Transcript Document

Serbia
Enhancing
Energy
Efficiency
and use of
Renewable
Energy
Sources
“Energy Crisis and Climate Change – Challenges for Politics and Business in South East Europe”
Evangelische Akademie Tutzing, 28 March 2009.
Republic of Serbia - Ministry of Mining and Energy
Dejan Stojadinovic, Assistant Minister
Legal Framework
• Energy Law (OJ RS 84/04) provides the overall foundation for development of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency
• Energy Law has established Serbian Energy Efficiency Agency, with the mission to promote and enhance rational use of energy
and use of renewable energy sources - in order to ensure sustainable energy development through promotion and information
dissemination, technical advices and demonstration projects
• Energy Sector Development Strategy of Republic of Serbia by 2015. (2005) emphasize importance of utilization of renewable
energy sources for distributed heat and power generation and recognize Serbian Energy Efficiency Agency, Energy Efficiency
Fund and introduction of support schemes as the main instruments for the achievement of these goals
• Programme for Implementation of Energy Sector Development Strategy 2007-2012 (2007) elaborate Strategy in more details and
define priorities for utilization of renewable energy sources. Programme is updated every two year, and next update will be
prepared for the period 2009-2011
• Regulation on technical and other requirements of liquid biofuels (OJ S&M 23/06) defines technical requirements for biodiesel and
biofuels
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Institutional Stakeholders – EE & RES
MINISTRY OF
MINING AND
ENERGY
 Renewable energy and energy
efficiency policy development
and implementation
MINISTRY OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 National Programme for Energy
Efficiency – technology
dissemination and demonstration
facilities
MINISTRY OF
ENVIRONMENT
AND SPATIAL
PLANNING
 Building standards
 Some energy efficiency
provisions
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION FUND
ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
AGENCY
REGIONAL ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
CENTRES
 Financing some energy efficiency
and renewable energy programs
 Sectoral energy efficiency
programs
 Training and public awareness
campaigns
 Belgrade, Novi Sad, Nis,
Kragujevac, Kraljevo
NO INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM TO COORDINATE POLICIES WITH FOCUS ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLES
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Energy production and consumption
10% THERMAL ENERGY
PLANNED PRIMARY
ENERGY SUPPLY IN
2009. – 17.794 M toe
13% SOLID FUELS
55% PRODUCTION
40% LIQUID FUELS
45% IMPORT
PLANNED FINAL ENERGY SUPPLY
IN 2009. - 8.915 M toe
11% GASEOUS FUELS
26% ELECTRICITY
Energy intensity 2005. (est.)
0.41 toe per thousand USD of GDP
2.7 times higher than average for
OECD Europe
FINAL ENERGY SUPPLY IN 2009.
4.0
3.5
Technical potential for energy
efficiency – 30%
Economic potential for energy
efficiency – 20%
3.0
M toe
2.5
2.0
1.5
Regulation under preparation
1.0
Law on Rational Use of Energy
0.5
Secondary legislation
0.0
COAL
OIL
INDUSTRY
GAS
HOUSEHOLDS
ELECTRICITY
HEAT
Introduction of Energy Management
OTHERS
4
Energy Balance 2009
2007.
2008.
2009.
