’s (Univ. of
Colorado) global tidal model nudged in over the
domain.
(http://www.ssc.erc.msstate.edu/Tides2D)
Initialization
• No information available, appears to
havebeen run continuously in some domains
(Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Mediterranean Sea,
Baltic Sea) for many years.
Data Assimilation
• Remotely sensed SST
• In situ T and S profile data is assimilated on
15 constant depth surfaces, the deepest of
which is 600 m
• MODAS synthetic profiles assimilated along
altimeter tracks only
• PALACE floats
• Data are assimilated at daily intervals.
• Data are optimally interpolated to the grid
and then “nudged” in over a 3 hr period.
(Horton et al. 1994)
Implementation
• “Under the fault-tolerant control of a sequence of
10 scripts making the dissemination of products
extremely automated. More recently the modeling
system has been ported to massively scalable
computers using the message passing interface
(MPI).” (Horton and Clifford 2001)
• Run at MSRC. Different domains run on different
computers.
Output
• Forecasts are generally done for 48 hrs.
• Model velocity fields are output in
graphical format at 3-12 hr intervals,
depending on the domain.
• Surface currents are displayed for all
domains, subsurface currents at various
depth levels are displayed for some
domains.
• .cur files for input for GNOME – presently
only available for the Arabian Gulf
• Example from run in Mediterranean (with
exchange through Straits of Gibraltar and the
Dardanelles prescribed) with 10 km spatial
resolution.
• Updates once per day.
• 27 km COAMPSTM winds, surface heat flux,
and tidal forcing.
SWAFS
SWAFS
Baltic Sea
Numerical model
resolution is 5 km.
Every 6th vector is
plotted.
Location: Central Med
Type: SWAFS
Description: Albania 00-48 hrs fcst
Surface Current Series (U)
POC: NAVO - SWAFS Library Custodian
COMM: 228-688-5176 DSN: 828-5176 or
E-mail Us
Update Cycle: 24 hour(s) Typical File Size:
26(K)
Level-of-Confidence: This product has been
validated and is recommended for support unless
otherwise stated.
Current File Statistics:
i.0000albhrb32000.gif Size: 41 (Kbytes)
Last Update: 19-Jul-15:06 CDT (U)
etc.
Additional Information:
i.Initial Posting on Tue Jul 3
11:05:27 2001 (CST) (U)
ii.Numerical model resolution is
3.3 x 2.5 km. All vectors are plotted. (U)
Location: Adriatic Sea
Type: SWAFS
Description: Slovenia 00-48 hrs
fcst Bottom Currents Series (U)
POC: NAVO - SWAFS Library
Custodian
COMM: 228-688-5176 DSN: 8285176 or E-mail Us
Update Cycle: 24 hour(s) Typical File
Size: 50(K)
Level-of-Confidence: This product has
been validated and is recommended for
support unless otherwise stated.
Current File Statistics:
i.0000slovb32999.gif Size: 25
(Kbytes) Last Update: 19-Jul-15:06 CDT
(U)
Additional Information:
i.Initial Posting on Thu Jul 19
17:45:42 2001 (CST) (U)
ii.All model vectors are
plotted. (U)
Location: Adriatic Sea
Type: SWAFS
Description: Adriatic Sea Tau 00-24
Surface Series (U)
POC: NAVO - SWAFS Library Custodian
COMM: 228-688-5176 DSN: 828-5176 or Email Us
Update Cycle: 24 hour(s) Typical File Size:
25(K)
Level-of-Confidence: This product has been
validated and is recommended for support unless
otherwise stated.
Current File Statistics:
i.0000adb32000.gif Size: 67 (Kbytes) Last
Update: 19-Jul-15:06 CDT (U)
etc.
There is no additional information with this
product
Persian Gulf Drift Modeling
Click anywhere in
the image to view
the movie of the
swafs currents
(quicktime file)
References
Horton, C., and M. Clifford, The Shallow Water
Analysis and Forecast System (SWAFS) at the (US)
Naval Oceanographic Office, in BOOS Workshop on
Monitoring and Predicting Water Level and Coastal
Circulation, Estonian Marine Institute, Tallinn, 2001.
Clifford, M., C. Horton, and J. Schmitz, An
oceanographic nowcast/forecast system for the Red
Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 102 (C11), 25101-25122, 1997.
Horton, C., M. Clifford, and J. Schmitz, A real-time
oceanographic nowcast/forecast system for the
Mediterranean Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 102 (C11),
25123-25156, 1997.