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MACHINE PARTS Flank Angle Pitch Crest Root NOMENCLATURE OF THREADS out side diameter Root / Core dia Nominal diameter Lead EXTERNAL THREAD INTERNAL THREAD TYPES OF THREADS T P d 90 T= d = 0.5P SQUARE THREAD TYPES OF THREADS 55° d D d/6 P D=0.96P d=0.64P WHITWORTH THREAD TYPES OF THREADS T d 29° p T=0.3707p d= 0.5p + 0.25 mm ACME THREAD d/8 TYPES OF THREADS P d/8 45° D=P d = 0.75P BUTTRESS THREAD D d F TYPES OF THREADS P D R R=0.25P D=0.5P KNUCKLE THREAD 48 24 52 40 20 3 100 24 w HEXAGONAL HEADED BOLT WITH HEXAGONAL NUT AND WASHER RIVETED JOINTS Rivets are used to fasten permanently two or more plates or pieces of metal .Joints made with rivets are called riveted joints. They are commonly used in ship building and for the Construction of steel buildings ,bridges ,boilers ,tanks, etc. Plates joined together by means of a riveted joint cannot be disconnected without Chipping –off rivet heads from one side of the joint Types of riveted joints Lap joint:- In a lap joint the plates to be connected over lap each other Butt joint:- In a butt joint edges of the plates to be connected butt against each other and the joint between them is covered by butt –plates 1.5d Pr d t t 1.5d t Pr 1.5d P P 1.5d A L Double riveted lap joint A A A Double riveted (zig zag) lap joint 1.5d 1.5d P L A A Single riveted butt joint FOUNDATION BOLTS These bolts are used for fixing machines to their foundations. Simple forms of these bolts can quickly forged from mild steel or wrought iron bar .These bolts are suspended in hole and cement grout is then poured to fill up the space around them EYE FOUNDATION BOLT D 120 RAG FOUNDATION BOLT 48 72 24 ø24 105 16 36 LEWIS FOUNDATION BOLT 2D 2D 1.5D 0.4D 0.8D LIFTING EYE-BOLT D 2D 2D EYE BOLT TYPES OF NUTS 0.25D D D 2.2D Flanged nut D 0.25D 0.5D 1.5D+3 D Cap nut 0.5D D D Dome nut 1.8D D Capstan nut 1.8D D 1.5D Ring nut Wing nut PREVENTION OF ROTATION OF BOLTS 0.8D 0.8D 0.8D T-headed bolt 0.8D Counter sunk headed bolt 0.8D Hook bolt 0.8D Cup headed bolt Cup headed bolt Square headed bolt Cheese headed bolt LOCKING ARRANGEMENT FOR NUTS SPLIT-PIN 0.6D D D LOCK NUT OR CHECK NUT NUT BOLT WITH SPRING WASHER CASTLE NUT WITH A SPLIT PIN SLOTTED NUT WITH A SPLIT PIN COTTER JOINT KNUCKLE JOINT FLANGE COUPLING PROTECTIVE FLANGE COUPLING FOOT STEP BEARING BUSHED BEARING PLUMMER BLOCK PREVENTING ROTATION OF BRASSES By making a step rectangular on the one outside and fitting inside a corresponding hole PREVENTING ROTATION OF BRASSES SNUGS By snugs at the side PREVENTING ROTATION OF BRASSES SNUGS By snugs at the top fitting inside the cap. the oil hole is drilled inside a corresponding hole. PREVENTING ROTATION OF BRASSES by making the step octagonal on the outside and fitting inside a corresponding hole.