Transcript Spectrum allocation
Wireless Communications
• GSM • GPRS • UMTS • CDMA 2000 • WiFi
References: http://www.privateline.com/PCS/GSM05.html
http://www.trillium.com/products/trillium/wireless.html
GPRS Cisco White Paper UMTS Forum White Paper 2005
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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Wireless Migration Path
NMT (900) TACS GSM(900) GSM(1800) 192 kbps GPRS WCDMA 2 Mbps GSM(1900) GPRS IS-136(1900) IS-95(1900) EDGE 384 kbps IS-136(800) AMPS IS-95(800) CDMA2000 1X 200 kbps CDMA2000 3X 2 Mbps SMR iDEN(800) 1G 2G 2.5G
3G TACS – Total Access Communication System NMT – Nordic Mobile Telephone SMR – Specialized Mobile radio iDEN – Integrated Dispatch Enhanced Network (Motorola) EDGE – Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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2G spectrum allocation
D-AMPS/TDMA IS-54/136 (800) GSM (850) GSM-EU (900) EGSM-EU (900) Year Base Tx MHz Base Rx MHz Spectr. allocat.
Radio Channel No of carriers channel/carrier Modulation CODEC 1983/1991 869-894 824-849 25 MHz 30 kHz 832 3 (6) 4DPSK 1 A/VCELP 3 1983 869-894 824-849 25 MHz 200 kHz 125 8 0.3GMSK
2 RELP 4 / ACELP 1991 935-960 890-915 25 MHz 200 kHz 125 8 0.3GMSK
RELP/ ACELP 1 DMSK – Differential Phase Shift Keying, 2 GMSK – Gaussian Maximum Shift Keying, 3 CELP – Code Excited Linear Prediction, A – Algebraic, V – Vector (8 kbps), 4 RELP – Residual ELP (13 kbps). Tanenbaum page 687: G723.1 – 5.3 to 6.4 kbps. 1992 925-934.8
870-889.8
9.8 MHz 200 kHz 49 8 0.3GMSK
RELP/ ACELP GSM-EU (1800) 1992 1805-1880 1710-1785 150 MHz 200 kHz 375 8 0.3GMSK
RELP/ ACELP
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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3G spectrum allocation
Year Base Tx MHz Base Rx MHz Spectr. allocat.
Radio Channel No of carriers channel/carrier Modulation CODEC GSM-US (1900) 1 2003 1930-1990 1850-1910 60 MHz 200 kHz 300 8 0.3GMSK
RELP/ ACELP CDMA IS-95 1 1993 869-894 824-849 50 MHz 1.25 MHz 20 64 QPSK 2 CELP 3 CDMA2000 1X 2000 1930-1990 1850-1910 120 MHz 1.25 MHz 48 64 QPSK CELP WCDMA IS-661 2003 2110-2170 1920-1980 120 MHz 5 MHz 15*12 = 180 64 1 2G 2 QPSK – Quadrature Phase Shift Keying.
3 CELP – Code Excited Linear Prediction,
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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Spectrum Frequency Chart
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GSM Spectrum
ARFCN – Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number.
Offset between downlink and uplink
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Offset
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Coverage – Frequency Reuse
MSC1 F E r A D G D B C MSC2 d Carrier/Interference = 17 dB For N (reuse pattern) = 7, d/r = 4.6
MSC – Mobile Service/Switching Center
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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GSM (2G) Standard Reference Model
MT Um BTS D B VLR Abis BSC Ater TRAU optional A MSC/VLR E HLR C GMSC
AuC
F SMSC EIR BTS SS7 signaling SS7 signaling + trunks PSTN AuC -
Authentication Center
BSC -
Base Stations Controller
BTS
– Base Transceiver Station (50–100
BTS) EIR
– Equipment Identity Register
GMSC HLR – VLR –
Gateway Mobile Service Center Home Location Register (one per ntwk) Visitor Location Register
MT
– Mobile Terminal
ME
- Mobile Equipment (IMEI –
I
nternational
M
obile
E
quipment
I
dentity) +
SIM
(Subscriber Identity Card containing IMSI –
I
nternational
M
obile
S
ubscriber
I
dentity)
SMSC -
Short Message Service Center
PSTN -
Public Switching Telephone Network
TRAU
– Transcoding and Rate Adaptation Unit
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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Location update
Registration (passive), Handover (active)
A B distance
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)
PSTN F EIR GMSC E VLR1 B A MSC1 BSC1 Abis BTS1 SMSC C G HLR AuC D A MSC2 B VLR2 Abis BSC2 BTS2 Um MS* Um *Mobile Station = MT + ME
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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GSM Location Update (Registration)
MS BSS2* New MSC2/VLR GMSC/HLR/AuC Previous MSC1/VLR Channel Request Channel Assigned Loc Update Request Loc. info Update Send Auth. Info Authentication Info Authentication Challenge Authentication Response Update Location Insert Subscr. Data Subscr. Data Ack Update Location Ack Cancel Location Cancel Location Ack Location Update Accept Clear Channel Clear Complete Channel Released *BSS = BTS + BSC
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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TE
GSM Standard Reference Model (2)
All Interfaces are SS7 protocol based
PSTN E GMSC SMSC BTS: radio station that talks to mobiles.
