Transcript Chapter 7 nationalism and sectionalism

CHAPTER 7
NATIONALISM AND
SECTIONALISM
Section 1: Industry
and Transportation
OBJECTIVES
Summarize the key developments in the
transportation revolution of the early 1800s
Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in
the early 1800s
Describe some of the leading inventions and
industrial developments in the early 1800s
TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
New methods of transportation and
manufacturing goods changed the way
people lived and worked
 US set on a course of industrialization
TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
 Original 13 states along Atlantic coast
 Major settlements along harbors/rivers
 Easier to transportation
 19th century
 Transportation carts, wagons, sleighs, stagecoaches pulled by horses or oxen on
dirt roads
IMPROVING THE ROADS
 Turnpikes
 Roads for which users had to pay a toll
 Toll income meant to be used to pay for new roads
 Very few turnpikes actually made money
 Most failed to lower transportation costs or increase the speed of travel
 National Road
 Country’s lone decent route made of crushed rock
 Extended from Maryland to the Ohio River in 1818
STEAMBOAT GOES COMMERCIAL
 Steamboat
 1st major major advancement in transportation
 Robert Fulton, the Clermont
 Steamboat made travel easier to travel upstream against a current
 Used to take 4 months to travel 1,440 miles from New Orleans to Louisville, KY along MS
and OH Rivers  steamboat made it in 20 days (1820)  6 days (1838)
 Revolutionized transatlantic travel
 1850, steamship crossed Atlantic in 10-14 days, compared to 25-50 days for a sailing
ship
CANALS BOOM
 Canals
 2nd transportation advance of the early 1800s
 Nations canal network grew from 100 miles in 1816 to 3,300 miles in 1840
 Provided efficient water transportation that linked farms to the expanding
cities
 Eerie Canal
 Best known canal of the era
 Completed in 1825
 Ran 363 miles across NY state from Lake Eerie to the Hudson River
 Before the canal it could cost $100 to ship a ton of freight overland from the
Buffalo City to NYC
 The canal lowered that cost to $4
 Eerie Canal helped make NYC the nation’s greatest commercial center
 City grew
 Canal also enhanced the value of farmland in the Great Lakes Region
RAILROADS FURTHER EASE TRANSPORT
Railroads
 Most dramatic advance in the 1800s
 Technology mostly developed in Great
Britain
 Used horses first, then developed steam
powered engines
 Cost less to build than canals and could
scale hills easier
 Trains moved faster than ships and
carried more weight
 Ex. a journey from NYC to Detroit, MI took
28 days by boat in 1800, but in 1857 the
same trip took 2 days by train
CHECKPOINT
 What were the major developments in transportation between 1800
and 1860
WRITE IT DOWN IN YOUR NOTES
HOMEWORK
For homework, students will make a chart
titled “Transportation and Industry” and they
will list the causes and effects of each new
transportation improvement from 18001860.
TECHNOLOGY SPARKS INDUSTRIAL
GROWTH
Industrial Revolution
 Began in Great Britain in 1700s
 Machines that were powered by
steam or flowing rivers to
perform work originally done by
hand
Slater
 Samuel Slater, skilled worker
built nation’s 1st water-powered
textile mill in 1793 in Pawtucket,
RI
 “Father of the Industrial
Revolution”
 Later built more factories
family system
MASSACHUSETTS INDUSTRY
Francis Cabot Lowell
 1811, toured England’s factory towns
 After tour, he was able to organize a company Boston
Associates
 1813, Associates built their first mill in Waltham, MA (cloth
manufacturer)
 1820s, built more factories on Merrimac River and established a
new town called Lowell
 “Lowell girls”
 Young, unmarried girls recruited from neighboring farms
 After a few years, mist of the young girls left, got married, and
had kids
FACTORY WORK CHANGES LIVES
Machines increased the speed of work and divided
labor into many small tasks done by separate
workers
 Process reduced the amount of skill needed and training required
 Factory owners can save money
 Machines only make cloth or thread as opposed to final product
 Checkpoint:
 What changes occurred in the United States with the rise of industry
in the early 1800s
 Increased the speed and volume of the production of goods such
as cloth and shoes. It also reduced the amount of skill and training
needed for workers who made those goods. Factories in cities
grew because of the rise in industry.
INVENTIONS TRANSFORM INDUSTRY &
AGRICULTURE
 Interchangeable parts
 Helped make factories more efficient
 Eli Whitney introduced the idea
 Stop assembling weapons one at a time manufacture each individual part
 Innovation quickens communication
 1837, Samuel F.B. Morse invented the electric telegraph allowed electrical
pulses to travel long distances along metal wires as coded signals
 MORSE CODE
 Agriculture
 Remained the largest industry despite new innovations
 Only helped farms become more productive and being able to raise larger crops
 1815, sold only 1/3 of harvest
 1840, steel plow by John Deere and mechanical reaper by Cyrus McCormick
 1860, the previous share doubled (partly because of greater fertility of Midwest
soil)
QUESTION
What were the key inventions between
1820 and 1860?
 The system of interchangeable parts, the sewing
machine, the telegraph, the plow, and the reaper