Transcript Document

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
Facets, Search, and Discovery
in Next Generation Catalogs
Kathryn La Barre
ISKO 2010, Rome
Support for this project
OCLC/ALISE LISRGP
Project report: Folktales and Facets: Final report to OCLC/ALISE
IDEALS: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/14887
Graduate School of Library and Information Science
CIRSS
Center for Children’s Books
Earlier version of this paper given at NASKO 2009
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Heritage
There are two types of ‘width of knowledge.’ One is knowing as
much as possible of what is going on now. The other is
knowing how we got to where we are – what is the heritage of
ideas and practice on which we may draw.
Vickery, B. C. (2004). A long search for information (Occasional Papers, No.
213). Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois
at Urbana Champaign.
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Three groups:
Library Research Circle (India) 1951
Classification Research Group (UK) 1952
Classification Research Study Group (North America) 1959
As far as general libraries are concerned, classificatory research in the USA has
taken a less spectacular form (than in Great Britain).
Yet it is interesting to note that a [USA] Classification Research Group was
set up … in 1959; possibly there will be a slow recognition of the value and
techniques of facet and phase analysis.”
Sayers, W.C.B. (1967). A manual of classification for librarians. 4th ed. London:
Deutsch. p. 375.
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Ranganathan’s tours in North America
1950: SLA / ALA Golden Jubilee / GLS Conference
Bibliographic Organization
1958: American Documentation, Guest lecturer Chicago, ICSI,
Western Reserve - Center for Documentation and
Communication Research
1963-1964: Visit University of Pittsburgh. / Rutgers
Seminar on the Colon Classification
1970 Margaret Mann Citation in Cataloging and Classification
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Heritage facet work (North America)
1961- 1963 American Institute of Physics:
Documentation Research Project
AUDACIOUS (UDC for IR) -- Atherton Cochrane/ Freeman
1965 Western Reserve University (CDCR)
Semantic code: factoring procedure for IR (influenced by CC)
-- Melton/ Kent/ Perry
1965 American Meteorological Society.
Mechanization of UDC for retrieval -- Freeman/ Rigby
1966 American Petroleum Institute (API) faceted controlled vocabulary
1967 American Institute of Physics (AIP) faceted classification
1969 Library and Information Science Abstracts faceted indexing
scheme for domain (created by CRG in 1963)
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Facet exemplars
AIP (1961-1965)
LISA (1969)
Property
Object
Method
API (1966)
Property
Material
Operation
System
Material
Operation
Place
Time
Place
Common Subdivision
Living organism
Process
Equipment
Emphasis
Type of work
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Citations 1970-1980s
Scattered but steady:
James D. Anderson,
Pauline Atherton Cochrane,
Timothy Craven,
Eugene Garfield,
Jean Perrault,
Phyllis Richmond.
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Contemporary applications?
Rosenfeld and Morville’s (2002) Information Architecture for the
World Wide Web.
Facet analysis in section 5.3.4 of the ANSI/NISO Z39.19-(2005)
Guide to the Construction Management and Format of
Controlled Vocabularies.
NCSU Endeca / faceted browsing and navigation
Flamenco - Marti Hearst
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“Low-hanging fruit”?
Hearst (2008)
“facets refer to categories used to characterize information
items in a collection.”
Reamy (2009)
“facets are often derived by analysis of the text of an item using
entity extraction techniques or from pre-existing fields in the
database such as author, descriptor, language, and format.
This approach permits existing web-pages, product
descriptions or articles to have this extra metadata extracted
and presented as a navigation facet”
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Strengths of facet analysis
Theory drawn from practice
Foregrounding
domain interests
information seeking strategies
tasks
domain vocabulary
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General site “facets” in use (2008 La Barre)
Library
[10]
Reference [9]
Museum [8]
Business [3]
Shopping [3]
Society
[3]
Topic/ subject
Location
Author
Date/year
Country/region
Content
When
Category
Brand
Price
Title
Genre
Keyword
Who
Format
Language
Type
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Michèle Hudon, Université de Montréal
Virtual library of education
resources
Literature review (information
seeking needs)
FACETS:
Agent (who?),
Activity or process (what?),
Method or tool (how?),
Space or context (where?),
Time (when?), and
foundations (general documents)
Classification of resources DDC/
Educator’s Reference Desk
Assign descriptors ÉDUthès :
Thésaurus de l’éducation.