BSC: allocate channels and other resources.
HLR: IMSI, last location area, class of service.
VLR: IMSI, class of service.
AuC: secret key (the same as in SIM card).
EIR: IMEI if reported stolen marked invalid.
SMSC: Short Message Service data base.
C VLR MSC HLR AuC D EIR F R MT Um BTS Abis A BSC
GSM signaling + voice Signaling
Radio Resource Management: BSC radio/fixed channels/slots Allocation during call setup, and handoffs.
Mobility management: HLR/VLR – registration, inter MSC handoffs, authentication Connection Management: MSC + supplementary services and Short Message Service.
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Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
GPRS: GSM Packet Radio Service (2.5G)
PSTN VLR MSC TE R MT Um BTS Abis A BSC
GSM signaling + voice Signaling Signaling + data
GMSC SMSC PDN
- Packet Data Network (Internet)
PLMN PSTN
Public Land Mobile Network – Public Switching Telephone Network
E C Gd HLR AuC Gs F EIR Gf Gb SGSN D Gr Gn Gn Gp SGSN SGSN other PLMN GGSN Gc Gi PDN TE BSC
– splits voice and data traffic)
GGSN
- Gateway GPRS Support Node
SGSN
- Serving GPRS Support Node (protocol converter and router) 14
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
UMTS (3G)
PSTN SMSC GMSC TE E Gd VLR MSC R MT Um BTS Abis A BSC Gs F EIR Gf Gb SGSN D Gr C Gn IuCS Uu Iubis UE NodeB (BTS) RNC IuPS Gp SGSN other PLMN
GSM signaling + voice Signaling Signaling + data
HLR AuC GGSN Gc Gi UE Node B PDN
User Equipment
TE
- Logical node for radio T/R.
(equivalent to BTS).
RNC
- Radio Network Controller (equivalent to BSC).
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GSM Air Interface Um
One multiframe = 26 frames = 120 msec
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T T -
1 frame = 8 slots = 4.62 ms T - Traffic Channel (TCH) A - Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH)
0* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3tail bits 57 message/ data bits 1 26 training Sequence bits 1 Stealing bits For FACCH 57 message/ data bits 3tail bits 8.25 gua rd bits
156.25 bits/0.577 msec = 270.797 kbps 140 useful bits.
TCH for uplink and downlink are separated by 3 burst periods so that MS does not have to transmit and receive simultaneously.
*If only one carrier per cell this slot is shared by: BCCH, CCCH, and SDCCH.
If more then one carrier this slot is shared by BCCH and CCCH and next slot Carries SDCCH.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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GPRS CCHs
Downlink Uplink
RACH Random Access Ch.
Random Access use Slotted Aloha PRACH Packet Random Access Ch.
voice packet
CCCH Common Control Ch.
PCH Paging Ch.
AGCH Access Grant Ch.
NCH Notification Ch.
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel PCCCH Common Control Ch.
PPCH Paging Ch.
PAGCH Access Grant Ch.
PNCH Notification Ch.
PBCCH Packet Broadcast Control Channel BCCH – general info regarding BTS and network and of the CCCH configuration.
CCCH – Common Control Channel
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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GPRS TCH and Associated CCHs
stand-alone 4(8) slots
SDCCH/4(8) Stand-alone Dedicated Control Ch.
SACCH/C4(C8) Slow SDCCH/4(8) Associated Control Ch.
Voice Traffic Channel F(H) Full(Half) Rate
TCH Traffic Ch.
