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Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions Enrique Fernández-Martínez MPI für Physik Munich Non-unitarity and NSI Generic new physics affecting n oscillations can be parameterized as 4-fermion Non-Standard Interactions: Production or detection of a n associated to a l 2 2GF n PLl f PL, R f So that p → nt n n → p t The general matrix N can be parameterized as: N 1 U Also gives where † but with * Non-unitarity and NSI matter effects Non-Standard n scattering off matter can also be parameterized as 4-fermion Non-Standard Interactions: m 2 2GF n PLn f PL, R f so that Integrating out the W and Z, 4-fermion operators are obtained also for the non-unitary mixing matrix They are related to the production and detection NSI Non-unitarity and NSI matter effects Integrating out the W and Z, 4-fermion operators for matter NSI are obtained from non-unitary mixing matrix m 2 2GF n PLn f PL, R f ee nn ne 2 e nn ne 1 et nn ne 1 m e nn ne 1 nn ne t nn ne n n 1 n n n n t n e tt n e et n e They are related to the production and detection NSI Direct bounds on prod/det NSI From , , p decays and zero distance oscillations ud 2 2GF l PLn u PL, R d ud 0.042 2.6 105 0.087 0.025 0.042 0.1 0.013 0.013 0.13 e 2 2GF PLn n PLe e 0.025 0.03 0.03 0.025 0.03 0.03 0.025 0.03 0.03 Bounds order ~10-2 C. Biggio, M. Blennow and EFM 0907.0097 Direct bounds on matter NSI If matter NSI are uncorrelated to production and detection direct bounds are mainly from n scattering off e and nuclei m 2 2GF n PLn f PL, R f 0.05 0.5 1 0.6 0.05 0.5 0.14 0.1 0.44 d u e m 0.1 0.03 0.1 m 0.05 0.008 0.05 m 0.05 0.015 0.05 0.5 0.05 0.5 0.05 0.44 0.1 0.5 3 6 Rather weak bounds… …can they be saturated avoiding additional constraints? S. Davidson, C. Peña garay, N. Rius and A. Santamaria hep-ph/0302093 J. Barranco, O. G. Miranda, C. A. Moura and J. W. F. Valle hep-ph/0512195 J. Barranco, O. G. Miranda, C. A. Moura and J. W. F. Valle 0711.0698 C. Biggio, M. Blennow and EFM 0902.0607 Gauge invariance However is related to m 2 2GF n PLn f PL, R f m 2 2GF l PLl f PL, R f by gauge invariance and very strong bounds exist →e → e in nuclei t decays See Toshi’s talk S. Bergmann et al. hep-ph/0004049 Z. Berezhiani and A. Rossi hep-ph/0111147 Large NSI? We searched for gauge invariant SM extensions satisfying: Matter NSI are generated at tree level 4-charged fermion ops not generated at the same level No cancellations between diagrams with different messenger particles to avoid constraints The Higgs Mechanism is responsible for EWSB S. Antusch, J. Baumann and EFM 0807.1003 Large NSI? At d=6 only one possibility: charged scalar singlet Present in Zee model or R-parity violating SUSY L i L L i L c 2 c 2 M. Bilenky and A. Santamaria hep-ph/9310302 Large NSI? Since l = -l only , t and tt ≠0 Very constrained: →e decays t decays CKM unitarity F. Cuypers and S. Davidson hep-ph/9310302 S. Antusch, J. Baumann and EFM 0807.1003 Large NSI? At d=8 more freedom Can add 2 H to break the symmetry between n and l with the vev L i H H i L f f * 2 t 2 -v2/2 n n f f Z. Berezhiani and A. Rossi hep-ph/0111147; S. Davidson et al hep-ph/0302093 There are 3 topologies to induce effective d=8 ops with HHLLff legs: Large NSI? We found three classes satisfying the requirements: Large NSI? We found three classes satisfying the requirements: 1 Just contributes to the scalar propagator after EWSB v2/2 Lc i 2 L L i 2 Lc Same as the d=6 realization with the scalar singlet Large NSI? We found three classes satisfying the requirements: 2 The Higgs coupled to the NR selects n after EWSB L i H H i L f f * 2 t 2 -v2/2 n n f f Large NSI? But can be related to non-unitarity and constrained 2 ij 10G F 2 Yi v v 2 2 i Mi i Yi Mi 2 NN † 1 2 Yj v v 2 2 j Mj Yj M j j 2 NN † 1 Large NSI? For the matter NSI