Transcript Immigrants and Migrants

Immigrants and
Migrants
“We are American history.”
A Slight Paraphrasing of Oscar Handlin
A Presentation by John J. Grabowski, Ph.D.
Case Western Reserve University, Western Reserve Historical Society
TAH Workshop, Akron, OH November 2009
What, Who are We Talking About?
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Immigrants and Immigration
Migrants and Migration
Emigrants and Emigration
Ravenstein’s Laws – Why Do
People Move?
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Push Factors
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Usually Negative
Pull Factors
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Often Positive
Work = Money = Individual
Freedom
Looking to the Land
Looking to the Land -- Sugarcreek
Work
Work & War
More Work!
Ravenstein Continued – How Do
People Move?
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Technologies of Knowing When and Where
to Move
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Technologies of Moving
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Technologies of Cultural Retention
Transportation Technology Slide 1
Who Are the “typical” Migrants and
Immigrants?
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What are the typical ages?
What are the typical genders?
What are the typical social levels?
Single or Married???
What are the typical occupations?
The Nation of Immigrants–
A Quick Overview of
Immigration Periods in
American History
Colonial Migration– ca. 1607-1790
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England
Ireland – Scots Irish
Scotland
Wales
German states and principalities
France and Haiti
Scotland
Sweden
Netherlands
Africa
The “Old” Immigration, ca. 18201880
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Ireland
England, Wales
The German States and Principalities
Scandinavia
China
From within the United States
East Liverpool – The Invisible
Immigrants
The “New” Immigration, ca. 18801921
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Southern Europe – Italy, Greece, etc.
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Central Europe – Austria Hungary
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Eastern Europe – Russia
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Asia – China (to 1882), Japan, Korea,
Ottoman Empire
Italy or Sicily?
From Eastern and Central Europe
The Era of Restriction – 1921-1965
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Internal US – American South, Puerto Rico
Europe – Post WWII “Displaced Persons”
Mexico
Refugees from Communism – Cuba,
Hungary
Middle East
The “New” New Immigration – 1965
to the present
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Initially from Europe
Then predominantly from:
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Asia
Mexico, South America
The Middle East
Who Do We Find in the Asia Plaza?
Immigration Policy – Dates to
Remember
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1882 Chinese Exclusion Act
1882 Federal Control of Immigration
1891 Polygamists, Loathsome or dangerous
contagious diseases
1892 Ellis Island
1903 Anarchists, Saboteurs, Epileptics, and
Professional Beggars
1906 Immigration and Naturalization Service
1907 Gentlemen’s Agreement
1917 Literacy Act and the Pacific Barred Zone
Immigration Policy – Dates to
Remember, Part 2
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1921 Emergency Quota Act
1924 Quota Act (National Origins)
1947, 1952 Refugee, Displaced Person laws.
1952 Walter-McCarren Act
1965 Immigration and Nationality Act of
1965.
1986 Immigration and Control Act
1990 Immigration Act – Diversity Lottery
Citizenship
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Naturalization
Federal and State Differences
Federal Standards for Residency
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1790 – two years
1795– five years (Federalists)
1798– fourteen years
1801 – five years
Citizenship– The Right to “be”
American (slide 1)
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1790 – Free White Males
1857– Dred Scott Decision
1866 – Civil Rights Act – All born in US, except Indians,
can become citizens
1870 – African Descent
1887 – Dawes Act – Acculturated Indians
1906 – Aliens, Ineligible to Become Citizens
1907 – Women who marry Ineligible Aliens forfeit their
citizenship
1922 -- Cable Act – Independent Citizenship for married
women.
1924 – All Native Americans are Citizens
Citizenship– The Right to “be”
American (slide 2)
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1943 – Chinese can enter and also can
become citizens
1946– East Indians and Filipinos can
become citizens
1952—All are eligible for citizenship
What Happens to
Immigrants and
Migrants?
Do They Become American?
Or, Does America Change
Because of Them?
Words
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Americanization
Assimilation
Acculturation
Anglo-Conformity
The Melting Pot
Cultural Pluralism/salad bowl, mosaic, etc.
Acculturation
Acculturation
St. Charles, Missouri – Sprechen
sie Deutsch?
Religion as Culture and Community
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A Center for Belief
A Center for
Organization
A Center for
Education
Assurance of
Continuity
German-Italian Cultural Retention
Choice or Ghetto?
Ghetto or Choice?
Non-coercive Americanization
Non-Coercive Americanization for
the Football Fans in the Audience
Assimilation – Truth, Justice and the
American Way Courtesy of Mr. Siegel and
Mr. Schuster
Time Out! For Myths
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Everyone came for freedom – wrong
Everyone came to stay – wrong
The Statue of Liberty is all about immigration –
wrong
We are a nation of immigrants – technically
wrong
We were and are “the” destination –
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Well, what about Turks in Germany
Who settled Chile?
Where did Ghandi first practice law?
Suggested reading – Cultures in Contact by Hoerder
Getting Your Students to
See Immigration and
Migration
A Short Tour and Some Other
Ideas
Seeing and Reading
Communities
Language and Architecture as
Cultural Landmarks
Getting Students Hungry
for Immigration
Understanding By Eating
The Columbian Exchange
Is this American Food???
Perhaps the Beginning of Pasta
Mania
Mexican or Tex Mex?
A Final Student Lesson
We are (as Americans) what we
speak.
Seeing Migration in Words
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OK
Wiener
Spiel
Chutzpah
Bungalow
Fajita
Lager
Kosher
Polish Boy
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Marietta
Ravenna
Toledo
Parma
Columbus
East Liverpool
Cuyahoga
Your Name is??
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Singh
Flores
Weinstein
Stefanik
Mohammed
Brown
Veronesi
Covalevski
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Cartwright
O’Malley
Huffman
Ziegler
Beaumont
Thunderwater
Bohinc
Martinez
Say It In American – Should we
Celebrate or Lament?
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John Connor: No, no, no, no. You gotta listen to the way people
talk. You don't say "affirmative," or some shit like that. You say "no
problemo." And if someone comes on to you with an attitude you
say "eat me." And if you want to shine them on it's "hasta la vista,
baby.“
The Terminator: Hasta la vista, baby.
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John Connor: Yeah but later, dickwad. And if someone gets upset
you say, "chill out"! Or you can do combinations.
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The Terminator: Chill out, dickwad.
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John Connor: Great! See, you're getting it!
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The Terminator: No problemo.
The Heritage Factor – Talk to
Grandma