FACCH/F(H) Fast Associated Control Ch.
E-FACCH/F Enhanced Fast Associated Control Ch.
SACCH/F(H) Slow Associated Control Ch.
SACCH/M Slow Associated Control Ch. for Multislot configur.
SACCH/CTS Slow Associated Control Ch. for CTS
Packet Traffic Channel
PACCH Packet Associated Control Ch.
PTCCH Packet timing Advance Control Ch.
SDCCH – used prior to call for SMS or signaling.
SACCH – used when MS in on call to signal power strength in preparation for handoff and SMS.
FACCH – used when MS on call for non-voice info like supplementary services and control
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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Burst Structure
Stealing bits for FACCH Normal Burst 3tail bits 57 message/ data bits 1 26 training sequence bits 1 57 message/ data bits 3tail bits 8.25 guard bits
Training bits are for equalization. Radio waves bounce of everything. Which one to use is determined by training sequence bits. It keeps MS in phase with BTS.
FCB Frequency Control Burst 3tail bits 142 “0” bits (empty frame) SCB Synchronous Control Burst 3tail bits 38 message or training bits 1 64 extended training sequence bits 38 message or training bits 3tail bits 8.25 guard bits 1 3tail bits 8.25 guard bits Access Control Burst 8 tail bits 44 synchronization bits 36 encryption bits 60 guard bits 8.25 guard bits
Voice coders (Vocoders) full-rate 13 kbps, half-rate 7 kbps.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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GPRS Interfaces
Application IP/X.25
SNDCP LLC RLC MAC GSM RF
RLC
MAC
relay BSSGP
Ntwk GSM RF L1bis SNDCP
relay
LLC GTP TCP/ UDP BSSGP IP Ntwk L1bis L2 L1 IP/X.25
GTP TCP/ UDP IP L2 L1 MS BSS GGSN Um Gb SGSN Gn Gi
SNDCP
– Sub-Network Dependent Convergence Protocol.
Maps networks layer protocol like IP/X.25 into underlying LLC
BSSGP LLC GTP
– Base Station GPRS Protocol. Processes routing and QoS for BSS.
– Link Layer Control (LAPD).
– GPRS Tunnel Protocol
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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MS
GPRS Location Update Attach
BSS New SGSN/VLR HLR/AuC Packet Channel Req.
Channel Assigned Attach Request Attach Request Send Auth. Info Authentication Info Authentication Challenge Packet Channel Req.
Channel Assigned Authentication Response Update GPRS Loc Insert Subscr. Data Subscr. Data RR Update GPRS Loc RR Previous SGSN/VLR Cancel Location Cancel Location RR Attach Accept Packet Channel Req.
Channel Assigned Attach Complete Ack Attach Complete
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Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
PDP Context (IP address allocation)
MS BSS Activate PDP Context Autentication Request Autentication Response SGSN PDP Context Accept GGSN PDP Context Req.
PDP Context Resp.
SNDCP PDU GTP PDU TCP/IP PDU TCP/IP PDU GTP PDU SNDCP PDU Internet
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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CDMA concept
Senders
d 1 o =1
Data bits
d 1 1 =-1
Chips
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
Z i, 1 m = d i 1 c m 1 Chip rate Spreading factor = chip_rate/data_rate.
dB = 10 log( spreading rate/data rate ) has the same effect as dB (signal/noise).
Data bits
d 2 1 =1 d 2 o =1
Chips
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
Z i, 2 m = d i 2 c m 2
Channel Z i, * m 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 2 2 2 2 2 2 -2 -2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
d 1 i = ( S m Z i,
*
m c 1 m )/M
d 1 1 =-1 d 2 1 =1
d 2 i = ( S m Z i,
*
m c 2 m )/M
d 1 o =1 d 2 o =1
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Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
UMTS W-CDMA (Wideband CDMA)
15 TDD slots/frame etc.
2,000 mks 1,333 mks 667 mks
EU Uplink: 1920 - 1980 MHz Downlink: 2110 - 2170 MHz 12 Channels * 15 slots = 180 channels Each channel can be used as up-link and down-link.
This enables asymmetric slot allocation.