Primary energy supply per capita (toe/capita)
2.228
2.395
2.416
Electricity supply per capita (toe/capita)
(kWh/capita)
0.295
3,429
0.309
3,589
0.314
3,654
Share of RES-E in total electricity generation
28%
27%
28%
Share of RE in final energy supply
13%
12%
11%
Production
(toe)
Geothermal energy
4,700
Serbia 2009
Large Hydro
923,000
Planned Production of
Renewable Energy
Small Hydro
4,300
Biodiesel
Fuel wood
TOTAL
300
163,000
1,095,300
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RES Technical Potential
Serbia’s endowment of renewable energy resources is substantial
- realization of these potentials require Government action
Wind
5%
Geothermal
5%
Potentials
(Mtoe)
Biomass
2.40
SHPP
0.40
Solar
0.64
Geothermal
0.20
Wind
0.19
TOTAL
3.83
Solar
17%
SHPP
10%
Biomass
63%
Clear technical potential of renewable energy - insufficient information
about the economic potential
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Biomass
Crop farming residues
1/3 available for Energy Use
Total residues
(1,000 tones)
Fruit growing residues
Residues for
Energy Use
(1,000 tones)
Wheat
2,905
1,365
Barley
295
180
Rye
15.5
4.4
Corn
5,310
1,140
Sunflower
705
240
Soybean
320
130
Rapeseed
7.8
1.6
9,560
3,060
TOTAL
Forest biomass
Biomass residues
(1,000 tones)
Plum
393.5
Apple
36.2
Cherries
55.0
Pear
14.0
Peach
35.1
Apricot
15.5
Walnuts
55.0
Grapes
515.0
TOTAL
1,119.3
Wood
Agriculture
biomass
biomass
1 Mtoe
1.4 Mtoe
Fuel Wood
7 million m³
unofficial
-------------------1.6 million m³
official
(55% from State
forest)
Wood
residues
5 million m³
TOTAL
12 million m³
Most promising utilization options for
biomass:
•Space heating in households and
buildings using biomass pellets or
briquettes
•Co-firing or total replacement in district
heating plants firing heavy oil or coal in
south Serbia, where natural gas is not
available yet
•Production of electricity utilizing
agricultural and wood wastes
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Small Hydro Power Plants
SHPP Cadastre (1987)
856 locations
500 MW
>5 MW: 9 locations
2-5MW: 30 locations (average
3 MW)
<1 MW :largest number of
locations
1,500 GWh/year
Number of SHPP in Serbia –
60
(50% out of operation)
Revitalization
Construction
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Small Hydro Power Plants
No of
Potential power
SHPP
installed (kW)
locations
Potential Annual
Generation (MWh)
Municipality
No of
SHPP
locations
Potential power Potential Annual
installed (kW) Generation (MWh)
Municipality
64
34,300
121,203
Ivanjica
19
8,625
32,877
Čajetina
35
33,284
109,692
Raška
17
8,320
29,720
Leskovac
40
25,925
94,026
Pirot
21
8,310
36,832
Nova Varoš
40
23,458
78,394
Kraljevo
27
8,170
32,543
Surdulica
47
18,800
73,971
Prijepolje
13
7,990
28,262
Vlasotince
9
17,576
60,210
Zaječar
19
7,640
27,395
Bajina Bašta
22
17,045
72,212
Crna Trava
12
7,070
27,500
Niš
20
15,825
55,100
Novi Pazar
8
6,740
20,050
Boljevac
8
15,690
58,850
Bela Palanka
12
5,346
17,928
Užice
8
11,216
25,850
Despotovac
15
5,325
19,862
Ljubovija
30
10,974
45,391
Brus
7
4,730
10,230
Negotin
19
10,706
30,180
Đa
11
4,690
16,578
Vladičin Han
32
10,185
38,438
Vranje
6
4,655
20,283
Arilje
22
10,141
38,985
Kuršumlija
14