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‘Facets” in OPACs? 12-2009
200 (stratified random sample)
Facets in use:
Aquabrowser (1523) PUBLIC
Koha (844) PUBLIC
SirsiDynix Enterprise (97)
PUBLIC
Primo (62) ACADEMIC
VuFind (22) ACADEMIC
Endeca (17) ACADEMIC
[6] Subject/topic
[5] Date of pub., author
[4] Format, location, genre
[3] Language, Availability, Series
[2] Call number,Time(S), Place (S)
Lib-web-cats (Breeding)
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La Barre and Tilley
Folktales and Facets
Task analysis
Facet analysis
Interviews: 4 scholars
(Follow on with
students, storytellers,
teachers)
Sample of books
Bibliographic records
Extant access tools
Folklore literature
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/ FACET ANALYSIS
Agent (by origin) (by mode) (by role) (by occupation)
(by function)
Relation (language) (award) (review) (by origin) (by form) (by function)
(by level) (by aggregation)
Place (by origin) (of setting) (of publication) (of item)
Time (by origin) (of setting) (of publication)
Elements (type) (motif) (character) (theme) (illustration)
Documentation (bibliography)(index) (note) (acknowledgment) (table
of contents)
Performance (aspects) (strategies) (values) (interpretation) (role)
(function)
Transmission (aspects) (strategies) (reception) (values) (function)
(role)
Viewpoint (?)
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AFS ETHNOGRAPHIC THESAURUS
A General ethnographic concepts.
B Belief and worldview
C Ritual-belief manifest
D Health
E Migration and Settlement
F Human Dynamics
G Law and Governance
H Education
I Entertainment
J Art
K Language
L Verbal Arts and Literature
M Music
N Dance
P Material Culture
Q Foodways
R Work
S Performance
T Transmission
U Beings
V Space and Place
W Time
X Disciplines- Fields of study.
Y Research, Theory, and
Methodology
Z Documentation
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Prototype Record
Agent MARC 245/700
Relation MARC 510, 586, 76X-78X, [RDA linking]
Place MARC 260, 751 [of setting]
Time MARC 260 [of setting]
Elements MARC 6XX (type) (motif)
Documentation (MARC 5XX) (note) (acknowledgment)
Performance (aspects) (strategies) (values)
(interpretation) (role) (function)
Transmission (aspects) (strategies) (reception)
(values) (function) (role) (restrictions)
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Next steps
Koha instantiation (1500 records)
Integration of AFS Thesaurus
Topic Map of LCSH/Ethnographic thesaurus
(>Berman headings)
Librarything for Libraries / Tags
FRBR in Koha
Ideal record structure > reflecting tasks
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Thank you!
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High level categories
Ranganathan Shera/Egan
Prieto-Diaz
Aitchison
Aristotle
>Personality
>Matter
>Energy
>Space
>Time
>Function
>Objects
>Medium
>Systemtype
>Functional
area
>Setting
>Entities, things,
objects
>Kinds or types/
systems and
assemblies
>Actions and
activities
>Applications
and purposes
>Space, place,
location and
environment
>Time
>Substance
>Quality
>Quantity
>Relation
>Place
>Time
>Position
>State
>Action
>Affection
>Product
>Agent
>Tools
>Act
>Object of
action
>Space
>Time
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Facet analytical approach:
Proper and rigorous practice of facet analysis by observing the
rules of logical division. (Broughton, 2001, p. 67; Mills, 2004,
p. 268).
(1)one characteristic of division is applied at a time [conceptual analysis]
(2) division steps should be logical and proximate
(3)division should be exhaustive (Mills, 2004, pp. 551).
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Planes of work
Idea: The work of FA takes place in the Idea
plane, where an entity is analyzed into
component parts
Verbal: FA continues here as further sorting
and transformation of the selected
categories/facets or terms occur.
Notational: work of FC -- translating selected
terms into notation.
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Facet Analysis (FA)
Faceted classification (FC)
FA - (analytical technique)
• Listing of characteristics of the entities in a universe (exhaustive, mutually exclusive)
FC - (synthetic structure)
• Division of entities in a universe (by one characteristic at a time) FC – (structure of
synthesis)
• Synthesis – combine relevant facets:
Schedule of terms for description
Assignment of notation
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Background FA/FC
Universal Decimal Classification
• Otlet, La Fontaine -Documentalists
• 1904-1907 – scheme published
Bliss Bibiliographic Classification
• Henry Evelyn Bliss
• 1908 (practice) 1923-1933 (theory)
Colon Classification
• S. R. Ranganathan,
• 1933 (practice) 1937-1967 (theory)
(La Barre, 2000, 2003)
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More FA / steps
Identify domain / entities
Mapping the scope
• (Context) Examine the domain
• (Content) Survey the literature
• (Users) Who? Information needs?
Label/ sort
• Begin analysis with a list of “standard categories” (provisional guide)
PMEST/ Who/ Where/ How/ What/ When
• Result: set of homogeneous mutually exclusive groups (facets)
• Formulate every distinctive logical category and possible relation
Cluster /order
• In-depth analysis of categories
• Cluster terms/ objects into arrays or groups which share a common
characteristic
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Average number of facets
Reference (5)
Business (18)
Shopping (20)
Society (7)
Library
(6)
Search
Browse
(1) 9
(12) 3.5
(13) 3.5
(5) 3
(6) 10
(5) 1.6
(7) 4.4
(10) 3.4
(2) 3
(6) 5.8
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Facets in use
topic/subject 28
category
21
form(at)
19
location
17
brand
13
language
11
author
10
price
10
type
9
country/region 7
title
class number
date/year
genre
library
content
keyword
what
who
7
6
6
6
6
5
4
4
4
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