Transcript Polacy o Służbie Cywilnej

dr Robert Sobiech
Institute of Applied Social Sciences
Warsaw University
Image and attractivity of central government
administrations in Europe.
Desk review
Joint TUNED / EUPAE Project
Working group meeting. Brussels 29 March 2012
The aim
The desk review is the first part of TUNED / EUPAE
project and is aimed at :
Reconstructing of key dimensions of the image of
central government administrations.
Presentation of changes in public perception of
central government administrations in the period of
2000-2011.
The aim
Overview of public perception, employees and
employers of central government administrations in
the following 13 EU member-states:
Italy,
Belgium,
Luxembourg,
Croatia,
Poland,
Czech Republic,
Romania,
Finland,
Spain,
France,
the UK
Greece,
Hungary,
Two perspectives
A) Public administration from the perspective of
citizens/users.
– Citizens’ trust in the public administration. Opinions on
functioning of public administration.
– Citizens/users evaluations of public services.
– Opinions on competencies, performance and integrity of
civil servants.
– Citizens/users opinions on what functioning well and
what is not functioning.
Two perspectives
B) Perception of attractiveness of public
administration as a workplace.
– Social status of public administration employees.
– Perception of attractiveness of public administration as a
workplace (citizens/civil servants opinions).
– Job satisfaction in public administration (key motivators
and de-motivators).
Image of public administration
institutional messages
Review of the main messages concerning the
image of public administrations and
recommendations for necessary improvements
conveyed by the European Commission and
international organizations.
Key communication problem
“As a form of governance, bureaucracy has had
such great success in transforming the world that
most citizens of industrial nations may have difficulty
imagining a world without it. But just as bureaucracy
has tamed the world, the world now seeks to tame
bureaucracy. Bureaucracy seems to have few
friends and millions of critics”.
• Bozeman
Perspective of citizens-users
Citizens’ trust in the public administration.
Opinions on functioning of public administration.
Confidence – key problem
In most of countries
less than 50% of
citizens trust their civil
service
Only in Luxemburg, France
and Belgium confidence in the
civil service declared around
55%-70% citizens
Trust in public administration is positively
related with level of GDP, disparities in national
wealth distribution, level of social capital as
well as with approval for democratic institutions
and norms
How is public administration run?
Only in 5 countries more than 50% of
citizens trust their civil service and have a
positive opinion on the way public
administration is run
The worst image in Greece
and Romania
Evaluation of public administration
ITALY
POLAND
Evaluation of work of:
Negative28%
state
administration 6,9% 20,7%
offices
self-government
administration 4,6% 16,6%
offices
Positive 30%
40,3%
40,2%
very bad
rather bad
neither bad or good
rather good
very good
difficult to say
26,4%
31,4%
3,4%
2,3%
3,7%
3,6%
Evaluation of public administration
ITALY
POLAND
Has situation in state government offices changed
in last 5 years?
improved a lot
3,5%
rather improved
21,9%
difficult to say
17,6%
worsened a lot
1,7%
rather worsened
8,9%
neither
improved nor
worsened
46,5%
Citizens/users evaluations of public services.
Satisfaction with public services
citizens’ opinions
NORWAY
Satisfaction with public services
citizens’ opinions
SPAIN
Satisfaction with public services in Spain (2010)
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Justice
Unemployment
benefits
Management
Pensions
Infrastructure Services related Social Services
with public
safety
Satisfied
Education
Public Hospitals Health Centers
Disatisfied
Source: AEVAL (2011): Public Administration on Citizens’ Judgment (forthcoming).
Public
Transportation
State actions vs. service delivery
citizens vs. users
State activites / l'action de l'Etat
Users satisfaction / Usagers satisfaction globale
FRANCE
Satisfaction with public services
users’ opinions
Public Sector Service Satisfaction Index
(SSI)
The UK
Opinions on competencies, performance and
integrity of civil servants
Public opinion about civil servants
France
General public - positive
opinion on:
state civil servants (71%)
local civil servants (74%)
hospital civil servants
(91%)
IPSOS 2011
Respondents who had contact
with the civil servants
honest (75%)
competent (69%)
dedicated to the public
service (67%)
attentive (63%)
TNS Sofres 2011
Public opinion about civil servants
Poland
General public opinion
competent (54%)
friendly to the clients (50%)
not enough committed (35%)
diligent (42%)
impartial (36%)
politically neutral (30%)
ARC 2011
Opinions on civil servants met
during last visit to the office
competent (83%)
friendly and helpful (81%)
served in professional and
diligent way (81%)
efficiently conducted all
formalities (79%)
ARC 2011
Attractiveness of public
administration as a workplace
Social status of public administration employees
Public opinion on attractiveness of public
administration
FRANCE
POLAND
Imagine your child wants to become a civil
servant, would you encourage him/her?
Is state government administration as an attractive
workplace for young people?
total „yes” answers in 2011
Total „yes” answers
61%
2006 – 82%
2007 – 77%
Would advise your friend to take a job in state
government administration office?