5 10 15 etc. MHz CDMA channels 5 MHz each
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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W-CDMA Frame Format
One superframe = 72 frames = 720 msec
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
1 frame = 15 slots = 10 ms
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 slot = 2560 chips = 0.667 ms Data or Control: Uplink or Downlink
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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WCDMA Concept
data sequence (bits/sec) spreading sequence (chips/sec) transmit sequence
SF (Spreading Factor) = chip_rate/bit_rate = 2^k.
Chip Rate = 3.84 Mbps For transmit sequences to be orthogonal it must be: ==> SF (chosen) = 3.84 Mbps/bit_rate.
Orthogonal functions with spreading factors
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1-1-1 1-11-1 1-1 SF=1 SF=2 1-1-11 SF=4
For speech of 12.2 kbps the spreading factor = 314.75 or gain = 25 dB. Max spreading factor = 256 with gain 24 dB.
Maximum data rate = 960 kbps (gross) = 460 (net) which gives spreading factor = 4 and the gain of 6 dB.
How do we achieve 2 Mbps (net). Using 5 time slots.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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Evolution of UMTS Core Network 3GPP 1999 (from slide 9)
UE ME USIM
RNC
Node B Iub Iur Iub
RNC
Iu-cs MSC/ VLR PCM SMSC GMSC PCM D Gd C HSS AuC Gs Iu-ps
SGSN
Gr Gc Gn (GTP/IP)
GGSN
Gi (IP) Node B
UTRAN Core Network
HSS – Home Subscriber Server (previous HLR)
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
PSTN
signaling Signaling + SMS CS (voice) PS (data)
Internet 27
3GPP Release 4 March 2004
HSS AuC
RNC
Iu-cs (control) MSC/VLR Server IP GMSC Server SS7 GW Node B Iub Iur
RNC
Iu-cs (bearer) H248/IP RTP/IP
MGW
H248/IP PCM
MGW
Iub Iu-ps
SGSN
Gn (GTP/IP)
GGSN
Gi (IP) Node B
UTRAN Core Network
HSS – Home Subscriber Server (previous HLR)
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
signaling CS (voice) PS (data)
PSTN Internet 28
3GPP Release 5 June 2004
RNC Node B Iur Iub Iub RNC Node B Iu-IM HSS AuC Cx Gr SIP proxy CSCF Gn SGSN
GGSN
Mg Gi MGC Mc
MGW
Gi
UTRAN
IM – IP Media domain MGC – Media Gateway Controller CSCF – Call State Control Function
Core Network
all background Streamline/ interactive conversational
PSTN Internet 29
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
WiFi (Wireless LAN) architecture*
PCF (Point Cordination Function) or infrastructure mode Server Router LAN about 30 m Access Point - AP Wireless LAN – BSS**
AP polls base stations
Wireless LAN *Tanenbaum Chapter 4.4.
** Basic Service Set
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
Access Point - AP
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WiFi (Wireless LAN) architecture
DCF (Distributed Cordination Function) or point-to-point mode Range of B D B A C Range of A 1.
Hidden station problem: A is transmitting to B. If D senses the channel it will not hear anything and falsely conclude that it may start transmitting to B.
2.
Exposed station problem (inverse): A is transmitting to D. B wants to transmit to C however it hears channel busy.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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Frequency range and IEEE 802.11
ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) band:
– – –
902 – 928 MHz 2.4 – 2.4835 GHz 5.735 – 5.860 GHz
Upper layers Logical Link Control DCF PCF Infrared FHSS MAC DSSS physical
DCF – Distributed Coordination Function PCF – Point Coordination Function FHSS – Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum DSSS – Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
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DCF MACAW (Multiple Access with Collision Avoidence for Wireless)
RTS Fragm1 Fragm2 Station A CTS Ack Ack Station B Station C (hidden from B) Station D (hidden from A) NAV* NAV
Since probability of correct frame is low, MAC layer splits the frame into fragments and creates acknowledgment.
*
Network Allocation Vector
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Combo: DCF and PCF
Ack Station B SIFS PIFS DIFS EIFS
SIFS (Shortest InterFrame Spacing) allows parties already in a dialog to go first letting: sender to send next fragment without repeated RTS, receiver to send ack, receiver to respond to RTS by CTS, etc.
PIFS (PCF InterFrame Spacing) allows Base Station to grab a channel. Base Station (if nothing to send) broadcasts beacon frame every 1 to 10 msec to inform about clock synchronization, polling sequence etc.
DIFS (DCF InterFrame Spacing) any station may attempt to get a channel to start a new frame.