4,515
19,459
Babušnica
16
9,875
35,318
Priboj
1
3,000
13,700
Novi Sad
30
9,800
36,099
Trgovište
1
850
4,700
Vrbas
13
9,785
30,937
Valjevo
1
620
2,270
Bečej
10
9,305
27,419
Tutin
1
1,220
8,190
Bela Crkva
16
8,945
24,380
Žagubica
17
8,675
34,553
Bosilegrad
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Solar
AVERAGE DAILY SOLAR IRRADIANCE ON HORIZONTAL SURFACE IN kWh/m²
MONTH
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
Total
Year
Beograd
1.40
2.20
3.35
4.85
6.00
6.45
6.75
6.00
4.65
3.05
1.60
1.15
1,446.80
3.96
Vršac
1.00
2.00
3.35
4.40
6.00
6.40
6.55
6.85
4.60
3.00
1.55
1.00
1,424.75
3.90
Palić
1.30
2.10
3.45
5.00
6.15
6.25
6.35
5.85
4.30
2.85
1.40
1.15
1,407.40
3.80
Novi Sad
1.45
2.35
3.20
4.65
5.80
6.20
6.35
5.75
4.40
2.90
1.45
1.20
1,392.65
3.82
Niš
1.75
2.60
3.45
5.00
6.10
6.35
6.70
6.15
5.35
3.45
1.85
1.50
1,531.40
4.20
Kuršumlija
2.15
3.00
3.60
5.05
5.85
6.05
6.55
6.10
5.30
3.50
2.00
1.75
1,550.50
4.25
Peć
1.85
2.95
3.70
4.85
5.95
6.15
6.75
6.15
4.90
3.65
2.25
1.60
1,546.25
4.24
Priština
1.85
2.90
3.70
5.25
6.30
6.60
6.95
6.30
5.10
3.35
1.90
1.60
1,578.25
4.32
Vranje
1.70
2.70
3.65
5.15
6.15
6.40
6.50
6.35
5.25
3.45
1.85
1.50
1,543.40
4.23
Loznica
1.50
2.30
3.05
4.35
5.30
5.75
6.15
5.60
4.30
2.80
1.45
1.20
1,333.50
3.65
Kragujevac
1.50
2.40
3.35
4.80
5.85
6.10
6.45
5.90
4.85
3.30
1.70
1.30
1,447.85
3.97
Negotin
1.35
2.05
3.25
4.85
6.05
6.60
6.95
6.25
4.75
2.90
1.45
1.20
1,453.35
3.98
Zlatibor
1.50
2.30
3.10
4.35
5.10
5.85
5.90
5.35
4.30
2.75
1.60
1.30
1,316.40
3.61
Average yearly insolation in Serbia
about 1,400 kWh/m²
Average
Daily
Average daily value
about 3.8 kWh/m²
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Solar
Most promisin utilization options
•Sanitary water heating
•Space heating
If each housing unit (2.65 million
units) would install average 4 m²
of collectors
Equivalent to some saving
potential of
7,420 GWh
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Geothermal
Average geothermal flow density in
Serbia is higher than 60 mW/m³
There are 160 natural resources of
geothermal waters (excluding Panonian
basin) with temperature above 15ºC
Highest temperatures recorded
Vranjska spa - 96ºC
Jošanička spa - 78ºC
Sijarinska spa - 72ºC
Total flow rate of geothermal water
resources is 4000 l/sec
60 locations are in the water reservoirs
up to 3000 m depth
Residential and commercial areas
Spas and recreation
Gain drying
Greenhouses
Fishing and cattle breeding
Industrial processes
Heat pump heating
Total
Installed thermal
power (MWt)
18.5
36.0
0.7
8.4
6.4
3.9
12.0
86.0
Produced heat
(TJ/year)
575
1,150
22
256
211
121
80
2,415
Use of geothermal potential is mainly for
balneological purposes, sports and
recreation
Prospects for expanding geothermal
energy for agricultural heat and water
heating are reasonably good
Potential for larger scale geothermal
electricity is limited - requires water
temperatures above 100°C.
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Wind
Wind data
based on 10 metre heights
extrapolated to 50 metre heights
2,300 GWh
1,300 MW of capacity
at sites with minimal average
wind speeds of 5 m/s
Best locations in Serbia
(extrapolated)
Midzor
7.66 m/s
Suva Mt.