2008 – 68%
total „yes” answers in 2011
48%
IPSOS
No opinion – 40%
ARC
Attractiveness of public administration
among civil servants
Total „yes” answers 61%
Civil servants (employees,
line managers and top
managers)
Demmke 2008
40% respondents - career development policies
are better in the private sector
25% respondents -career development policies
are better in the private sector
Public vs. private sector
State outperforms private sector in:
Finnish citizens:
job security (state 59%
vs. 4%)
possibility to influence
society’s development
(30% vs. 8%)
equality between sexes
(24% vs. 12%)
Finnish civil servants:
job security (68% vs. 3%)
balancing work and private life (37%
vs. 17%)
possibility to influence on society’s
development (36% vs. 10%)
flexible working time (33% vs. 18%)
equality between sexes (32% vs.
11%).
Public vs. private sector
Finnish state
government
administration
Job satisfaction in the public sector
France (2011) 72% of state
civil servants satisfied with a
current job.
Netherlands (2002) 70% of
public employees satisfied with
the content of their work.
Austria (1999) 76% of federal
public sector employees are
satisfied or very satisfied with
their jobs.
Belgium (2003) 72% of
federal employees satisfied
with their work.
51% satisfied with their
employer (the federal public
service).
58% proud of being employee
of the public administration.
Motivation in the public sector
What is your level of motivation in your current job?
France – state civil servants
% very motivated + rather motivated
IPSOS (2011) comaparative
research on 51 000 civil servants
from 34 countries (Argentina,
Australia, Belgium, Brasil,
Canada, Chile, China, Colombia,
Czech Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Hong
Kong, Hungary, India, Italy,
Japan, Mexico, Netherland,
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, South Africa,
South Korea, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, UK, USA,
Venezuela
Image of public administration - institutional
messages
European Commission
Modernisation of public administration is a key part of the Europe
2020 strategy and one of five priorities for 2012.
Public administration is a determining element of
competitiveness as well as an important productivity factor.
Even in the times of austerity measures, modernisation of public
administration shall continue in order to face existing challenges
and ensure benefits from the advantages of EU membership for
the citizens.
„Annual Growth Survey 2012”. European Commission COM(2011) 815
Image of public administration - institutional
messages
European Commission
Room for an improvement:
increase the efficiency in delivering public service.
increase transparency of public administration activities.
achieve a high level of quality of public administration.
„Annual Growth Survey 2012”. European Commission COM(2011) 815
Image of public administration - institutional
messages
OECD
Raising attractiveness of public administration needs
„a comprehensive investment in building a positive and
credible image of the public sector work and working
conditions”.
„“Public Service as an Employer of Choice” (2000) OECD Policy Brief
Image of public administration - institutional
messages
SIGMA (Support for Improvement in Governance and Management)
-joint initiative of the OECD and the European Union.
„The public sector as a whole (...), has been the target of
merciless attacks from certain politicians, parts of academia,
certain think tanks and media with the aim of weakening its
legitimacy”.(...) this denigration [ of the state] has had a negative
impact on the perception of the public bureaucracy and therefore
on the attractiveness of the public service”.
Rebuilding trust in the state requires fostering the legitimacy of
the state as well as restoring the good reputation of the
structures of the state”.
Cardona F „Attractiveness of the Public Service. A Matter of Good Public Governance” (2009). SIGMA. OECD
Image of public administration - institutional
messages
United Nations Programme on Public Administration
and Development .
Modern public administration maintains confidence in the
stability and continuity of the state, ensure professionalism,
integrity, impartiality, legality necessary to meet the state goals
as well to implement the internationally agreed development
goals.
Focus on transparency, efficiency and effectiveness with a
strong commitment to be accountable to their citizens.
One of the key task is to counterbalance negative image of
public administration, raise the image and prestige of public
servants.
Conclusions
The key problem of the public image is relatively low level of trust
in public administration. In majority of the studied countries less
than half of citizens have trust in their administration.
Trust in public administration is related, on one side with
conditions of living, disparities in national wealth distribution,
level of social capital, on the other side with trust in the
government, approval for democratic institutions and norms.
Conclusions
Confidence in public administration seems to be deeply rooted in
specific socio-economic context of each country and reflects
complex citizens-state relations. Public trust should be perceived
more as an effect of a long term processes than a result of
sudden political or economic changes or turbulences.
Negative opinions and public disappointment observed at the
level of general opinions toward public administration as a part of
the state machinery are modified in other dimensions of the
public administration image.
Conclusions
The shorter the distance (both in symbolic space and in real
conditions) between citizens and public administration, the better
assessment of its performance, greater satisfaction from the
service delivered and higher evaluation of the civil servants.
Despite dominant negative stereotypes public administration
enjoys a relatively high social prestige and it is perceived as a
interesting, desirable place for professional career for family
members and close friends as well as for the young people.
Conclusions
The review has revealed a high level of job satisfaction and
strong public sector motivation for work among the public
administration employees.
Due to the limited availability of national studies and scarcity of
comparative research in the area, the review was largely based
on studies conducted in the EU old member states-countries,
e.g. countries with well developed democratic system, high level
of social capital, high level of national wealth and relatively low
disparities in national income distribution
Positive opinions on civil servants’ competencies, satisfaction
with service delivery, attractiveness of public sector or high job
satisfaction among public sector employees might be to some
extent obscured by the non-representative selection of the
reviewed studies.
Conclusions
The review was focused on quantitative data leaving aside the
qualitative perspective, which usually offers in-depth
understanding of the studied phenomena.
The further study should provide an opportunity to deepen the
knowledge on public perception as well on attitudes of public
sector employees, enabling to discover key insights and
undiscovered beliefs as well as explaining the impact of the
intermediary institutions (media, politicians, trade unions) on
image of public administration.