Where is the largest eigenvalue of And additional source, detector and matter NSI are generated through non-unitarity by the d=6 op Large NSI? We found three classes satisfying the requirements: 3 Mixed case, Higgs selects one n and scalar singlet S the other Large NSI? Can be related to non-unitarity and the d=6 antisymmetric op 3 ij 10G F 2 Yi v v 2 2 i Mi i Yi Mi 2 NN † 1 v j l j M Sj l j v 2 M j Sj 2 Large NSI? At d=8 we found no new ways of selecting n The d=6 constraints on non-unitarity and the scalar singlet apply also to the d=8 realizations What if we allow for cancellations among diagrams? B. Gavela, D. Hernández, T. Ota and W. Winter 0809.3451 Large NSI? B. Gavela, D. Hernández, T. Ota and W. Winter 0809.3451 Large NSI? tick means selects n at d=8 without 4-charged fermion bold means induces 4-charged fermion at d=6, have to cancel it!! B. Gavela, D. Hernández, T. Ota and W. Winter 0809.3451 Large NSI? There is always a 4 charged fermion op that needs canceling Toy model Cancelling the 4-charged fermion ops. L i H H i L E * 2 t 2 E B. Gavela, D. Hernández, T. Ota and W. Winter 0809.3451 NSI in loops Even if we arrange to have O * t L i H H i 2 L E E 2 4 M O † † L L H H L t L H t H E E 4 2M We can close the Higgs loop, the triplet terms vanishes and O k2 L L E E 4 2 2M 16p NSIs and 4 charged fermion ops induced with equal strength Extra fine-tuning required at loop level to have k=0 or loop contribution dominates when 1/16p2 > v2/M2 C. Biggio, M. Blennow and EFM 0902.0607 Conclusions Models leading “naturally” to NSI imply: O(10-3) bounds on the NSI Relations between matter and production/detection NSI Probing O(10-3) NSI at future facilities very challenging but not impossible, near detectors like MINSIS excellent probes Saturating the mild model-independent bounds on matter NSI and decoupling them from production/detection requires strong fine tuning Other models for n masses Type I seesaw Minkowski, Gell-Mann, Ramond, Slansky, Yanagida, Glashow, Mohapatra, Senjanovic, … NR fermionic singlet Type II seesaw Magg, Wetterich, Lazarides, Shafi, Mohapatra, Senjanovic, Schecter, Valle, … D scalar triplet Type III seesaw Foot, Lew, He, Joshi, Ma, Roy, Hambye et al., Bajc et al., Dorsner, Fileviez-Perez SR fermionic triplet Different d=6 ops Type I: Type III: Type II: • non-unitary mixing in CC • FCNC for n • non-unitary mixing in CC • FCNC for n • FCNC for charged leptons • LFV 4-fermions interactions A. Abada, C. Biggio, F. Bonnet, B. Gavela and T. Hambye 0707.4058 Types II and III induce flavour violation in the charged lepton sector Stronger constraints than in Type I Low scale seesaws But 1 N d5 mn m M mD so t D mn !!! d 6 m M mD MN † D 2 N Low scale seesaws The d=5 and d=6 operators are independent Approximate U(1)L symmetry can keep d=5 (neutrino mass) small and allow for observable d=6 effects See e.g. A. Abada, C. Biggio, F. Bonnet, B. Gavela and T. Hambye 0707.4058 Inverse (Type I) seesaw L= 1 -1 1 d5 mDt M N1M N1mD d6 mD† M N2mD << M Type II seesaw Wyler, Wolfenstein, Mohapatra, Valle, Bernabeu, Santamaría, Vidal, Mendez, González-García, Branco, Grimus, Lavoura, Kersten, Smirnov,…. YD d 5 4 D 2 MD YDYD† d6 M D2 Magg, Wetterich, Lazarides, Shafi, Mohapatra, Senjanovic, Schecter, Valle,… Low scale seesaws The d=5 and d=6 operators are independent Approximate U(1)L symmetry can keep d=5 (neutrino mass) small and allow for observable d=6 effects See e.g. A. Abada, C. Biggio, F. Bonnet, B. Gavela and T. Hambye 0707.4058 Inverse (Type I) seesaw L= 1 -1 1 d5 mDt M N1M N1mD d6 mD† M N2mD << M Type II seesaw Wyler, Wolfenstein, Mohapatra, Valle, Bernabeu, Santamaría, Vidal, Mendez, González-García, Branco, Grimus, Lavoura, Kersten, Smirnov,…. YD d 5 4 D 2 MD YDYD† d6 M D2 Magg, Wetterich, Lazarides, Shafi, Mohapatra, Senjanovic, Schecter, Valle,…