EIFS (Extended InterFrame Spacing) allows receiving station to report a bad frame.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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802.11 Data Frame, Fig. 4-30
Frame control Dur ation Addr 1 Addr2 Addr3 Seq Addr4 Data (0-2312)
2 2 6 6 6 2 6 0 – 2312 Ver sion Type Sub type To DS From DS MF Retry Pwr More W O 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 bits
Version Type Subtype - protocol version.
- data, control, or management frame.
- RTS, CTS or Ack.
To/From DS - frame is coming from another distribution system (another Ethernet cell).
MF - more fragments will follow.
Retry - retransmission of a frame sent earlier.
Pwr More W O - used by the Base Station to off/on power of the receiver.
- sender has more frames.
- frame body has been encrypted into WEP (Wireless Equivalent Privacy).
- sequence of frames with this bit must be processed strictly in order.
Duration - duration in the channel of this frame and its ack.
Addr1 and 2 - source and destination address.
Addr3 and 4 - source and destination address within another (inter)cell.
Seq - 12 bits are for frame number and 4 for fragment.
Data - payload up to 2312 bytes.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
CHK
4 Bytes 35
Internet Applications and Services
• DNS – Domain Name System • Electronic mail
– MIME – Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions • World Wide Web HTML – HyperText Markup Language XML – eXtesible Markup Language XHTML – eXtended HyperText Markup Language Dynamic Web Documents
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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Wireless Application and Services
• SMS - Short Message Service
– Infrastructure – Protocol layers – Structure of Message Segment – Network Functions for Message Delivery – SMS and Email Delivery
• EMS - Enhanced Messaging Service
– Basic EMS – Animation – MIDI – Musical Instruments Digital Interface – Color Animation
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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Wireless Multimedia Application and Services
• WAP – Wireless Application Protocol
– WAP Protocol Stack – WAP Languages and Design Tool – WAP Traffic Modelling and Performance issues – Wireless Web
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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MMS - Multimedia Messaging Service
• MMS Architecture – MMS Environment – MMS Client – MMS Center – Interfaces – WAP realization of MMS – Message sending, retrieval, forwarding, reports.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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MMS - Multimedia Messaging Service
• Transaction Flow – Person-to-Person – Content-to-Person – Message delivery, cancellation, replacement – Delivery Report and Error Handling
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IMPS - Instant Messaging and Presence Service
• Infrastructure • Protocols • Security • Evolution
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Push-to-Talk
• Architecture • Standardization • Service Access • Performance
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LBS - Location based Services
• LBS server • Positioning System • Supplementary Systems • LBS Clients
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3GPP – Third Generation Partnership Project
History: ETSI (European Telecommunications Standard Institute) SMG (Special Mobile Group) + CEPT (Conference Europeanne des Postes et Telecommunications carried GSM standards for 18 years -> 2000 -> 3GPP.
1998 Joint project between 6 standardization bodies from: Europe (ETSI), North America (T1), Korea (TTA – Telecommunication Technology Association), Japan (TTC - Telecommunication Technology Committee and ARIB – Association of Radio Industries and Business), China (CWCS – China Wireless Telecommunications Standard) Structure: 3GPP = PCG (Project Coordination Group) => TSG (Technical Specification Groups) to create and maintain 3GPP specifications.
Objective: – UMTS technical specification – maintain existing GSM specifications – developing further GSM extensions (like GPRS) Involved in development of messaging standards: – General service requirements – – – Architecture Formats and codecs Low level technical realizations 44
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
3GPP – Documents
TR – Technical Reports:
• Feasibility studies that may become standards.
TS – Technical Specifications:
• Define GSM/UMTS standards published independently by constituents.
• Specs are usually frozen for 1 to 1.5 years between releases (only essential corrections allowed).
