Transcript Chapter 9
Chapter 9
Footings, Foundations, and Concrete
Staking Out?
Use plot plan to stake out location of the house on the lot.
Layout corners – 3-4-5 (9-12-15)method – Batter boards – Control point (usually highest point)
Excavation
Bulldozer or tractor with blade is used to remove topsoil, for fill later.
Trencher or backhoe used for excavating earth.
Footings should extend down a minimum of 6” below the average minimum frost depth and 6” into undisturbed soil. (Local code) Plan for settling.
Footing Shapes
Increase the supporting capacity of the foundation wall by spreading the load over a larger area.
Footing Shapes and Sizes
Foundation Walls
Extends from the first floor to the footing Basement wall or crawlspace T-Foundation Slab Foundation Pier/Post Foundation (see page 165)
Terminology
Drain Tile (4” perforated (weep) tile) Pilasters Beam Pocket Gravel Fill Sand Cushion (between poured floor and footing) Vapor Barrier Live Loads – fixed or moving weight not part of structure Dead Loads – Fixed weights of the structure.
Beams and Girders
Used to cover large spans, where wood would not be sufficient S-Beam (I - beam) and Wide flange beam Lintels – horizontal support over an opening
Concrete and Masonry
Concrete - Cement, sand, aggregate and water Cement – Mixture of lime, silica (sand), alumina, iron and gypsum.
Sold by the cubic yard ~ $30.00/cu.yd.
Concrete block (cinder block) (p. 179) Pavers