6.46 m/s
Vrsacki breg
6.27 m/s
Tupiznica
6.25 m/s
Krepoljin
6.18 m/s
Deli Jovan
6.13 m/s
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Wind Case Study: Popadija wind farm
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Barriers for wider use of RES
Institutional barriers
•Lack of experience
Need for the experience of how a private sector renewable energy project can work in
Serbia
Absence of “first set” of projects
•Transition Issues
Many industrial companies are in transition – both with regard to structure and
ownership, and managements are not yet ready to consider measures to rationalize
energy activities
Financial barriers
•Absence of a price support mechanism
Renewable energy projects are not bankable without a price support mechanism
RES cannot compete with fossil electricity generation based on lignite (whose price
does not reflect their environmental damage costs)
•Debt Financing support
Difficulty to secure long term loans appropriate for small renewable energy projects
•Electricity tariff
Low electricity tariff does not stipulate domestic, commercial and industrial consumers
to use renewable energy - current average price is under 5 €cents/kWh
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Barriers for wider use of RES
Technical barriers
•Absence of technical standards
Despite the existence of manufacturers of heating equipment and biomass fuel
(briquettes and pellets), production standards are not regulated
Equipment for biomass energy utilization need clear information about technical
specification and performance characteristics
•Barriers to biomass utilization
Low electricity price, which decrease motivation to install biomass firing boilers
No developed market for biomass fuel and biomass utilisation facilities
•Absence of a renewable energy resources inventory
Update and development of Small Hydro Cadastre
Wind monitoring programe with wind speed measurements at 50 meters needed
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Legal regulation under preparation
Purpose: to promote investments in renewable energy projects
Amendments to the Energy Law
drafting
•Production, transporting, storaging and trading of
biofules is recognized as energy activity
•Definition of renewable energy sources is amplified
and contains biofuels, biogas, landfill gas, sewage gas
•Definition of biomass reffer to biodegradable material
developed in agriculture, forestry and accompanying
industry for energy purposes
•Definition of privileged power producers includes all
RES producers except hydro-power plants and
biomass power plants larger than 10 MW
Regulation on privileged power producers
will be the definition of what types of
renewable energy producers qualify for
privileged status
Deadline for adoption: 1 July 2009.
Feed-in tariffs as the price support
mechanism
Deadline for adoption: 1 July 2009.
•Guaranteed grid access to a privileged power
producers - through obligation of local distribution
company to purchase all the electricity produced from
RES
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Assumptions for development of Feed-in tarriffs
 a purchase price, expressed in c€/kWh, is guaranteed and fixed during the 12-year period.
The level of a purchase price is set to provide invested capital returned in 12 years, with
covering all operating costs incurred during the same period;
 in case of power plants that have been in operation before the application of feed-in tariffs
– proposed feed-in tariffs are valid for the shortened period of time
 feed-in tariffs for old power plants that have been out of commission for at least five years
are separately defined, in order to encourage revitalisation and re-entering in operation of
these plants;
 additional criteria for setting the feed-in tariff is to have the internal rate of return at least
14%, i.e. not below this percentage
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Investment incentives applicable to RES projects
INVESTMENT INCENTIVES
In case of investments in production facility, Government approve grant between 2000 and 5000 euros per
new job creation, minimal investment value is within the range of 1 and 3 million euros, whereas the minimal
number of new jobs is 50
An investor that invests in fixed assets, i.e. in whose fixed assets other entity invests over 600 million RSD
(6.8 million EUR), and uses these assets for conducting business in Serba and during the investment period
additionally recruit at least 100 people - shall be exempted from corporate profit tax payments for the period
of 10 years proportionally with the investment made
TAX CREDITS
A tax payer that made profit in newly established business unit in an underdeveloped area will receive a
corporate profit tax reduction in the duration of two years, proportional to the share of such made profit in
total profit of the company
ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION OF FIXED ASSETS
This incentive is provided for fixed assets that are used for the prevention of air pollution, water and soil
pollution, noise reduction, energy savings, forestation, and collection and utilization of waste for industrial
raw materials and fuels
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS INCENTIVES
The law on foreign investments stipulates free import of goods that are the foreign investor’s nominal capital
(founding capital) – providing it fulfils acts regulating environment protection. Import of equipment as the
founding capital of a foreign investor, except for passenger motor vehicles and game & gambling machines,
is free from customs and other duties. Besides, a foreign investor and a company with foreign founding
capital are entitled to tax and customs related deductions in line with the law
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
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