• Three stages: – Service description from user’s perspective – Logical analysis -> functional architecture and information flow – Implementation = technical realizations
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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3GPP – Organizational Structure
TSG - Technical Specification Groups P r o j e c t ( P C G ) C o o r d i n a ti o n G r o u p TSG CN Core Network TSG GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access Network TSG RAN Radio Access Network TSG SA Services & System Aspects TSG T Terminals CN (Core Network): -WG1 Call Control, Session Management, Mobility Management (Iu) -WG2 CAMEL (Customized Applications for Mobile Network Enhanced Logic) -WG3 Interworking with external networks -WG4 MAP/GTB/BCH/SS -WG5 Open Service Architecture (OSA) GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access network): -WG1 Radio Access -WG2 Protocol aspects -WG3 Base Station Testing and OA&M -WG4 Terminal Testing Radio Aspects -WG5 Terminal Testing Protocol Aspects RAN (Radio Access Network): -WG1 Radio Layer 1 Spec -WG2 Radio Layer 2 Spec -WG3 Iub, Iur, Iu specs and UTRAN O7M requirement SA (Service Architecture): -WG1 Services -WG2 Architecture -WG3 Security -WG4 Codec -WG5 Telecom Management T (Terminals): -WG1 Mobile Terminal Conformance Testing -WG2 MT Services and Capabilities -WG3 Universal Subscriber identity Module
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3GPP Milestones
Timeline Service availability Network availability Standardiza tion milestone 1996 1997 1998 1999 3GPP R96 3GPP R97 3GPP R98 WAP 1.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 MMS EMS 2004 2005 SMS UMTS GSM 3GPP Rel.99
3GPP Rel.4
WAP 1.2.1
WAP 2.0
3GPP Rel.5
OMA MMS 1.1
OMA MMS 1.2
GPRS 3GPP Rel.6
OMA MMS 1.3
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3GPP – Documents
Document number aa.bbb or aa.bb
3GPP TS 23.040 V5.1.0
Document type: TS: Techn. Spec TR: Techn Report Document version: x: major version or release y: technical version z: editorial version
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3GPP2 Third Generation Partnership Project 2
Joint project between ITU (International Telecommunication Union) and IMT-200 (International Mobile Telecommunications.
Objective:
– produce specification for services deployed in North American and Asian markets for CDMA networks – Adopting 3GPP and OMA interfaces for CDMA. 49
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
GSMA – GSM Association
Global trade organization that represents the interest of several hundreds of GSM mobile operators.
Objective: promoting, protecting, enhancing the interests of GSM operators. It publishes technical recommendations widely endorsed by GSM community.
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Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
IETF – Internet Engineering Task Force
Documents start by RFC (Request For Comments), i.e. RFC 822 Stable RFC may fall into Standard Track documents: * technical specifications (description of protocol, service, procedure, convention, or format.
* applicability statements.
1. Proposed standard is registered by IESG (Internet Engeneering Steering Group) and given to public for review.
2. Proposed standard is moved to draft standard if it has at least two implementations.
3. If proposed standard reaches maturity for many implementations it becomes Internet Standard and gets the name: RFC 822 Standard for the format of ARPA Internet text messages.
D. Crocker. Aug-13-1982/Status: STANDARD/STD0011.
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W3C – WWW Consortium created 1994
Development widely accepted protocols and formats for WWW.
TS from W3C are known as recommendations.
W3C collaborates closely with IETF. Example of documents are: HTML, URI, HTTP, XML, XHTML, SVG, SMIL.
W3C are organized into following five domains: • Architecture domain: WWW architecture.
• Documents format domain: definition of formats and languages.
• Interaction domain: user interactions with WWW.
•Technology and Society domain: social and legal issues.
•Web Accessibility Initiative: promoting usability for disabled people.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
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W3C documents release procedures
Increasing level of maturity Proposed recommendation Candidate recommendation Last call Working draft Working draft www.w3c.org
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WAP Forum
WAP forum -> 2002 -> Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) • • • • Documents: Specification: proposal, draft, etc.
Change Request: unofficial proposal to change spec. initiated by individuals (forum members).
Specification Change Documents (SCD): proposed modification of specification released only by specification working group. Specification Implementation Note (SIN): an approved modification of previously published spec.
Specification registered name Specification state A: approved P: proposed T: prototype O: obsolete D: draft WAP-205-MMSArchOverview-20010425-a Document identifier Specification version (date) 25/04/2001 54
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009
OMA – Open Mobile Alliance
Established 2002 by about 200 companies to develop interoperable application enablers, which are bearer agnostic, and independent of any operating system.
Working groups: • Requirements (REQ); identify cases for services and interoperability requirements.
• Architecture (ARCH): design of overall OMA architecture.
• Messaging group (MWG): building application enablers for messaging services. Sub-working group MMSG is responsible for design of OMA MMS standard • Mobile Web Services (MWS): responsible for OMA Web Services.
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Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009